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Fire Altered Landscapes Influence Locomotor Performance Of Eastern Fence Lizards Sceloporus Undulatus
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Book Synopsis Fire-altered Landscapes Influence Locomotor Performance of Eastern Fence Lizards ("Sceloporus Undulatus") by : Kristoffer H. Wild
Download or read book Fire-altered Landscapes Influence Locomotor Performance of Eastern Fence Lizards ("Sceloporus Undulatus") written by Kristoffer H. Wild and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically habitat disturbance through fire has played a key role in shaping the biodiversity of forest communities in the Southeastern US. .... "Sceloporus undulatus" is a sexually dimorphic forest lizard that is relatively common throughout the eastern US, which makes it well-suited for studying the effects of fire-altered landscapes on lizard ecology. Our objective was to quantify the effect of fire-altered landscapes on "S. undulatus" locomotor performance.
Book Synopsis Endocrine Stress Response of Eastern Fence Lizards to Fire-altered Landscapes by : Mike Iacchetta
Download or read book Endocrine Stress Response of Eastern Fence Lizards to Fire-altered Landscapes written by Mike Iacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Habitat alterations, such as fire, change the landscape's habitat structure and resource availability necessitating physiological responses to cope with the environmental change. Quantifying an endocrine stress response through measurement of glucocorticoids has become an increasingly common method to determining how organisms respond physiologically to challenges imposed by their environment. We tested the hypothesis that Eastern Fence lizards cope with fire effects on the environment by modulating their endocrine stress response.
Book Synopsis The Causes and Consequences of Adaptation to a Novel Invader in the Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus Undulatus). by : Christopher Thawley
Download or read book The Causes and Consequences of Adaptation to a Novel Invader in the Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus Undulatus). written by Christopher Thawley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many environments are changing rapidly due to human impacts including habitat alteration, climate change, and the introduction of invasive species. This global environmental change has numerous direct and indirect effects on species that can exert novel pressures. In some cases organisms must adapt to these changes or face extirpation or extinction. Understanding the diversity and extent of these effects of global change, and the processes by which species adapt to it, is critical to future conservation and can provide important insights into ecological and evolutionary processes. My dissertation addresses questions about the effects imposed by invasive species on native species and how native species adapt to associated novel pressures by using a system of native fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) subject to differing levels of exposure to an invasive predatory fire ant (Solenopsis invicta). In the southeastern United States, fence lizard populations have adapted to this novel predator via an increase in anti-ant behaviors, including twitching and fleeing which promote escape from and removal of attacking ants; longer hind limbs which support this behavior; and a heightened stress response. Novel pressures induced by invasive species may include lethal (e.g. predation, injury) and sublethal (e.g. altered energy or habitat availability) effects. The nature of these effects may vary with characteristics of an organism (e.g., sex, age, size) and history of exposure to the invader. I explored how the effects of fire ants on fence lizards varied with life stage of the lizard and their evolutionary exposure (adaptation) to the ants. I first investigated the effects of fire ants on the vulnerable life history stage of fence lizard eggs by creating artificial nests in the field and monitoring them daily. I found that fire ants do prey on fence lizard eggs in the field and may predate up to 60% of fence lizard nests in fire ant-invaded areas. Eggs from lizards from fire ant-invaded and -uninvaded sites were equally susceptible to predation, suggesting a lack of adaptation to this threat. I next quantified the effects of fire ants on juvenile and adult lizards from fire ant-invaded and -uninvaded sites by placing them in large field enclosures with natural and reduced densities of fire ants for two weeks. Fire ants reduced survival of adult but not juvenile lizards, regardless of their evolutionary history with fire ants. Juvenile lizards grew less in enclosures with fire ants than in fire ant-free enclosures, but there was no effect of fire ant density on adult growth. This research shows that fire ants have both lethal and sublethal effects on lizards, and that these vary with lizard life stage. I conducted field surveys and manipulations to examine the consequences of behavioral adaptations of fence lizards to fire ants. I exposed lizards from fire ant-invaded and -uninvaded sites to encounters with predatory fire ants and non-threatening native ants, and to simulated attacks by a native predator (a taxidermied American Kestrel). While lizards responded similarly to the native predator, lizards from fire ant-invaded sites showed a generalized increase in responsiveness to all ants. While this behavior is adaptive against fire ants, it may also attract attention from native predators as evidenced by my findings of higher injury rates of lizards at fire ant-invaded sites. At a geographic scale, I found that the presence of fire ants reverses natural latitudinal gradients in behavior, stress responsiveness, and morphology of fence lizards. This implies that fire ants are driving these traits away from historical values that evolved under fire ant-free conditions and suggests potential costs to adapting to fire ants. As a whole, this work shows that invasive species can have broad impacts on native taxa, and that these impacts may vary with the life stage of affected native species and the degree to which they have adapted to the invader. Adaptive responses by native species may be strong enough to reverse pre-existing latitudinal clines in relevant traits over large portions of an affected species' range. However, while native species can adapt to novel invaders, these adaptations may incur also costs that should be considered when assessing population persistence and management in the face of these increasing perturbations.
