Finite Element Based Fatigue Evaluation Of Cope Holes In Bridge Girders

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Finite Element Based Fatigue Evaluation of Cope Holes in Bridge Girders

Author : Steffen P. Groesgen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Finite Element Based Fatigue Evaluation of Cope Holes in Bridge Girders by : Steffen P. Groesgen

Download or read book Finite Element Based Fatigue Evaluation of Cope Holes in Bridge Girders written by Steffen P. Groesgen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kansas Department of Transportation requested a study to examine the fatigue behavior of cope holes specifically to answer the question as to which AASHTO fatigue category governs cope holes. The goal of this project is to supplement the AASHTO Bridge Design Specification by providing experimental and analytical information for designers as to how to categorize cope holes in welded steel girders. The stress field in an idealized smooth cope hole, as well as a representative actual flame cut cope hole, was determined in an actual beam. The resulting stress field, as determined with experimental stress analysis techniques, revealed a serious stress concentration located near the top of the cope hole in the web. This stress field was confirmed in a comprehensive finite element study of a section of the beam assembly using both 2-D and 3-D analysis.

Load-Induced Fatigue Category of Hand Holes and Manholes

Author : F. J. Bonachera Martín
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781622604821
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Load-Induced Fatigue Category of Hand Holes and Manholes by : F. J. Bonachera Martín

Download or read book Load-Induced Fatigue Category of Hand Holes and Manholes written by F. J. Bonachera Martín and published by . This book was released on 2018-02-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current steel bridge design and evaluation practices assume that large inspection access holes, such as manhole and hand holes are presently classified as category D details. While category D is adequate for the fatigue evaluation of small open holes, such as an empty bolt holes, this has been shown to be overly conservative when the dimensions of the hole are larger. Specifically, the stress concentration of a hole decreases as the size of the hole relative to the size of the plate increases. In order to verify whether the reduction in stress concentration is significant enough to grant an improvement in the fatigue category, a parametric study using finite element analysis was conducted. The results of the parametric study revealed that larger holes may be reclassified as category C fatigue-prone details when certain geometrical features are met. To assist the implementation of the research findings, the current report also includes recommended modifications to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification.

Fatigue Evaluation of Steel Bridges

Author : Mark Douglas Bowman
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 030925826X
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Fatigue Evaluation of Steel Bridges by : Mark Douglas Bowman

Download or read book Fatigue Evaluation of Steel Bridges written by Mark Douglas Bowman and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 721: Fatigue Evaluation of Steel Bridges provides proposed revisions to Section 7--Fatigue Evaluation of Steel Bridges of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Manual for Bridge Evaluation with detailed examples of the application of the proposed revisions."--Publisher's description.

Finite Element Analysis of Fatigue Prone Details of the Tuttle Creek Bridge

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Finite Element Analysis of Fatigue Prone Details of the Tuttle Creek Bridge by :

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Fatigue Prone Details of the Tuttle Creek Bridge written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many older steel girder bridges exhibit distortion-induced fatigue cracking at the cross-frame to girder connections. In a two-girder bridge like the Tuttle Creek Bridge there are no redundant load paths and this problem is of even greater concern. The primary girders of the bridge structure are fatigue critical elements and even when such cracks are relatively small they must be examined extensively. The Tuttle Creek Bridge, built in 1962, developed distortion-induced fatigue cracks in the web gap region. The crack prevention repairs of 1986 were not effective and continued crack growth was observed. The bridge was again repaired recently in the summer of 2005. A finite element study is performed in this study for a typical intermediate girder span, to characterize the behavior of fatigue critical details and to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly installed retrofits. A dual-level finite element analysis was performed using macro-level models of the entire bridge structure and micro-level models of some portions of the bridge under investigation. The finite element procedure was found to be efficient and accurate. The models were calibrated using field strain data obtained from two field tests done before and after the retrofits. The analytical results were in good agreement with the measured field data. The analysis shows that the top flange web gap region is the most susceptible to distortion-induced fatigue. The study successfully explains the observed crack patterns on the bridge. The study indicates a significant reduction in web gap stresses after the retrofit. The retrofit also reduces stresses in the gusset plate region and eliminates the stress concentration near the weld terminations. Based upon the most critical detail and assuming that the traffic volume doubles from the present ADTT of 65, the service life of the bridge is estimated to be over one hundred years.

