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Finite Element And Reliability Study Of In Plane Behaviour Of Concrete Masonry Infilled Rc Frames
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Book Synopsis FINITE ELEMENT AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF IN-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMES. by : Reza Rahimi
Download or read book FINITE ELEMENT AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF IN-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMES. written by Reza Rahimi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research provides a finite element and reliability study of the in-plane behaviour of masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames. In the first phase of the research, a reliability analysis was conducted to advance the understanding of the effect of the randomness and uncertainty of masonry materials on the lateral resistance of masonry infill walls from a probabilistic approach. A computationally efficient and robust finite element model was developed in OpenSees and validated using the experimental results obtained in the same research group. Coupled with the Monte-Carlo simulation techniques, the model was used to estimate the failure probability of infilled frames with a spatially varying random field of masonry compressive strength. After 1000 simulations, the resulted failure probability distribution of the infilled frames led to a new recommendation on the masonry resistance reduction factor. Despite the efficiency of the OpenSees model, running simulations of the random fields on the infilled frames on an advanced work station, with 40 Central Processing Units (CPUs) and 128 GBs of memory, took three months to complete. It became evident that a better-performing computing technology was needed for any meaningful reliability analysis of this magnitude. This motivated the second phase of the research. In the second phase, an open-source and modular finite element library for estimating the behaviour of infilled frames was developed. The main feature of the library was to be able to significantly accelerate the numerical simulations for structural applications in general and with a focus on masonry infilled RC frames. The specific algorithms, encoded in C++, were developed for the library to be able to run on either central processing units or graphical processing units (GPUs). The library adopted an advanced smeared crack modelling technique, the Distressed Stress Field Method (DSFM), for modelling of the masonry infilled RC frames. A comparison with the experimental results showed that the DSFM was successfully incorporated in the analysis of masonry infilled RC frames. The performance of the developed library in accelerating the model run speed was demonstrated through comparisons of run speed using a CPU and several commercially available GPUs. It was shown that GPU devices with adequate memory space can lead to significant model run speedup compared with a CPU. The degree of speed-up was highly dependent on the number of elements used in the finite element model and the number of processing core available in the parallel architecture. The greater the number of elements used in the model, the greater rate of acceleration will be achieved.
Book Synopsis NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE IN-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE MASONRY INFILLS BOUNDED BY STEEL FRAMES. by : Chen, Xi
Download or read book NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE IN-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE MASONRY INFILLS BOUNDED BY STEEL FRAMES. written by Chen, Xi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A finite element study was conducted to investigate the in-plane behaviour and strength of masonry infills bounded by steel frames with the focus on the effect of several influential parameters. In this study, two finite element models were developed using commercial software ANSYS adopting the simplified micro-modelling approach. The main difference of two models resided in the modeling technique used for simulating the mortar effect. The first model adopted a user-defined linkage element for mortar effect simulation whereas this was modelled by cohesive zone interface contact pairs in the second model. Both models were validated against experimental results available in the literature. Following the validation, the models were used in a series of studies to investigate the effect of several parameters on the stiffness and strength of infilled steel frames. For the infill opening study, it was found that the presence of openings decreased the in-plane stiffness and strength of the infill, and the degree of this reduction was associated with the location of the opening. For the vertical loading study, it was found that when applied as a uniformly distributed load on the frame beam, the vertical load had an optimal load level and within this level, the vertical load was found to be beneficial to the lateral stiffness and strength of the infilled frame. When applied as point loads on columns, the vertical load was shown to reduce the lateral strength of the infilled frame. For the interfacial gap study, it was found that the top beam-infill gap was more detrimental to the stiffness and strength of infill than the side column-infill gaps. Gap(s) had less effect on infills bounded by weak frames than strong frames. In most cases, the reduction factor for the gap effect specified in the American masonry standard (MSJC 2013) produced conservative estimates for both the stiffness and strength. For the material and geometric property study, it was found that while grouting was beneficial to both the stiffness and strength of the infill, the loaded corner cells need to be grouted to achieve the maximum benefit. In terms of increasing stiffness and strength of the infills, the joint reinforcement showed a noticeable effect while the vertical reinforcement had almost negligible effect. Frame column stiffness had a greater effect on the behaviour of infilled system than the frame beam stiffness. However, the net strength of infill was less affected by either column or beam stiffness. Compared with the finite element results, the American masonry standard (MSJC 2013) generally underestimated the stiffness and strength of infills while the Canadian masonry standard (CSA S304-14) achieved a much better agreement. Simplified analytical equations to account for the effect of the size and location of window openings; the uniformly distributed vertical load; and the size and location of gaps have been proposed respectively based on the regression analysis on finite element results. The proposed methods were shown to provide good agreement with both experimental and finite element results.
