Fisa Amendments Act Of 2008

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Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

Author : Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781548261573
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act by : Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives

Download or read book Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act written by Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In February of 2016, the Judiciary Committee held a classified hearing that began consideration of the reauthorization of the FISA Amendments Act, which was first signed into law in 2008 and reauthorized in 2012. Much has happened since the law was last reauthorized, however, including the unauthorized disclosures of classified information by Edward Snowden in 2013 that spawned significant public debate on U.S. Government surveillance. There has been jurisprudence upholding the statute's constitutionality. Like congressional oversight, judicial oversight of this program is an integral safeguard. Congress enacted FISA in 1978 to establish statutory guidelines authorizing the use of electronic surveillance in the United States for foreign intelligence purposes. Following enactment, global communications infrastructure shifted from satellite to fiberoptic wire, altering the manner in which domestic and foreign communications are transmitted. This technological shift had the adverse and unintended effect of requiring the government to obtain an individualized FISA court order to monitor foreign communications by non-U.S. persons. In 2008, the FISA Amendments Act established procedures for the collection of foreign intelligence on targets located outside U.S. borders. At its core, Section 702 of the act permits the attorney general and the director of national intelligence to jointly authorize the targeting of non-U.S. persons reasonably believed to be located outside the United States. The intelligence community has deemed Section 702 its most important tool in battling terrorism. However, it has also been criticized by some as an overly broad program that collects communications of U.S. citizens without sufficient legal process.

Report on the Surveillance Program Operated Pursuant to Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

Author : David Medine
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781457856266
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (562 download)

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Book Synopsis Report on the Surveillance Program Operated Pursuant to Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act by : David Medine

Download or read book Report on the Surveillance Program Operated Pursuant to Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act written by David Medine and published by . This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2008, Congress enacted the FISA Amendments Act, which made changes to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA). Those changes included a new provision, Section 702, permitting the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence to jointly authorize surveillance conducted within the U.S. but targeting only non-U.S. persons reasonably believed to be located outside the U.S. The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB) began reviewing implementation of the FISA Amendments Act early in 2013, shortly after the Board began operations as an independent agency. This report contains PCLOB's detailed analysis of the Section 702 program, with a focus on increasing transparency to the public regarding the surveillance program. It addresses the Section 702 program's development and operation, statutory basis, constitutional implications, and whether it strikes the right balance between national security and privacy and civil liberties, and will make recommendations for policy reforms. This is a print on demand report.

FISA Amendments

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis FISA Amendments by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary

Download or read book FISA Amendments written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

FISA Amendments Act of 2008

Author : United States
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (245 download)

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Book Synopsis FISA Amendments Act of 2008 by : United States

Download or read book FISA Amendments Act of 2008 written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

Author : Elizabeth B. Bazan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act by : Elizabeth B. Bazan

Download or read book The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act written by Elizabeth B. Bazan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current legislative and oversight activity with respect to electronic surveillance under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) has drawn national attention to several overarching issues. This report briefly outlines three such issues and touches upon some of the perspectives reflected in the ongoing debate. These issues include the inherent and often dynamic tension between national security and civil liberties, particularly rights of privacy and free speech; the need for the intelligence community to be able to efficiently and effectively collect foreign intelligence information from the communications of foreign persons located outside the United States in a changing, fast-paced, and technologically sophisticated international environment or from United States persons abroad, and the differing approaches suggested to meet this need; and limitations of liability for those electronic communication service providers who furnish aid to the federal government in its foreign intelligence collection. Two constitutional provisions, in particular, are implicated in this debate-the Fourth and First Amendments. This report briefly examines these issues and sets them in context. The 110th Congress has been very active in developing and considering measures to amend FISA to address these issues. On August 5, 2007, the Protect America Act, P.L. 110-55, was enacted into law. It expired on February 16, 2008, after passage of a 15-day extension to its original sunset date, P.L. 110-182. On November 15, 2007, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 3773, the RESTORE Act of 2007. On February 12, 2008, the Senate passed S. 2248, as amended, then struck all but the enacting clause of H.R. 3773, and inserted the text of S. 2248, as amended, in its stead. On March 14, 2008, the House passed an amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 3773. After months of intensive negotiations, on June 19, 2008, a compromise bill, H.R. 6304, was introduced in the House. It was passed by the House the following day. On June 26, 2008, a cloture motion on the measure was presented in the Senate. Further activity on H.R. 6304 is anticipated after the Senate returns from the July 4th recess. Each of these bills differs somewhat in content and approach from one another. This report also briefly explores legislative responses to the issues addressed. It will be updated as needed.