Analysis of Distortion-induced Fatigue Cracking in a Steel Trapezoidal Box Girder Bridge

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781109385977
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (859 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Distortion-induced Fatigue Cracking in a Steel Trapezoidal Box Girder Bridge by :

Download or read book Analysis of Distortion-induced Fatigue Cracking in a Steel Trapezoidal Box Girder Bridge written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2006, a consulting firm was hired to perform an in-depth interior box inspection on Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) Bridge Number 1-501, also known as the Newport Viaduct. Upon inspection, 655 fatigue cracks were observed, occurring at the weld metal between the transverse cross frame connection plate and girder webs. At the cracked locations, a 2.5 in. web gap exists between the connection plate termination and the girder flanges. This is a known fatigue prone detail that has been widely documented to be susceptible to out-of-plane deformation and distortion-induced fatigue. Although the mode of cracking is relatively familiar, there are remaining questions that should be answered to ensure the proper functioning of the structure. Specifically, is the observed fatigue cracking consistent with expected behavior? Secondly, should additional cracks be expected to initiate in locations that currently do not have observable cracks? These questions were approached by focusing on a portion of the overall structure, Spans 9-11 in the southbound direction. Field testing was performed to capture the in-situ response of the structure to known live loads via the implementation of 23 strategically placed strain transducers. The field testing was used to calibrate and validate a finite element model. The finite element mesh was constructed using the FEMAP preprocessor and solved using ABAQUS. Sensitivity analyses were performed on the model to investigate the influence of the transverse truck position within the travel lane, the concrete deck stiffness, and the concrete parapets. The results of each analysis showed that the finite element model was insensitive to variations in transverse truck position, concrete stiffness, and the exclusion of the parapets. The finite element model was ultimately utilized to perform a fatigue evaluation. The fatigue evaluation showed that fatigue cracking is within reason given the stress range and the number of accumulated stress cycles from lifetime truck traffic on the structure. The fatigue evaluation and anticipation of future cracking establishes the need for developing crack retrofit and mitigation strategies for the web gap details within the structure. These strategies will extend the longevity of the bridge and enable it to remain in service.

Analysis of Girder Differential Deflection and Web Gap Stress for Rapid Assessment of Distortional Fatigue in Multi-girder Steel Bridges

Download Analysis of Girder Differential Deflection and Web Gap Stress for Rapid Assessment of Distortional Fatigue in Multi-girder Steel Bridges PDF Online Free

Author : Huijuan Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (724 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Girder Differential Deflection and Web Gap Stress for Rapid Assessment of Distortional Fatigue in Multi-girder Steel Bridges by : Huijuan Li

Download or read book Analysis of Girder Differential Deflection and Web Gap Stress for Rapid Assessment of Distortional Fatigue in Multi-girder Steel Bridges written by Huijuan Li and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distortion-induced fatigue cracking in unstiffened web gaps is common in steel bridges. Previous research by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) developed methods to predict the peak web gap stress and maximum differential deflection based upon field data and finite element analyses from two skew supported steel bridges with staggered bent-plate and cross-brace diaphragms, respectively. This project aimed to test the applicability of the proposed methods to a varied spectrum of bridges in the Mn/DOT inventory. An entire bridge model (macro-model) and a model encompassing a portion of the bridge surrounding the diaphragm (micro-model) were calibrated for two instrumented bridges. Dual-level analyses using the macroand micro-models were performed to account for the uncertainties of boundary conditions. Parameter studies were conducted on the prototypical variations of the bridge models to define the sensitivity of diaphragm stress responses to typical diaphragm and bridge details. Based on these studies, the coefficient in the web gap stress formula was calibrated and a linear prediction of the coefficient was proposed for bridges with different span lengths. Additionally, the prediction of differential deflection was calibrated to include the influence of crossbrace diaphragms, truck loading configurations and additional sidewalk railings. A simple approximation was also proposed for the influence of web gap lateral deflection on web gap stress. This research studied the effect of two enzymes as soil stabilizers on two soil types to determine how and under what conditions they function. Researchers evaluated the chemical composition, mode of action, resilient modulus, and shear strength to determine the effects of the enzymes A and B on the soils I and II. The enzymes produced a high concentration of protein and observations suggest the enzymes behave like a surfactant, which effects its stabilization performance. The specimens were subjected to testing of varying lengths of time to determine their performance. Researchers observed an increase in the resilient modulus as the curing time increased but that an increase in application rate, as suggested by manufacturers, did not improve the performance of the enzymes. The study also suggests noticeable differences between the two enzymes and their effects on the soils in terms of resilient modulus and the stiffness of the soil.

