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Author : Scott R. Rostek
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (697 download)
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Distortional Web Stresses in a Skewed Plate Girder Bridge written by Scott R. Rostek and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Huijuan Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (724 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Girder Differential Deflection and Web Gap Stress for Rapid Assessment of Distortional Fatigue in Multi-girder Steel Bridges written by Huijuan Li and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distortion-induced fatigue cracking in unstiffened web gaps is common in steel bridges. Previous research by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) developed methods to predict the peak web gap stress and maximum differential deflection based upon field data and finite element analyses from two skew supported steel bridges with staggered bent-plate and cross-brace diaphragms, respectively. This project aimed to test the applicability of the proposed methods to a varied spectrum of bridges in the Mn/DOT inventory. An entire bridge model (macro-model) and a model encompassing a portion of the bridge surrounding the diaphragm (micro-model) were calibrated for two instrumented bridges. Dual-level analyses using the macroand micro-models were performed to account for the uncertainties of boundary conditions. Parameter studies were conducted on the prototypical variations of the bridge models to define the sensitivity of diaphragm stress responses to typical diaphragm and bridge details. Based on these studies, the coefficient in the web gap stress formula was calibrated and a linear prediction of the coefficient was proposed for bridges with different span lengths. Additionally, the prediction of differential deflection was calibrated to include the influence of crossbrace diaphragms, truck loading configurations and additional sidewalk railings. A simple approximation was also proposed for the influence of web gap lateral deflection on web gap stress. This research studied the effect of two enzymes as soil stabilizers on two soil types to determine how and under what conditions they function. Researchers evaluated the chemical composition, mode of action, resilient modulus, and shear strength to determine the effects of the enzymes A and B on the soils I and II. The enzymes produced a high concentration of protein and observations suggest the enzymes behave like a surfactant, which effects its stabilization performance. The specimens were subjected to testing of varying lengths of time to determine their performance. Researchers observed an increase in the resilient modulus as the curing time increased but that an increase in application rate, as suggested by manufacturers, did not improve the performance of the enzymes. The study also suggests noticeable differences between the two enzymes and their effects on the soils in terms of resilient modulus and the stiffness of the soil.
Author : Daniel Gattner Linzell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)
Download or read book Prediction of Movement and Stresses in Curved and Skewed Bridges written by Daniel Gattner Linzell and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Evan Berglund
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Analysis Tools and Rapid Screening Data for Assessing Distortional Fatigue in Steel Bridge Girders written by Evan Berglund and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Benjamin Severtson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (631 download)
Download or read book Rapid Assessment of Distortional Stresses in Multi-girder Steel Bridges written by Benjamin Severtson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-girder steel bridges are found as part of the transportation infrastructure of countries throughout the world. These bridges are typically constructed with a steel reinforced concrete deck rigidly attached to the top flange of steel girders. The deck and the transverse steel members distribute loads laterally between bridge girders. The weld connecting transverse stiffeners to the girder web are commonly terminated several inches away from the girder flanges to avoid overlapping with the web-to-flange connection weld, leaving a short, unstiffened portion of the girder web-the web gap. The large flexibility of the web gap region relative to the other components forces it to accommodate the majority of the distortion. Since 1998, several research efforts have investigated methods for predicting the amount of web gap stress a bridge will experience during its service life. Phase I of this research resulted in a simple equation for estimating web gap stress using data collected during field testing and subsequent finite modeling of a skew supported bridge with staggering bent-plate diaphragms. Phase II produced an approximate method for predicting diaphragm differential deflection of skew supported bridges with bent-plate diaphragms. The combined result of Phase I and Phase II was a useful method for predicting peak web gap stress in skewed multi-girder steel bridges with staggered bent-plate diaphragms. The next step was to develop a reliable procedure for the rapid assessment of distortional stresses in steel bridges that includes a test of the applicability of this procedure to bridges with geometries differing from those that formed the basis of the previous research. As a consequence of this most current research, the authors propose changes and recommend modifications of previously developed methods of field measurement and assessment.
