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Final Solutions
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Book Synopsis Final Solutions by : Benjamin A. Valentino
Download or read book Final Solutions written by Benjamin A. Valentino and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-19 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benjamin A. Valentino finds that ethnic hatreds or discrimination, undemocratic systems of government, and dysfunctions in society play a much smaller role in mass killing and genocide than is commonly assumed. He shows that the impetus for mass killing usually originates from a relatively small group of powerful leaders and is often carried out without the active support of broader society. Mass killing, in his view, is a brutal political or military strategy designed to accomplish leaders' most important objectives, counter threats to their power, and solve their most difficult problems. In order to capture the full scope of mass killing during the twentieth century, Valentino does not limit his analysis to violence directed against ethnic groups, or to the attempt to destroy victim groups as such, as do most previous studies of genocide. Rather, he defines mass killing broadly as the intentional killing of a massive number of noncombatants, using the criteria of 50,000 or more deaths within five years as a quantitative standard. Final Solutions focuses on three types of mass killing: communist mass killings like the ones carried out in the Soviet Union, China, and Cambodia; ethnic genocides as in Armenia, Nazi Germany, and Rwanda; and "counter-guerrilla" campaigns including the brutal civil war in Guatemala and the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Valentino closes the book by arguing that attempts to prevent mass killing should focus on disarming and removing from power the leaders and small groups responsible for instigating and organizing the killing.
Book Synopsis Final Solutions by : Richard M. Lerner
Download or read book Final Solutions written by Richard M. Lerner and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature-nurture debate continues to stir controversy in the social and behavioral sciences. How much of human behavior and development can be attributed to biology and how much to the environment? Can either be said to &“determine&” human development? And what are the implications of each view for society? In this important study, a noted developmental psychologist contributes to this debate by confronting the difficult issue of &“doctrines&” of human development and the consequences for society of deriving political programs and public policy from them. Beginning with the premise that scientific ideas are not neutral but can be used for either good or evil, Richard Lerner considers the recent history of one such idea, biological determinism, which at times has had the backing of respected scientists, intellectuals, and political leaders. During this century, biological determinism has been coupled with political philosophies that hold that some people are inherently better than others. This has meant that certain groups of people&—Jews, Blacks, Native Americans, women&—have been stigmatized because of supposedly innate, even &“biological,&” differences, with sometimes disastrous consequences. The most notorious instance was Nazi Germany, where &“racial science,&” given legitimacy by the scientific community, became a cornerstone of the Nazi &“Final Solution.&” Meanwhile, theories of biological determinism continue to find adherents within the scientific community. Konrad Lorenz, who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1973, was a critical figure in the development of the most recent manifestation of biological determinism&—sociobiology. Lerner examines the work of Lorenz and current sociobiologists and the implications of their claims for modern society. He fears that biological determinism may again be co-opted to serve the political agenda of today&’s reactionary politicians. In fact, Lerner notes, sociobiologists have had to face the fact that organizations such as the fascist National Front party in Britain and its counterparts in France and the United States have selectively seized upon sociobiology to fuel their notions of genetically superior and inferior races.
Download or read book Final Solution written by David Cesarani and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Cesarani’s Final Solution is a magisterial work of history that chronicles the fate of Europe’s Jews. Based on decades of scholarship, documentation newly available from the opening of Soviet archives, declassification of Western intelligence service records, as well as diaries and reports written in the camps, Cesarani provides a sweeping reappraisal that challenges accepted explanations for the anti-Jewish politics of Nazi Germany and the inevitability of the “final solution.” The persecution of the Jews, as Cesarani sees it, was not always the Nazis’ central preoccupation, nor was it inevitable. He shows how, in German-occupied countries, it unfolded erratically, often due to local initiatives. For Cesarani, war was critical to the Jewish fate. Military failure denied the Germans opportunities to expel Jews into a distant territory and created a crisis of resources that led to the starvation of the ghettos and intensified anti-Jewish measures. Looking at the historical record, he disputes the iconic role of railways and deportation trains. From prisoner diaries, he exposes the extent of sexual violence and abuse of Jewish women and follows the journey of some Jewish prisoners to displaced persons camps. David Cesarani’s Final Solution is the new standard chronicle of the fate of a heroic people caught in the hell that was Hitler’s Germany.