Book Synopsis Non-ductile Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infill Panels Subjected to In-plane Loading by : Ghassan Khuzaai Al-Chaar
Download or read book Non-ductile Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infill Panels Subjected to In-plane Loading written by Ghassan Khuzaai Al-Chaar and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lessons learned from earthquakes in the last 50 years have spurred changes in building seismic code requirements, making it necessary to determine the seismic vulnerability of old military structures. This study addresses a popular type of building in high seismic zones that has lateral load-resisting systems constructed from reinforced concrete (R/C) frames with masonry infill panels. An experimental program was carried out to evaluate this structural system. Five single-story half-scale laboratory models with different numbers of bays were constructed. The five models represent: a single-bay bare frame, single-bay with concrete masonry unit (CMU) infill, single-bay with brick infill, double-bay with CMU infill, and triple-bay with brick infill. These models were fully instrumented and tested under lateral in-plane loading to failure. Non-linear finite element analyses were carried out on the experimental models. Load-deflection curves for finite element analysis (FEA) reasonably predicted experimental behavior of specimens in terms of deflection. Ultimate failure load corresponding to each specimen was predicted with accuracy. Finally, a new idealized analytical model was proposed to determine the capacity evaluation of this structural system. Post-yield behavior, residual strength, and the effects of bay multiplicity on structural behavior are also presented.
Book Synopsis Non-ductile Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infill Panels Subjected to In-plane Loading by : Ghassan Al-Chaar
Download or read book Non-ductile Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infill Panels Subjected to In-plane Loading written by Ghassan Al-Chaar and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lessons learned from earthquakes in the last 50 years have spurred changes in building seismic code requirements, making it necessary to determine the seismic vulnerability of old military structures. This study addresses a popular type of building in high seismic zones that has lateral load-resisting systems constructed from reinforced concrete (R/C) frames with masonry infill panels. An experimental program was carried out to evaluate this structural system. Five single-story half-scale laboratory models with different numbers of bays were constructed. The five models represent: a single-bay bare frame, single-bay with concrete masonry unit (CMU) infill, single-bay with brick infill, double-bay with CMU infill, and triple-bay with brick infill. These models were fully instrumented and tested under lateral in-plane loading to failure. Non-linear finite element analyses were carried out on the experimental models. Load-deflection curves for finite element analysis (FEA) reasonably predicted experimental behavior of specimens in terms of deflection. Ultimate failure load corresponding to each specimen was predicted with accuracy. Finally, a new idealized analytical model was proposed to determine the capacity evaluation of this structural system. Post-yield behavior, residual strength, and the effects of bay multiplicity on structural behavior are also presented.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of the In-Plane Behaviour of Concrete Masonry Infills Bounded by Reinforced Masonry Frames by : Saber Agaei Foroushani
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of the In-Plane Behaviour of Concrete Masonry Infills Bounded by Reinforced Masonry Frames written by Saber Agaei Foroushani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was carried out to investigate the in-plane behaviour of all-masonry infilled frames, i.e., concrete masonry infills bounded by reinforced masonry frames. To this end, six specimens including one masonry bare frame and five all-masonry infilled frame specimens were subjected to lateral loading applied at the frame top beam level to failure. The parameters studied included masonry infill strength, infill reinforcement, and presence of vertical loading. Masonry infill strength study considered a regular and a weaker strength of infills; infill reinforcement study considered two scenarios of horizontal reinforcement in the infill where one was the bed joint reinforcement implemented every other course in the infill and the other was the two bond beams implemented in the infill; and vertical load study involved one specimen under combined vertical and lateral loading where the vertical load was applied to the top beam and held constant while the lateral loading was increased to the specimen failure. Load vs. displacement response, cracking pattern and load, and failure mode and ultimate load for each specimen were obtained and discussed in detail. The experimental results were used to evaluate the validity of stiffness and strength provisions contained in the Canadian (CSA S304.14) and American (TMS 402/602.16) masonry design standards. The performance of specimens was also compared with the infills of the same geometry but bounded by RC frames. For all infilled frame specimens, the final failure mode seems to be controlled by severe diagonal cracking extending into the boundary columns or a combination of diagonal cracking and shear sliding as in the case of horizontally reinforced infills. No evident corner crushing was observed. An increase in infill strength increased the ultimate load of the infilled frame but showed no evident correlation with the infill-frame system stiffness. Implementing infill reinforcement did not have a significant effect on the ultimate strength but resulted in an increase in both the initial and cracking stiffnesses as well as ductility of the specimen. Presence of vertical load resulted in a marked increase in ultimate load of the infilled specimen but at the expense of a reduced ductility. In general, CSA S304-14 overestimated whereas TMS 402/602 underestimated the stiffness with a similar range of disparity to the test results. In the case of strength prediction, CSA S304 performed better than TMS 402/602 with predicted values closer to the test results. The comparison with infilled RC frames showed that behaviour, strength, and ductility of all-masonry infilled frames are similar to, and in some cases, slightly better than infilled RC frames.