Power Wars

Author : Charlie Savage
Publisher : Little, Brown
ISBN 13 : 0316286605
Total Pages : 1161 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (162 download)

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Book Synopsis Power Wars by : Charlie Savage

Download or read book Power Wars written by Charlie Savage and published by Little, Brown. This book was released on 2015-11-03 with total page 1161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Charlie Savage's penetrating investigation of the Obama presidency and the national security state. Barack Obama campaigned on changing George W. Bush's "global war on terror" but ended up entrenching extraordinary executive powers, from warrantless surveillance and indefinite detention to military commissions and targeted killings. Then Obama found himself bequeathing those authorities to Donald Trump. How did the United States get here? In Power Wars, Charlie Savage reveals high-level national security legal and policy deliberations in a way no one has done before. He tells inside stories of how Obama came to order the drone killing of an American citizen, preside over an unprecendented crackdown on leaks, and keep a then-secret program that logged every American's phone calls. Encompassing the first comprehensive history of NSA surveillance over the past forty years as well as new information about the Osama bin Laden raid, Power Wars equips readers to understand the legacy of Bush's and Obama's post-9/11 presidencies in the Trump era.

Balancing Liberty and Security

Author : Michelle Louise Atkin
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1442219106
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Balancing Liberty and Security by : Michelle Louise Atkin

Download or read book Balancing Liberty and Security written by Michelle Louise Atkin and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2013-07-11 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the philosophical foundations of information ethics and their potential for application to contemporary problems in U.S. foreign intelligence surveillance. Questions concerning the limits of government intrusion on protected Fourth Amendment rights are examined against the backdrop of the post-9/11 period. Changes to U.S. foreign intelligence surveillance law and policy are analyzed by applying the traditional ethical theories commonly used to support or discount these changes, namely utilitarian and contractarian ethical theories. The resulting research combines both theoretical elements, through its use of analytic philosophy, and qualitative research methods, through its use of legislation, court cases, news media, and scholarship surrounding U.S. foreign intelligence surveillance. Using the U.S.A. PATRIOT Act, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) and the Terrorist Surveillance Program as case examples, the author develops and applies a normative ethical framework based on a legal proportionality test that can be applied to future cases involving U.S. foreign intelligence surveillance. The proportionality test developed in this research, which is based on a modified version of the Canadian Oakes Test, seeks to balance legitimate concerns about collective security against the rights of the individual. As a new synthesis of utilitarian and contractarian ethical principles, the proportionality test laid out in this book has potential for application beyond U.S. foreign intelligence surveillance. It could act as a guide to future research in other applied areas in information policy research where there is a clear tension between individual civil liberties and the collective good of society. Problems such as passenger screening, racial and ethnic profiling, data mining, and access to information could be examined using the framework developed in this study.

Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 944 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book by :

Download or read book Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Right to Privacy

Author : Louis Dembitz Brandeis
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (596 download)

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Book Synopsis The Right to Privacy by : Louis Dembitz Brandeis

Download or read book The Right to Privacy written by Louis Dembitz Brandeis and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-09-17 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Right to Privacy" by Louis Dembitz Brandeis, Samuel D. Warren. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.

The Future of Foreign Intelligence

Author : Laura K. Donohue
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019023539X
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Foreign Intelligence by : Laura K. Donohue

Download or read book The Future of Foreign Intelligence written by Laura K. Donohue and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-23 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Revolutionary War, America's military and political leaders have recognized that U.S. national security depends upon the collection of intelligence. Absent information about foreign threats, the thinking went, the country and its citizens stood in great peril. To address this, the Courts and Congress have historically given the President broad leeway to obtain foreign intelligence. But in order to find information about an individual in the United States, the executive branch had to demonstrate that the person was an agent of a foreign power. Today, that barrier no longer exists. The intelligence community now collects massive amounts of data and then looks for potential threats to the United States. As renowned national security law scholar Laura K. Donohue explains in The Future of Foreign Intelligence, global communications systems and digital technologies have changed our lives in countless ways. But they have also contributed to a worrying transformation. Together with statutory alterations instituted in the wake of 9/11, and secret legal interpretations that have only recently become public, new and emerging technologies have radically expanded the amount and type of information that the government collects about U.S. citizens. Traditionally, for national security, the Courts have allowed weaker Fourth Amendment standards for search and seizure than those that mark criminal law. Information that is being collected for foreign intelligence purposes, though, is now being used for criminal prosecution. The expansion in the government's acquisition of private information, and the convergence between national security and criminal law threaten individual liberty. Donohue traces the evolution of U.S. foreign intelligence law and pairs it with the progress of Fourth Amendment jurisprudence. She argues that the bulk collection programs instituted by the National Security Agency amount to a general warrant, the prevention of which was the reason the Founders introduced the Fourth Amendment. The expansion of foreign intelligence surveillanceleant momentum by advances in technology, the Global War on Terror, and the emphasis on securing the homelandnow threatens to consume protections essential to privacy, which is a necessary component of a healthy democracy. Donohue offers a road map for reining in the national security state's expansive reach, arguing for a judicial re-evaluation of third party doctrine and statutory reform that will force the executive branch to take privacy seriously, even as Congress provides for the collection of intelligence central to U.S. national security. Alarming and penetrating, this is essential reading for anyone interested in the future of foreign intelligence and privacy in the United States.