Book Synopsis The Final Solution by : David Cesarani
Download or read book The Final Solution written by David Cesarani and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Final Solution clarifies the key questions surrounding the attempt by the Nazis to exterminate the Jews. Drawing on important new research, these authoritative essays focus on the preconditions and antecedents for the 'Final Solution' and examine the immediate origins of the genocidal decision. Contributors also examine the responses of peoples and governments in Germany, occupied Europe, the USA and among Jews worldwide. The controversial conversions of this study challenge many of our accepted ideas about the period.
Book Synopsis Hitler, the Germans, and the Final Solution by : Ian Kershaw
Download or read book Hitler, the Germans, and the Final Solution written by Ian Kershaw and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-05-28 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a comprehensive, multifaceted picture both of the destructive dynamic of the Nazi leadership and of the attitudes and behavior of ordinary Germans as the persecution of the Jews spiraled into total genocide.
Book Synopsis The Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution by : Richard Breitman
Download or read book The Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution written by Richard Breitman and published by Plunkett Lake Press. This book was released on 2022-09-05 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “[A] historian’s carefully researched work, based on a vast array of sources, documenting Hitler’s and Himmler’s responsibility for the murder of European Jewry. The book details the planning and the improvisations, but emphasizes the former and Himmler’s fanatical hatred of the Jewish race as the determinative cause of the Holocaust. Dealing with a charged controversy, Breitman makes a powerful case that by March 1941 ‘the Final Solution was just a matter of time — and timing,’ i.e., that the Holocaust was not a reflex of Hitler’s fear that the war in Russia could not be won. Breitman argues that the Wannsee Conference merely ratified the plans and instructed other agencies to cooperate. Breitman records the instances of resistance or opposition, but notes that of course the cooperation of thousands (many still alive and never tried) and the complicity or silence of millions were needed to carry out the murder... the book concludes that Himmler’s ‘brutality was more learned than instinctive or emotional’ — a methodical murderer impelled by racist dogma.” — Foreign Affairs “Breitman’s book is decisively important... [It] should serve for years to come as required reading for all who wish to make sense of the Holocaust.” — Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, The New Republic “Looking nothing like the Nordic ideal he advocated, Heinrich Himmler, chief of the Nazi SS, was short, flabby and balding — his dull, pedantic exterior disguising the caustic, cowardly, Machiavellian, immensely cruel master of deceit within. Breitman... presents compelling evidence that the extermination of Jews was an early goal of Himmler, a Bavarian and lapsed Catholic, and his boss Adolf Hitler. Drawing on previously untapped German records, as well as other source materials... this engrossing, detailed study constitutes a powerful refutation of revisionist scholars who claim that Hitler did not plan the Final Solution in advance but instead improvised it out of either military or political frustration.” — Publishers Weekly “A truly path-breaking book, one of the few that will have a lasting impact on historical research of the period. It shows both the primacy of Hitler as the motivating force in the mass murder, and the way in which his initiatives were accepted and internalized by the SS, on the basis of ideology.” — Holocaust and Genocide Studies “Chilling, expert history.” — Kirkus “[A]n eminently sensible and judicious study that could well serve as a textbook on the topic.” — The Historian “Breitman’s research [is] meticulous. Especially valuable are his novel insights into the full and frequent communication between Himmler and Hitler, who, it is known, seldom signed an order. Mr. Breitman presents his arguments cogently.” — Michael H. Kater, The New York Times “An absorbing, important book [that] addresses the sequence of steps leading to the Final Solution.” — Financial Times “As Breitman persuasively demonstrates, the situation kept changing, but Hitler was always in charge, and his goals always included ridding his empire of the Jews.” — Los Angeles Times “Breitman is on the hunt for smoking guns. He finds the goods littered throughout Himmler’s speeches and conversations... Breitman shows that people knew.” — Washington Post Book World “The book is chillingly good on the uses and abuses of language to mask atrocity.” — Newsday “Breitman’s study is an important addition to [the] literature [on the origins of the Nazi genocide], one that provides the most likely scenario and settles important disputed questions... Breitman’s study is a major step forward in our understanding of how the Nazis initiated mass murder.” — German Studies Review “[An] important book... I much admire this work, particularly for its resourceful combing of primary material... there is much to learn from this book about the Final Solution, its origins, its implementation, and its hate-inspired architect” — The American Historical Review
Download or read book Final Solutions written by Sabby Sagall and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 'Final Solution' written by Götz Aly and published by Hodder Education. This book was released on 1999 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making extensive use of archives, Aly provides a detailed reconstruction of the Final Solution. He illustrated the lunacy of Nazi race policy and the variety of agencies that went into the gradual shaping of a policy of all-out genocide.