Analysis Tools and Rapid Screening Data for Assessing Distortional Fatigue in Steel Bridge Girders

Author : Evan Berglund
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis Tools and Rapid Screening Data for Assessing Distortional Fatigue in Steel Bridge Girders by : Evan Berglund

Download or read book Analysis Tools and Rapid Screening Data for Assessing Distortional Fatigue in Steel Bridge Girders written by Evan Berglund and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government Reports Announcements & Index

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1000 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Structural Hot-Spot Stress Approach to Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components

Author : Erkki Niemi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811055688
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Structural Hot-Spot Stress Approach to Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components by : Erkki Niemi

Download or read book Structural Hot-Spot Stress Approach to Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components written by Erkki Niemi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-28 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides background and guidance on the use of the structural hot-spot stress approach to fatigue analysis. The book also offers Design S-N curves for use with the structural hot-spot stress for a range of weld details, and presents parametric formulas for calculating stress increases due to misalignment and structural discontinuities. Highlighting the extension to structures fabricated from plates and non-tubular sections. The structural hot-spot stress approach focuses on cases of potential fatigue cracking from the weld toe and it has been in use for many years in tubular joints. Following an explanation of the structural hot-spot stress, its definition and its relevance to fatigue, the book describes methods for its determination. It considers stress determination from both finite element analysis and strain gauge measurements, and emphasizes the use of finite element stress analysis, providing guidance on the choice of element type and size for use with either solid or shell elements. Lastly, it illustrates the use of the recommendations in four case studies involving the fatigue assessment of welded structures using the structural hot-spot stress

Fatigue and Fracture

Author : F. C. Campbell
Publisher : ASM International
ISBN 13 : 1615039767
Total Pages : 699 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Fatigue and Fracture by : F. C. Campbell

Download or read book Fatigue and Fracture written by F. C. Campbell and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book emphasizes the physical and practical aspects of fatigue and fracture. It covers mechanical properties of materials, differences between ductile and brittle fractures, fracture mechanics, the basics of fatigue, structural joints, high temperature failures, wear, environmentally-induced failures, and steps in the failure analysis process."--publishers website.

Finite Element Approach to the Nondestructive Evaluation of a Slab-on-girder Bridge

Author : Jose Luis Rodriguez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (338 download)

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Book Synopsis Finite Element Approach to the Nondestructive Evaluation of a Slab-on-girder Bridge by : Jose Luis Rodriguez

Download or read book Finite Element Approach to the Nondestructive Evaluation of a Slab-on-girder Bridge written by Jose Luis Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fatigue Assessment of Welded Joints by Local Approaches

Author : Dieter Radaj
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1845691881
Total Pages : 661 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Fatigue Assessment of Welded Joints by Local Approaches by : Dieter Radaj