Book Synopsis Effects of Seasonal Testosterone and Sexual Dimorphism on Locomotor Performance Variation in the Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus Undulatus) by : Mindy L. Murdock
Download or read book Effects of Seasonal Testosterone and Sexual Dimorphism on Locomotor Performance Variation in the Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus Undulatus) written by Mindy L. Murdock and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Influence of Sampling Effort on Home Range Estimates by : Andrew Keller
Download or read book The Influence of Sampling Effort on Home Range Estimates written by Andrew Keller and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Season and ACTH on Corticosterone in Female Eastern Fence Lizards (Sceloporus Undulatus) by : Julie Baker Phillips
Download or read book Influence of Season and ACTH on Corticosterone in Female Eastern Fence Lizards (Sceloporus Undulatus) written by Julie Baker Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The biology of the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus by : Joseph Patrick Kennedy
Download or read book The biology of the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus written by Joseph Patrick Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting the Physiological Consequences of Stress in Eastern Fence Lizards (Sceloporus Undulatus). by : Gail McCormick
Download or read book Factors Affecting the Physiological Consequences of Stress in Eastern Fence Lizards (Sceloporus Undulatus). written by Gail McCormick and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the consequences of stress is integral to predicting how organisms will respond to global environmental change. The stress response is generally adaptive, promoting physiological changes that allow an organism to deal with and recover from a threat. However, the stress response can lead to negative fitness outcomes because it diverts energy away from growth, reproduction, and immune function. My dissertation broadly investigates how traits of a stressor and of an organism affect the physiological outcomes of stress. To do so, I utilized populations of eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) that co-evolved with different levels of stress associated with presence of invasive predatory fire ants (Solenopsis invicta). Stress is typically characterized by duration, with short-duration ("acute") stress assumed to be neutral or beneficial and long-duration ("chronic") stress assumed to have negative outcomes. However, the outcomes of stressors that result from repeated short-duration stress (e.g. frequent predator attacks) are not well understood. I first investigated the immune outcomes of these "repeated acute" stressors. Lizards from both high-and low-stress populations enhanced immune function following exposure to repeated acute elevations of exogenous corticosterone (CORT). This demonstrates that repeated acute stressors produce immune outcomes more typical of those expected from short-duration stress (i.e. immune enhancement). I then investigated the role of stressor duration, frequency, and intensity in determining the immune outcomes of stress. My results reveal that stressor intensity is a major driver of immune outcomes of stress in this system and suggest that the current duration-centric terminology is not adequate. Finally, I explored how exposure to stress within a lifetime and across generations affects stress physiology and immune function by raising offspring of lizards from high- and low-stress sites under high and low-stress conditions in the lab and measuring physiological outcomes in adulthood. Early life stress did not affect adult stress physiology, but offspring of lizards from high-stress sites had more robust stress responses than those from uninvaded sites. This suggests that, in this system, stress experienced by an individual's ancestors may be more important in shaping adult stress physiology than stress that an individual faces within its lifetime. By contrast, within- and across-generational factors interacted to affect adult immune function; CORT-elevation during early life suppressed adult immune function in lizards from low-stress sites but enhanced immune function in lizards from high-stress sites. Together, these results further our understanding of how traits of a stressor and those of an organism influence physiological outcomes of stress. This insight allows us to better predict how organisms will be affected by stress, including that imposed as a result of global change, and to better allocate resources to manage and mitigate these fitness-relevant effects.