Download or read book Final Solutions written by Mahesh Dattani and published by . This book was released on 2005-07 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Solutions by : Frederick Seidel
Download or read book Final Solutions written by Frederick Seidel and published by Random House (NY). This book was released on 1963 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Origins of the Final Solution by : Christopher R. Browning
Download or read book The Origins of the Final Solution written by Christopher R. Browning and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2007-05-01 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking work is the most detailed, carefully researched, and comprehensive analysis of the evolution of Nazi policy from the persecution and "ethnic cleansing" of Jews in 1939 to the Final Solution of the Holocaust in 1942.
Book Synopsis Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization by : Shigeru Obayashi
Download or read book Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization written by Shigeru Obayashi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-05-20 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization, EMO 2007, held in Matsushima, Japan in March 2007. The 65 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited papers are organized in topical sections on algorithm design, algorithm improvements, alternative methods, applications, engineering design, many objectives, objective handling, and performance assessments.
Book Synopsis Hitler and the Final Solution by : Gerald Fleming
Download or read book Hitler and the Final Solution written by Gerald Fleming and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1987-02-11 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pp. vii-xxxiii contain Friedländer's introduction, which did not appear in the original German edition.
Book Synopsis Intelligent Decision-making Models for Production and Retail Operations by : Zhaoxia Guo
Download or read book Intelligent Decision-making Models for Production and Retail Operations written by Zhaoxia Guo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-27 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of intelligent decision-making techniques and discusses their application in production and retail operations. Manufacturing and retail enterprises have stringent standards for using advanced and reliable techniques to improve decision-making processes, since these processes have significant effects on the performance of relevant operations and the entire supply chain. In recent years, researchers have been increasingly focusing attention on using intelligent techniques to solve various decision-making problems. The opening chapters provide an introduction to several commonly used intelligent techniques, such as genetic algorithm, harmony search, neural network and extreme learning machine. The book then explores the use of these techniques for handling various production and retail decision-making problems, such as production planning and scheduling, assembly line balancing, and sales forecasting.
Book Synopsis Texts And Their Worlds - I Literature Of India An Introduction by : Anna Kurian
Download or read book Texts And Their Worlds - I Literature Of India An Introduction written by Anna Kurian and published by Foundation Books. This book was released on 2006-10-05 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Texts and Their Worlds I (Literatures of India: An Introduction) attempts to introduce students to literatures of India. The selections provide a sampling of diverse texts which open windows into the worlds in which they were created. They bid the reader to think, to understand, and most importantly, to deploy those ideas beyond the classroom. The book integrates Indian writing in English with Indian literatures written in English in India alongside all other literatures produced in India, providing tremendous scope for discussions of commonalities and differences. Key features - A brief introduction to each author and his/her popular works - A critical write-up on each literary piece to prepare students to read the full text - A glossary of words and phrases to facilitate proficiency in reading - Discussion questions to encourage literary and critical analysis
Book Synopsis Innovations in Distribution Logistics by : Luca Bertazzi
Download or read book Innovations in Distribution Logistics written by Luca Bertazzi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a globalized economy logistics has become a crucial area for the success of companies. The performance of each company depends on the performance of its suppliers and of its business partners. The customers of each company are spread on a large geographical space. For this reason distribution logistics is the most important and complex part of logistics. An efficient and effective management of distribution logistics is a key issue for the success of a company. There are many different problems to deal with, from facility location to transportation, to inventory management, and, most important, to the integration and optimization of the entire logistics network. Quantitative methods provide relevant tools to support decisions, from strategic to operational, in distribution logistics.
Book Synopsis Contemporary Indian English Literature by : Cecile Sandten
Download or read book Contemporary Indian English Literature written by Cecile Sandten and published by Narr Francke Attempto Verlag. This book was released on 2024-02-12 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary Indian English Literature focuses on the recent history of Indian literature in English since the publication of Salman Rushdie's novel Midnight's Children (1981), a watershed moment for Indian writing in English in the global literary landscape. The chapters in this volume consider a wide range of poets, novelists, short fiction writers and dramatists who have notably contributed to the proliferation of Indian literature in English from the late 20th century to the present. The volume provides an introduction to current developments in Indian English literature and explains general ideas, as well as the specific features and styles of selected writers from this wide spectrum. It addresses students working in this field at university level, and includes thorough reading lists and study questions to encourage students to read, reflect on and write about Indian English literature critically.