Book Synopsis A Plane Frame-finite Element Analysis for the Interaction of a Space Frame and Concrete Masonry Infill Wall System by : José S. Molina
Download or read book A Plane Frame-finite Element Analysis for the Interaction of a Space Frame and Concrete Masonry Infill Wall System written by José S. Molina and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE MASONRY INFILLED FRAMES. by : Chongyang Wang
Download or read book EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE MASONRY INFILLED FRAMES. written by Chongyang Wang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents an integral part of an on-going research on out-of-plane behaviour of masonry infills, this study was motivated to augment the existing experimental database on out-of-plane behaviour and strength of masonry infills by expanding on the variations on the parameters, and to assess the efficacy of existing analytical methods for infill out-of-plane strength calculation. A total of five scaled masonry infilled frame specimens including four masonry infilled RC frames and one masonry infilled steel frame were tested to failure under uniformly distributed out-of-plane loading. Parameters considered for the RC frame specimens included infill opening (door opening), prior in-plane damage, and gaps at either frame-to-beam or frame-to-column interfaces. Experimental results showed that all studied parameters have a significant effect on the out-of-plane behaviour and strength of infills.
Book Synopsis EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMES. by : Reza Sepasdar
Download or read book EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMES. written by Reza Sepasdar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents results of an experimental study focusing on the out-of-plane behaviour and strength of concrete masonry infills bounded by reinforced concrete frames. A total of four specimens was tested with different parameters. One was considered as a control specimen; one was built with a window opening in the infill; and the other two had sustained damage caused by either prior in-plane or out-of-plane loading. Of two specimens with prior damage, one was first subjected to in-plane loading until occurrence of a major diagonal crack, and then tested under out-of-plane pressure to failure. The other was first subjected to out-of-plane pressure until occurrence of a major horizontal crack, and then tested under in-plane loading to failure. The specimen details, test setup, and procedure are described. The experimental results were presented and discussed. The effect of parameters as well as the effectiveness of existing analytical methods is examined.
Book Synopsis Behavior of Unbounded Post- tensioned Masonry Walls by : Reza Hassanli
Download or read book Behavior of Unbounded Post- tensioned Masonry Walls written by Reza Hassanli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on a comprehensive analytical, experimental and numerical study on the flexural response of post-tensioned masonry walls under in-plane loads. It explores an important mechanism in this new generation of structural walls, called “Self-centering”. This mechanism can reduce residual drifts and structural damage during earthquake ground motion, and is particularly favorable for structures which are designed for immediate occupancy performance levels. The book reports on the development and verification of a finite element model of post-tensioned masonry walls. It describes a detailed parametric study to predict the strength of post-tensioned masonry walls. New design methodologies and expressions are developed to predict the flexural strength and force-displacement response of post-tensioned masonry. Experimental study is carried out to better understand the behavior of post-tensioned masonry walls and also to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed design procedure and expressions. The book also includes an introduction to current research on unbounded post-tensioned masonry walls, together with an extensive analysis of previously published test results.
Book Synopsis EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF INTERFACIAL GAPS ON THE IN-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMES. by : Chuanjia Hu
Download or read book EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF INTERFACIAL GAPS ON THE IN-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMES. written by Chuanjia Hu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis IN-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMES WITH INTERFACIAL GAPS SUBJECTED TO QUASI-STATIC LOADING. by : Ryan Steeves
Download or read book IN-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMES WITH INTERFACIAL GAPS SUBJECTED TO QUASI-STATIC LOADING. written by Ryan Steeves and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research on masonry infilled frames has shown that the presence of infill-to-frame interfacial gaps and infill openings can affect the in-plane strength and stiffness of the infilled frame system. However, most of these studies used infilled steel frames, and subjected to monotonic loading. The parameters in terms of gap magnitude and location were also limited. For design, the American Standard, MSJC 2013, allows for infilled frames with a gap of less than 9.5 mm located at the frame top beam and infill interface to be considered as participating infills in lateral load resistance, but in this case, a 0.5 reduction factor shall be applied to the design strength and stiffness of the infill. The Canadian standard, CSA S304-14, requires that no gaps be present at the infill to bounding frame interface for the infill to be considered participating in lateral load resistance. This study was motivated to further investigate the effects of interfacial gaps and infill openings on the in-plane behaviour of masonry infilled frames. To augment the existing database, this study focused on reinforced concrete (RC) frames and adopted cyclic loading scheme. Four scaled masonry infilled RC frame specimens, as well as one bare RC frame specimen, were subject to quasi-static cyclic loading to