Bulk Collection of Signals Intelligence

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309325234
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Bulk Collection of Signals Intelligence by : National Research Council

Download or read book Bulk Collection of Signals Intelligence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulk Collection of Signals Intelligence: Technical Options study is a result of an activity called for in Presidential Policy Directive 28 (PPD-28), issued by President Obama in January 2014, to evaluate U.S. signals intelligence practices. The directive instructed the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) to produce a report within one year "assessing the feasibility of creating software that would allow the intelligence community more easily to conduct targeted information acquisition rather than bulk collection." ODNI asked the National Research Council (NRC) -- the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering -- to conduct a study, which began in June 2014, to assist in preparing a response to the President. Over the ensuing months, a committee of experts appointed by the Research Council produced the report.

The NSA Report

Author : President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies, The
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400851270
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The NSA Report by : President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies, The

Download or read book The NSA Report written by President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies, The and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The official report that has shaped the international debate about NSA surveillance "We cannot discount the risk, in light of the lessons of our own history, that at some point in the future, high-level government officials will decide that this massive database of extraordinarily sensitive private information is there for the plucking. Americans must never make the mistake of wholly 'trusting' our public officials."—The NSA Report This is the official report that is helping shape the international debate about the unprecedented surveillance activities of the National Security Agency. Commissioned by President Obama following disclosures by former NSA contractor Edward J. Snowden, and written by a preeminent group of intelligence and legal experts, the report examines the extent of NSA programs and calls for dozens of urgent and practical reforms. The result is a blueprint showing how the government can reaffirm its commitment to privacy and civil liberties—without compromising national security.

Consent of the Networked

Author : Rebecca MacKinnon
Publisher : Basic Books (AZ)
ISBN 13 : 0465063756
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Consent of the Networked by : Rebecca MacKinnon

Download or read book Consent of the Networked written by Rebecca MacKinnon and published by Basic Books (AZ). This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future of your freedom depends on whether you assert your rights within the digital spaces you inhabit. But, as corporations and countries square off onÑand overÑthe internet, the likely losers are us.

Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations

Author : Orin S. Kerr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations by : Orin S. Kerr

Download or read book Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations written by Orin S. Kerr and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Cambridge Handbook of Surveillance Law

Author : David Gray
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110850938X
Total Pages : 1762 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Surveillance Law by : David Gray

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Surveillance Law written by David Gray and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 1762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveillance presents a conundrum: how to ensure safety, stability, and efficiency while respecting privacy and individual liberty. From police officers to corporations to intelligence agencies, surveillance law is tasked with striking this difficult and delicate balance. That challenge is compounded by ever-changing technologies and evolving social norms. Following the revelations of Edward Snowden and a host of private-sector controversies, there is intense interest among policymakers, business leaders, attorneys, academics, students, and the public regarding legal, technological, and policy issues relating to surveillance. This Handbook documents and organizes these conversations, bringing together some of the most thoughtful and impactful contributors to contemporary surveillance debates, policies, and practices. Its pages explore surveillance techniques and technologies; their value for law enforcement, national security, and private enterprise; their impacts on citizens and communities; and the many ways societies do - and should - regulate surveillance.

Nomination of David S. Kris to be Assistant Attorney General for National Security

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Nomination of David S. Kris to be Assistant Attorney General for National Security by : United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence

Download or read book Nomination of David S. Kris to be Assistant Attorney General for National Security written by United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Set to Expire May 27 2011

Author : Edward C. Liu
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437983189
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Set to Expire May 27 2011 by : Edward C. Liu

Download or read book Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Set to Expire May 27 2011 written by Edward C. Liu and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) are set to expire (sunset) on May 27, 2011. The three sun-setting amendments expanded the scope of federal intelligence gathering authority following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Contents of this report: (1) Overview; (2) Background: Distinction Between FISA Court Orders and Warrants in Criminal Investigations; Distinction Between FISA Court Orders and National Security Letters; Expiring FISA Amendments; "Lone Wolf" Terrorists; Roving Wiretaps; Access to Business Records Under FISA; (3) Effect of Sunset Provisions; (4) Legislative Proposals in the 112th Congress. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.