Author : Ehab Ellobody
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 044318996X
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel–Concrete Composite Bridges written by Ehab Ellobody and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-01-25 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges is brought fully up-to-date and provides structural engineers, academics, practitioners, and researchers with a detailed, robust, and comprehensive combined finite modeling and design approach. The book’s eight chapters begin with an overview of the various forms of modern steel and steel-concrete composite bridges, current design codes (American, British, and Eurocodes), nonlinear material behavior of the bridge components, and applied loads and stability of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges. This is followed by self-contained chapters concerning design examples of steel and steel-concrete composite bridge components as well as finite element modeling of the bridges and their components. The final chapter focuses on finite element analysis and the design of composite highway bridges with profiled steel sheeting. This volume will serve as a valuable reference source addressing the issues, problems, challenges, and questions on how to enhance the design of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges, including highway bridges with profiled steel sheeting, using finite element modeling techniques. Provides all necessary information to understand relevant terminologies and finite element modeling for steel and composite bridges Discusses new designs and materials used in highway and railway bridge Illustrates how to relate the design guidelines and finite element modeling based on internal forces and nominal stresses Explains what should be the consistent approach when developing nonlinear finite element analysis for steel and composite bridges Contains extensive case studies on combining finite element analysis with design for steel and steel-concrete composite bridges, including highway bridges with profiled steel sheeting
Author : Dmitri Jajich
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Distortion-induced Fatigue in Multi-girder Steel Bridges written by Dmitri Jajich and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the findings of a project with the following goals: to implement a field instrumentation and monitoring program for a typical multi-girder steel bridge on skew supports that may be susceptible to web-gap distortion; to assess the frequency and magnitude of the distortional fatigue stresses at the web-stiffener connections; and to evaluate the impact of these stresses on fatigue life. Measurements from 12 independent strain gauges were continuously monitored and recorded for more than three months on Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) bridge #27734. Truck loading tests also were conducted. Predicted web-gap fatigue life based on the long-term monitoring data from Mn/DOT bridge #27734 ranges from 45 to 75 years. Comparison of web-gap stresses with primary design stresses reveals that web-gap distortional stresses are comparatively high. The report also highlights a detailed finite element study to better understand the web-gap stress mechanism and to compare experimental results with theoretical predictions. Study results have important implications for investigators of distortion-induced web-gap fatigue. They indicate that the actual stress at the so-called hotspot may be as much as twice the stress measured at the strain gauge. The report includes a method for estimating girder deflections and web-gap stress.
Author : Yared Shifferaw Bayleyegn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (631 download)
Download or read book Field Testing and Finite Element Analysis of Retrofit Methods for Distortion-induced Fatigue in Steel Bridges written by Yared Shifferaw Bayleyegn and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crack formation due to out-of-plane distortion in the web-gap region has been a common occurrence in multi-girder steel bridges. These cracks result from the fatigue stresses that are induced in the web-gap due to cyclic diaphragm forces resulting from differential deflections between girders. The study presented herein investigated the different repair methods that can be used to control formation of these cracks. The study involved field testing and analytical modeling of a skewed multi-girder steel bridge designated as Design No. 1283, which is built on county road D-180 that crosses over I-380 in the state of Iowa. Different repair methods were suggested to reduce the induced stresses and strains in the web-gap under truck loads. These methods included loosening of the bolts connecting the cross-bracing to the stiffener, connecting the stiffener to the girder top flange or adding another stiffener on the opposite side of the girder web. The results indicated that the first two of these repair alternatives were effective in reducing induced stresses and strains in the web-gap region. The impact of web-gap height on the distortion induced in the web-gap was also studied. Furthermore, influence surfaces for different responses such as, web-gap strains, stresses, out-of-plane displacements at critical locations, and forces in the adjacent diaphragm were developed. Moreover, relationships between the relative out-of-plane displacements and vertical stresses induced within the web-gap region were also provided. These developed relationships and surfaces serve as a quick estimate of induced stresses at critical locations in other web-gap regions of the bridge.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (186 download)
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Fatigue Prone Details of the Tuttle Creek Bridge written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many older steel girder bridges exhibit distortion-induced fatigue cracking at the cross-frame to girder connections. In a two-girder bridge like the Tuttle Creek Bridge there are no redundant load paths and this problem is of even greater concern. The primary girders of the bridge structure are fatigue critical elements and even when such cracks are relatively small they must be examined extensively. The Tuttle Creek Bridge, built in 1962, developed distortion-induced fatigue cracks in the web gap region. The crack prevention repairs of 1986 were not effective and continued crack growth was observed. The bridge was again repaired recently in the summer of 2005. A finite element study is performed in this study for a typical intermediate girder span, to characterize the behavior of fatigue critical details and to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly installed retrofits. A dual-level finite element analysis was performed using macro-level models of the entire bridge structure and micro-level models of some portions of the bridge under investigation. The finite element procedure was found to be efficient and accurate. The models were calibrated using field strain data obtained from two field tests done before and after the retrofits. The analytical results were in good agreement with the measured field data. The analysis shows that the top flange web gap region is the most susceptible to distortion-induced fatigue. The study successfully explains the observed crack patterns on the bridge. The study indicates a significant reduction in web gap stresses after the retrofit. The retrofit also reduces stresses in the gusset plate region and eliminates the stress concentration near the weld terminations. Based upon the most critical detail and assuming that the traffic volume doubles from the present ADTT of 65, the service life of the bridge is estimated to be over one hundred years.