failure. The four infilled frame specimens had the following interfacial gap scenarios: 1) a gap at the top beam-infill interface of 12 and 25 mm, respectively; 2) a gap at the column-infill interfaces of 12 mm (6 mm gap on each side); and 3) a full separation gap of 12 mm with 12 mm gap at the beam-infill and 12 mm at column-infill interfaces (6 mm gap on each side). Of the infilled specimens, two specimens also had a window opening accounting for 16% of the infill area. Quasi-static loading followed the ATC-24 loading protocol in order to measure cyclic response. Results from a previous study (Hu 2015) completed in the same experimental program were used for comparison purpose. Experimental results showed that compared to the bare frame specimen, a noticeable increase in strength and stiffness was observed with presence of infill regardless of the presence of gaps or infill openings. When compared to a specimen with no gaps, a reduction in ultimate strength and stiffness was observed with the presences of gaps. As the beam-to-infill gap size increased, the reduction in ultimate strength also increased; however, the initial stiffness remained virtually the same when gap increased from 12 mm to 25 mm. The presence of openings resulted in significant reduction in ultimate strength and stiffness, however, when both openings and gaps are present, the strength and stiffness reductions as a result of gaps is not as significant. The cyclic loading scheme revealed dynamic characteristics of masonry infilled frames. It was found that masonry infilled frames had greater ductility than that recommended by NBCC 2015 for unreinforced masonry. The ductility of the infilled frame specimens is comparable to that of a RC bare frame. The 0.5 reduction proposed by MSJC 2013 proved to be overly conservative for both ultimate strength and stiffness of infilled frames with gaps.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings by :
Download or read book Guidelines for Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This renamed version of the former Uniform code for building conservation guidelines for retrofitting unreinforced masonry bearing wall buildings, reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry buildings, wood frame residential buildings, and concrete with masonry infill buildings.
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of the In-Plane Behaviour of All-Masonry Infilled Frame Systems Under Lateral Loading by : Seyedali Hosseini
Download or read book Experimental Study of the In-Plane Behaviour of All-Masonry Infilled Frame Systems Under Lateral Loading written by Seyedali Hosseini and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is part of on-going experimental research, aiming to further investigate the in-plane behaviour of concrete masonry infills bounded by reinforced masonry frames (all-masonry infilled frames). A total of six all-masonry infilled frame specimens was tested under in-plane loading applied at the frame top beam level to specimen failure. The parameters studied included vertical loading, infill aspect ratio, presence of interfacial gaps, and cyclic loading. Two levels of vertical load were studied where the vertical load was applied through frame columns and held constant while the lateral load was monotonically increased to the specimen failure. In the infill aspect ratio study, two specimens with different aspect ratios (one squat and one slender) were constructed and tested under monotonic lateral loading. The last two specimens had window openings and pre-defined gaps and were tested under cyclic lateral loading.
Book Synopsis Non-linear Finite Element Modeling of Concrete Masonry-infilled Steel Frames by : Wael Wagih Eldakhakhni
Download or read book Non-linear Finite Element Modeling of Concrete Masonry-infilled Steel Frames written by Wael Wagih Eldakhakhni and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Behaviour of Masonry Infill Walls with and Without Openings by : Nazief Mohammed
Download or read book Behaviour of Masonry Infill Walls with and Without Openings written by Nazief Mohammed and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical modelling of masonry infill walls is a challenging task due to the non-homogenous nature of masonry and the difficulty of accurate modelling of the interface between the masonry units and the interface between the masonry wall and the surrounding frame. To investigate the effect of the full range of influential parameters and their interactions on the behaviour of masonry infill shear walls, an effective finite element technique capable of predicting the whole lateral load-displacement response of masonry infilled frames was developed.
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of Masonry-Infilled Steel Frames Subjected to Combined Axial and In-Plane Lateral Loading by : Pouria Behnam Manesh
Download or read book Experimental Study of Masonry-Infilled Steel Frames Subjected to Combined Axial and In-Plane Lateral Loading written by Pouria Behnam Manesh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Brick and Block Masonry by : Claudio Modena
Download or read book Brick and Block Masonry written by Claudio Modena and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 2558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brick and Block Masonry - Trends, Innovations and Challenges contains the lectures and regular papers presented at the 16th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference (Padova, Italy, 26-30 June 2016). In an ever-changing world, in which innovations are rapidly implemented but soon surpassed, the challenge for masonry, the oldest and most traditional building material, is that it can address the increasingly pressing requirements of quality of living, safety, and sustainability. This abstracts volume and full paper USB device, focusing on challenges, innovations, trends and ideas related to masonry, in both research and building practice, will proof to be a valuable source of information for researchers and practitioners, masonry industries and building management authorities, construction professionals and educators.