Download or read book Fatigue Assessment of Welded Joints by Local Approaches written by Dieter Radaj and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2006-10-30 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local approaches to fatigue assessment are used to predict the structural durability of welded joints, to optimise their design and to evaluate unforeseen joint failures. This standard work provides a systematic survey of the principles and practical applications of the various methods. It covers the hot spot structural stress approach to fatigue in general, the notch stress and notch strain approach to crack initiation and the fracture mechanics approach to crack propagation. Seam-welded and spot-welded joints in structural steels and aluminium alloys are also considered.This completely reworked second edition takes into account the tremendous progress in understanding and applying local approaches which has been achieved in the last decade. It is a standard reference for designers, structural analysts and testing engineers who are responsible for the fatigue-resistant in-service behaviour of welded structures. Completely reworked second edition of a standard work providing a systematic survey of the principles and practical applications of the various methods Covers the hot spot structural stress approach to fatigue in general, the notch stress and notch strain approach to crack initiation and the fracture mechanics approach to crack propagation. Written by a distinguished team of authors

Témoignage de l'église de Laon sur la Constitution Unigenitus, ou Lettres d'un très grand nombre de chanoines et de curez de ce diocèse ...

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (491 download)

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Book Synopsis Témoignage de l'église de Laon sur la Constitution Unigenitus, ou Lettres d'un très grand nombre de chanoines et de curez de ce diocèse ... by :

Download or read book Témoignage de l'église de Laon sur la Constitution Unigenitus, ou Lettres d'un très grand nombre de chanoines et de curez de ce diocèse ... written by and published by . This book was released on 1717 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Field Testing and Finite Element Analysis of Retrofit Methods for Distortion-induced Fatigue in Steel Bridges

Author : Yared Shifferaw Bayleyegn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (631 download)

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Book Synopsis Field Testing and Finite Element Analysis of Retrofit Methods for Distortion-induced Fatigue in Steel Bridges by : Yared Shifferaw Bayleyegn

Download or read book Field Testing and Finite Element Analysis of Retrofit Methods for Distortion-induced Fatigue in Steel Bridges written by Yared Shifferaw Bayleyegn and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crack formation due to out-of-plane distortion in the web-gap region has been a common occurrence in multi-girder steel bridges. These cracks result from the fatigue stresses that are induced in the web-gap due to cyclic diaphragm forces resulting from differential deflections between girders. The study presented herein investigated the different repair methods that can be used to control formation of these cracks. The study involved field testing and analytical modeling of a skewed multi-girder steel bridge designated as Design No. 1283, which is built on county road D-180 that crosses over I-380 in the state of Iowa. Different repair methods were suggested to reduce the induced stresses and strains in the web-gap under truck loads. These methods included loosening of the bolts connecting the cross-bracing to the stiffener, connecting the stiffener to the girder top flange or adding another stiffener on the opposite side of the girder web. The results indicated that the first two of these repair alternatives were effective in reducing induced stresses and strains in the web-gap region. The impact of web-gap height on the distortion induced in the web-gap was also studied. Furthermore, influence surfaces for different responses such as, web-gap strains, stresses, out-of-plane displacements at critical locations, and forces in the adjacent diaphragm were developed. Moreover, relationships between the relative out-of-plane displacements and vertical stresses induced within the web-gap region were also provided. These developed relationships and surfaces serve as a quick estimate of induced stresses at critical locations in other web-gap regions of the bridge.

Maintenance, Safety, Risk, Management and Life-Cycle Performance of Bridges

Author : Nigel Powers
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351745964
Total Pages : 5447 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis Maintenance, Safety, Risk, Management and Life-Cycle Performance of Bridges by : Nigel Powers