Book Synopsis Animal Athletes by : Duncan J. Irschick
Download or read book Animal Athletes written by Duncan J. Irschick and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of performance capacity (defined as the ability of an animal to conduct a key task) holds great interest at both ecological and evolutionary levels. In this book, the topic is addressed using examples from throughout the animal kingdom, identifying common themes that transcend taxonomy.
Book Synopsis Effects of Climate Change on Birds by : Anders Pape Møller
Download or read book Effects of Climate Change on Birds written by Anders Pape Møller and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Effects of Climate Change on Birds provides an exhaustive and up-to-date synthesis of the science of climate change as it relates to birds." -- Back cover.
Book Synopsis Amphibians and Reptiles of Georgia by : John B. Jensen
Download or read book Amphibians and Reptiles of Georgia written by John B. Jensen and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring more than 475 full-color photographs and 182 maps, this comprehensive guide to the state's diverse herpetofauna makes accessible a wealth of information about 170 species of frogs, salamanders, crocodilians, lizards, snakes, and turtles, including species attributes, behavior, life cycles, habitat, and more.
Book Synopsis Lizards of Patagonia by : Mariana Morando
Download or read book Lizards of Patagonia written by Mariana Morando and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-23 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a critical and integrated review of lizards from Patagonia. It summarizes the region’s geomorphological history and climatic aspects, which makes it possible to interpret, from an evolutionary perspective, the latest findings on the various natural history aspects of its lizard fauna. As such, the book will appeal to all researchers and professionals specialized in lizard ecology and evolution.
Book Synopsis 50 Years of Bat Research by : Burton K. Lim
Download or read book 50 Years of Bat Research written by Burton K. Lim and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-23 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 1,400 species, bats are an incredibly diverse and successful group of mammals that can serve as model systems for many unique evolutionary adaptations. Flight has allowed them to master the sky, while echolocation enables them to navigate in the dark. Being small, secretive, nocturnal creatures has made bats a challenge to study, but over the past 50 years, innovative research has made it possible to dispel some of the mystery and myth surrounding them to give us a better understanding of the role these animals play in the ecosystem. The structure of the book is based on several broad themes across the biological sciences, including the evolution of bats, their ecology and behavior, and conservation of biodiversity. Within these themes are more specific topics on important aspects of bat research, such as morphology, molecular biology, echolocation, taxonomy, systematics, threats to bats, social structure, reproduction, movements, and feeding strategies. Given its scope, the book will appeal to the wider scientific community, environmental organizations, and government policymakers who are interested in the interdisciplinary aspects of biology and nature.
Book Synopsis Wildlife and Invertebrate Response to Fuel Reduction Treatments in Dry Coniferous Forests of the Western United States by : David S. Pilliod
Download or read book Wildlife and Invertebrate Response to Fuel Reduction Treatments in Dry Coniferous Forests of the Western United States written by David S. Pilliod and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper synthesizes available information on the effects of hazardous fuel reduction treatments on terrestrial wildlife and invertebrates in dry coniferous forest types in the West. We focused on thinning and/or prescribed fire studies in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and dry-type Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and mixed coniferous forests. Overall, there are tremendous gaps in information needed to evaluate the effects of fuel reduction on the majority of species found in our focal area. Differences among studies in location, fuel treatment type and size, and pre- and post-treatment habitat conditions resulted in variability in species responses. In other words, a species may respond positively to fuel reduction in one situation and negatively in another. Despite these issues, a few patterns did emerge from this synthesis. In general, fire-dependent species, species preferring open habitats, and species that are associated with early successional vegetation or that consume seeds and fruit appear to benefit from fuel reduction activities. In contrast, species that prefer closed-canopy forests or dense understory, and species that are closely associated with those habitat elements that may be removed or consumed by fuel reductions, will likely be negatively affected by fuel reductions. Some habitat loss may persist for only a few months or a few years, such as understory vegetation and litter that recover quickly. The loss of large-diameter snags and down wood, which are important habitat elements for many wildlife and invertebrate species, may take decades to recover and thus represent some of the most important habitat elements to conserve during fuel reduction treatments. Management activities that consider the retention of habitat structures (such as snags, down wood, and refugia of untreated stands) may increase habitat heterogeneity and may benefit the greatest number of species in the long run.
