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Fine Particle Clay Catalysts For Coal Liquefaction
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Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient production of environmentally acceptable distillate fuels requires catalysts for hydrogenation and cleavage of the coal macromolecules and removal of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur heteroatoms. The goal of the proposed research is to develop new catalysts for the direct liquefaction of coal. This type of catalyst consists of fine clay particles that have been treated with reagents which form pillaring structures between the aluminosilicate layers of the clay. The pillars not only hold the layers apart but also constitute the active catalytic sites for hydrogenation of the coal and solvent used in the liquefaction. The pillaring catalytic sites are composed of pyrrhotite, which has been previously demonstrated to be active for coal liquefaction. The pyrrhotite sites are generated in situ by sulfiding the corresponding oxyiron species. The size of the catalyst will be less than 40 nm in order to promote intimate contact with the coal material. Since the clays and reagents for pillaring and activating the clays are inexpensive, the catalysts can be discarded after use, rather than regenerated by a costly process. The proposed work will evaluate methods for preparing the fine particle iron-pillared clay dispersions and for activating the particles to generate the catalysts. Characterization studies of the pillared clays and activated catalysts will performed. The effectiveness of the pillared clay dispersion for hydrogenation and coal liquefaction will be determined in several types of testing. 5 refs., 1 tab.
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Final Technical Report by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, May 8, 1993-August 8, 1993 by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, May 8, 1993-August 8, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, February 9, 1993-May 8, 1993 by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, February 9, 1993-May 8, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Report, May 9, 1991--August 8, 1991 by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Report, May 9, 1991--August 8, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient production of environmentally acceptable distillate fuels requires catalysts for hydrogenation and cleavage of the coal macromolecules and removal of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur heteroatoms. The goal of the proposed research is to develop new catalysts for the direct liquefaction of coal. This type of catalyst consists of fine clay particles that have been treated with reagents which form pillaring structures between the aluminosilicate layers of the clay. The pillars not only hold the layers apart but also constitute the active catalytic sites for hydrogenation of the coal and the solvent used in the liquefaction. The pillaring catalytic sites are composed of pyrrhotite, which has been previously demonstrated to be active for coal liquefaction. The pyrrhotite sites are generated in situ by sulfiding the corresponding oxyiron species. The size of the catalyst will be less than 40 nm in order to promote intimate contact with the coal material. Since the clays and reagents for pillaring and activating the clays are inexpensive, the catalysts can be discarded after use, rather than regenerated by a costly process. The proposed work will evaluate methods for preparing the fine particle iron-pillared clay dispersions and for activating the particles to generate the catalysts. Characterization studies of the pillared clays and activated catalysts will be performed. The effectiveness of the pillared clay dispersion for hydrogenation and coal liquefaction will be determined in several types of testing.
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, November 9, 1991-February 8, 1992 by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, November 9, 1991-February 8, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction by : Edwin S. Olson
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction written by Edwin S. Olson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, February 9, 1992-May 8, 1992 by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, February 9, 1992-May 8, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, November 9, 1992-February 8, 1993 by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, November 9, 1992-February 8, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fine Particles Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Report, May 9, 1992-August 8, 1992 by :
Download or read book Fine Particles Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Report, May 9, 1992-August 8, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, May 9, 1992--August 8, 1992 by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, May 9, 1992--August 8, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of new methods for the production of mixed pillared clay catalysts and clay-supported catalysts and determination of their catalytic activities were continued in this quarter. To demonstrate the reproducibility of the preparative method for high activity iron/alumina-pillared montmorillonite catalysts, a new batch of the catalyst was prepared and tested for hydrocracking activity with bibenzyl. This preparation gave conversion and product distribution similar to that reported previously. The mixed iron/alumina-pillared clay was also prepared using a pillaring solution that was aged for longer period of time. To determine the importance of the type of pillaring support in hydrocracking activity, iron/zirconia-pillared montmorillonite was prepared using the same technique as that for iron/alumina-pillared montmorillonite. The reaction of bibenzyl with the sulfided iron/zirconia-pillared catalyst gave a lower hydrocracking conversion than the iron/alumina-pillared catalyst. Addition of a second catalytic metal to the clay support was attempted to determine if a synergistic effect could improve liquefaction. Ferric nitrate and stannous chloride were added to the clay, but the resulting catalyst was relatively poor for hydrocracking and hydrogenation compared with ferric nitrate supported on the clay. New disposable iron catalysts with high acidity and surface area are desired for coal liquefaction. Synthetic iron aluminosilicates were prepared by methods similar to those used for the nickel-substituted synthetic mica montmorillonite (NiSMM) catalysts, which are very effective for hydrogenation and reforming of hydrocarbons. The iron aluminosilicate catalysts were tested for hydrocracking and hydrogenation of bibenzyl, naphthalene and pyrene. Pyrene hydrogenation was effectively catalyzed by the sulfided synthetic iron catalyst.