Download or read book Maintenance, Safety, Risk, Management and Life-Cycle Performance of Bridges written by Nigel Powers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 5447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintenance, Safety, Risk, Management and Life-Cycle Performance of Bridges contains lectures and papers presented at the Ninth International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS 2018), held in Melbourne, Australia, 9-13 July 2018. This volume consists of a book of extended abstracts and a USB card containing the full papers of 393 contributions presented at IABMAS 2018, including the T.Y. Lin Lecture, 10 Keynote Lectures, and 382 technical papers from 40 countries. The contributions presented at IABMAS 2018 deal with the state of the art as well as emerging concepts and innovative applications related to the main aspects of bridge maintenance, safety, risk, management and life-cycle performance. Major topics include: new design methods, bridge codes, heavy vehicle and load models, bridge management systems, prediction of future traffic models, service life prediction, residual service life, sustainability and life-cycle assessments, maintenance strategies, bridge diagnostics, health monitoring, non-destructive testing, field testing, safety and serviceability, assessment and evaluation, damage identification, deterioration modelling, repair and retrofitting strategies, bridge reliability, fatigue and corrosion, extreme loads, advanced experimental simulations, and advanced computer simulations, among others. This volume provides both an up-to-date overview of the field of bridge engineering and significant contributions to the process of more rational decision-making on bridge maintenance, safety, risk, management and life-cycle performance of bridges for the purpose of enhancing the welfare of society. The Editors hope that these Proceedings will serve as a valuable reference to all concerned with bridge structure and infrastructure systems, including students, researchers and engineers from all areas of bridge engineering.

Analysis of Distortion-induced Fatigue Cracking of a Trapezoidal Steel Box Girder Bridge Including Retrofit Investigation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781109386073
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Distortion-induced Fatigue Cracking of a Trapezoidal Steel Box Girder Bridge Including Retrofit Investigation by :

Download or read book Analysis of Distortion-induced Fatigue Cracking of a Trapezoidal Steel Box Girder Bridge Including Retrofit Investigation written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distortion induced fatigue is a common problem for aging steel bridges. The distortion creates secondary bending stresses at web gap locations that are not accounted for in design, thereby initiating fatigue cracks. A large number of such distortion-induced fatigue cracks have recently been found on Delaware Bridge 1-501 in Newport, Delaware. This multi box steel tub girder bridge has cracking that has initiated in the weld which connects the web to the internal bracing via connection plates. To investigate this problem, global finite element models of two of the bridge's spans were created. In order to calibrate the models for use in analysis, a diagnostic load test was performed using strain transducers to measure strains associated with bending of the girders. Once the models were found to reasonably represent the actual response of the structure, the model was then refined for local modeling of the web gap region. As expected, stresses within the gap were found to be large. Reduction of the stresses within these gap locations is required to increase the remaining life of the bridge. Several retrofit methods were designed to accomplish this stress reduction, based on effective retrofits used to correct similar problems in the past. These retrofit methods include drilling holes at the crack tips, positively attaching the connection plates to flanges, increasing the length of the web gaps, and removing the diagonal elements in the diaphragms. The retrofits were modeled and analyzed under fatigue loading and the resulting stresses were compared to the original structure. Of these methods, the positive attachment was found to be most effective in reducing the web gap stresses; however, all of the approaches provided significant reductions in the stress range. Recommendations for applying this type of retrofit detail along with the drilling of holes at the end of crack tips are provided.

IIW Recommendations On Methods for Improving the Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints

Author : P J Haagensen
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782420657
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (824 download)

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Book Synopsis IIW Recommendations On Methods for Improving the Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints by : P J Haagensen

Download or read book IIW Recommendations On Methods for Improving the Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints written by P J Haagensen and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-25 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The weld toe is a primary source of fatigue cracking because of the severity of the stress concentration it produces. Weld toe improvement can increase the fatigue strength of new structures significantly. It can also be used to repair or upgrade existing structures. However, in practice there have been wide variations in the actual improvements in fatigue strength achieved. Based on an extensive testing programme organised by the IIW, this report reviews the main methods for weld toe improvement to increase fatigue strength: burr grinding, TIG dressing and hammer and needle peening. The report provides specifications for the practical use of each method, including equipment, weld preparation and operation. It also offers guidance on inspection, quality control and training as well as assessments of fatigue strength and thickness effects possible with each technique. IIW recommendations on methods for improving the fatigue strength of welded joints will allow a more consistent use of these methods and more predictable increases in fatigue strength. Provides specifications for the practical use of each weld toe method, including equipment, weld preparation and operation Offers guidance on inspection, quality control and training, as well as assessments of fatigue strength and thickness effects possible with each technique This report will allow a more consistent use of these methods and more predictable increases in fatigue strength