Author :
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309258391
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 725: Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges offers guidance on the appropriate level of analysis needed to determine the constructability and constructed geometry of curved and skewed steel girder bridges. When appropriate in lieu of a 3D analysis, the guidelines also introduce improvements to 1D and 2D analyses that require little additional computational costs."--Publication information.
Author : John W. Fisher
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 9780309048590
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (485 download)
Download or read book Distortion-induced Fatigue Cracking in Steel Bridges written by John W. Fisher and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1990 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael G. Oliva
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Deep Wide-flanged Pre-stressed Girders to Understand and Control End Cracking written by Michael G. Oliva and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mark R. Wallace
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (5 download)
Download or read book Skew Parameter Studies written by Mark R. Wallace and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James Zhou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (939 download)
Download or read book Skewed Steel Bridges written by James Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lateral flange bending stresses can arise from a number of sources, such as wind loading or eccentric concrete placement, but of particular interest are lateral flange bending stresses, fl, that occur due to skew. Lateral flange bending stresses that occur in skewed bridge systems tend to develop due to lateral forces transferred through cross frames which may connect adjacent girders at different span points. In lieu of a refined analysis, the AASHTO (2010) LRFD Bridge Design Specifications currently permit engineers examining bridges skewed more than 20° to use a minimum value of fl = 10 ksi for an interior girder and fl = 7.5 ksi for an exterior girder. The estimates for fl provided within the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications are based on a limited data set for skewed bridges. Additionally, since the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications state that cross frames or diaphragms should be placed in a staggered configuration when a bridge is skewed more than 20°, the approximate values provided for fl should not be expected to be indicative of the lateral flange bending stresses experienced when cross frames are instead carried parallel to the skew in bridges skewed beyond 20°. The authors have performed a study to investigate the effects of cross frame orientation and skew angle upon lateral flange bending stresses, by examining lateral flange bending stresses in a suite of detailed 3D solid finite element analyses of skewed bridge systems, in which cross frame layout, spacing, and skew angle were varied. The findings of this study showed that cross frames placed parallel to the angle of skew produced significantly lower values for fl than cases in which cross frames were placed perpendicular to the girder line and staggered. Both reducing the skew angle and decreasing cross frame spacing were found to reduce lateral flange bending stresses. The values of lateral flange bending stress for all configurations were greater than the bounds of the approximate values suggested by AASHTO.
Author : Steffen P. Groesgen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)
Download or read book Finite Element Based Fatigue Evaluation of Cope Holes in Bridge Girders written by Steffen P. Groesgen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kansas Department of Transportation requested a study to examine the fatigue behavior of cope holes specifically to answer the question as to which AASHTO fatigue category governs cope holes. The goal of this project is to supplement the AASHTO Bridge Design Specification by providing experimental and analytical information for designers as to how to categorize cope holes in welded steel girders. The stress field in an idealized smooth cope hole, as well as a representative actual flame cut cope hole, was determined in an actual beam. The resulting stress field, as determined with experimental stress analysis techniques, revealed a serious stress concentration located near the top of the cope hole in the web. This stress field was confirmed in a comprehensive finite element study of a section of the beam assembly using both 2-D and 3-D analysis.
Author : Asmaa Taha Ibrahim Abo Alouk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (797 download)
Download or read book Investigation of the Performance of a Skewed Steel Bridge with and Without Cross-frames written by Asmaa Taha Ibrahim Abo Alouk and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to this test, another test was previously conducted for the same bridge with the presence of the intermediate cross-frame, which gave an opportunity to compare the bridge's performance with and without cross-frames. The difference in the distribution factor between the bridge with the cross-frame and the bridge without them was less than or equal to 5%, according to the results of the comparison. Field data shows that the bridge with the cross-frames is subjected to higher lateral and warping stresses than the bridge without them. In addition to the field tests, a finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted, and compared to the field data. The FEA predictions closely match the field data. In addition, The FEA showed that at the inelastic load level, the cross-frames did not contribute to redistributing the load, as these cross-frames yielded much earlier than the heavily loaded girder. Finally, a unique finding in this study was that cross-frames induce concentrated major-axis bending moments that change the bridge's expected behavior.
Author : Harold Hughes Bird
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Practical Design of Plate Girder Bridges written by Harold Hughes Bird and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