Book Synopsis Udkast til Lov om Sundhedspolitiet i Kongeriget Danmark by :
Download or read book Udkast til Lov om Sundhedspolitiet i Kongeriget Danmark written by and published by . This book was released on 1855 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparison of the Activities of Fine-particle Size Catalysts by :
Download or read book Comparison of the Activities of Fine-particle Size Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of Sandia's fine-particle size catalyst testing project are to evaluate and compare the activities of the fine-particle size catalysts being developed in DOE/PETCs Advanced Research Coal Liquefaction Program by using standard coal liquefaction test procedures. The standard procedures use Blind Canyon coal, phenanthrene as the reaction solvent, and a factorial experimental design with temperatures from 350°C to 400°C, reaction times from 20 to 60 minutes, and catalyst loadings up to 1 wt%. Catalytic activity is measured in terms of tetrahydrofuran conversion, heptane conversion, the amount of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene in the product, and the gas yield. Several catalysts have been evaluated including a commercially available pyrite, a sulfated iron oxide from the University of Pittsburgh, and several preparations of 6-line ferrihydrites from Pacific Northwest Laboratories. Results have demonstrated that significant differences in activity can be detected among these catalysts.
Book Synopsis Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Fine-particle, Unsupported Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction by :
Download or read book Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Fine-particle, Unsupported Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of carbonyl-based homogeneous catalyst precursors has been prepared. These species include: Fe(CO)4PPh3, Fe(CO)3(PPh3)2, Fe(CO)2(PPh3)2CS2, S2Fe2(CO)6, S2Fe3(CO)9. Fe(CO)4PPh3 was prepared by a combined photochemical and thermal route from triphenylphosphine (PPh3) in iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5). This preparation procedure, which is selective to the monosubstituted product, is outlined herein. Currently these compounds are being tested as catalysts/catalyst precursors with coal or model compounds in the tubing bomb reactors to provide information relating catalytic activity to catalyst structure and properties. (VC).
Book Synopsis Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Fine-particle, Unsupported Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Technical Progress Report, April 26, 1991--July 26, 1991 by :
Download or read book Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Fine-particle, Unsupported Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Technical Progress Report, April 26, 1991--July 26, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of carbonyl-based homogeneous catalyst precursors has been prepared. These species include: Fe(CO)4PPh3, Fe(CO)3(PPh3)2, Fe(CO)2(PPh3)2CS2, S2Fe2(CO)6, S2Fe3(CO)9. Fe(CO)4PPh3 was prepared by a combined photochemical and thermal route from triphenylphosphine (PPh3) in iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5). This preparation procedure, which is selective to the monosubstituted product, is outlined herein. Currently these compounds are being tested as catalysts/catalyst precursors with coal or model compounds in the tubing bomb reactors to provide information relating catalytic activity to catalyst structure and properties. (VC).
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Reactivity of Ultra-fine Coal Liquefaction Catalysts by :
Download or read book Synthesis and Reactivity of Ultra-fine Coal Liquefaction Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pacific Northwest Laboratory is currently developing ultra-fine iron-based coal liquefaction catalysts using two new particle production technologies: (1) modified reverse micelles (MRM) and (2) rapid thermal decomposition of solutes (RTDS). These methodologies have been shown to allow control over both particle size (from 1 nm to 60 nm) and composition when used to produce ultra-fine iron-based materials. Powders produced using these methods are found to be selective catalysts for carbon-carbon bond scission using the naphthyl bibenzylmethane model compound, and to promote the production of THF soluble coal products during liquefaction studies. This report describes the materials produced by both MRM and the RTDS methods and summarizes the results of preliminary catalysis studies using these materials.