Book Synopsis Brief History of Herpetology in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, with a List of Type Specimens of Recent Amphibians and Reptiles by : Javier A. Rodriguez-Robles
Download or read book Brief History of Herpetology in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, with a List of Type Specimens of Recent Amphibians and Reptiles written by Javier A. Rodriguez-Robles and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ), located on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley, is a leading center of herpetological research in the United States. This monograph offers a brief account of the principal figures associated with the collection and of the most important events in the history of herpetology in the MVZ during its first 93 years, and lists all type specimens of recent amphibians and nonavian reptiles in the collection. Although the MVZ has existed since 1908, until 1945 there was no formal curator for the collection of amphibians and nonavian reptiles. Since that time Robert C. Stebbins, David B. Wake, Harry W. Greene, Javier A. Rodríguez-Robles (in an interim capacity), and Craig Moritz have served in that position. The herpetological collection of the MVZ was begun on March 13, 1909, with a collection of approximately 430 specimens from southern California and as of December 31, 2001, contained 232,254 specimens. Taxonomically, the collection is strongest in salamanders, accounting for 99,176 specimens, followed by "lizards" (squamate reptiles other than snakes and amphisbaenians, 63,439), frogs (40,563), snakes (24,937), turtles (2,643), caecilians (979), amphisbaenians (451), crocodilians (63), and tuataras (3). Whereas the collection's emphasis historically has been on the western United States and on California in particular, representatives of taxa from many other parts of the world are present. The 1,765 type specimens in the MVZ comprise 120 holotypes, three neotypes, three syntypes, and 1,639 paratopotypes and paratypes; 83 of the holotypes were originally described as full species. Of the 196 amphibian and nonavian reptilian taxa represented by type material, most were collected in México (63) and California (USA, 54). The Appendix of the monograph presents a list of curators, graduate and undergraduate students, postdoctoral fellows, research associates, research assistants, curatorial associates, curatorial assistants, and visiting faculty who have conducted research on the biology of amphibians and reptiles while in residence in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology as of December 31, 2001.
Book Synopsis Southwestern Desert Resources by : William L. Halvorson
Download or read book Southwestern Desert Resources written by William L. Halvorson and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2023-01-17 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The southwestern deserts stretch from southeastern California to west Texas and then south to central Mexico. The landscape of this region is known as basin and range topography featuring to “sky islands” of forest rising from the desert lowlands which creates a uniquely diverse ecology. The region is further complicated by an international border, where governments have caused difficulties for many animal populations. This book puts a spotlight on individual research projects which are specific examples of work being done in the area and when they are all brought together, to shed a general light of understanding the biological and cultural resources of this vast region so that those same resources can be managed as effectively and efficiently as possible. The intent is to show that collaborative efforts among federal, state agency, university, and private sector researchers working with land managers, provides better science and better management than when scientists and land managers work independently.
Book Synopsis Reptilian Incubation by : Denis Charles Deeming
Download or read book Reptilian Incubation written by Denis Charles Deeming and published by . This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reptiles have been a topic for scientific study for many decades and remain widely studied around the world. In particular, their reproductive patterns and strategies have been extensively studied, proving useful in analysis of life-history strategies. A pivotal aspect of reptilian reproduction is incubation of eggs. Oviparity is found in all turtles, crocodilians and the tuatara and is prevalent in many lizards and snakes. Many aspects of the eggs, embryos and incubation conditions have been the subject of numerous scientific reports. This volume is dedicated to systematic analysis of reptilian incubation. The concept for the book is to look at reptilian eggs, development and incubation conditions in a functional way with particular emphasis on the natural incubation environment and, rather than concentrating on Family accounts, (e.g. incubation in crocodilians) the chapters review the topics in all reptile types allowing for the first time a systematic comparison of incubation between crocodilians, turtles and squamates. In addition to reviewing current information, the authors briefly look towards the future and outline areas where further research is needed.
