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Film Formation And Characterization Of Undoped Zno By Mist Cvd System
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Book Synopsis Film Formation and Characterization of Undoped Zno by Mist-CVD System by : Tun Hla Myo
Download or read book Film Formation and Characterization of Undoped Zno by Mist-CVD System written by Tun Hla Myo and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LED technology initiates in the same art of engineering that gave us mobile phones, computers and all modern electronics equipment based on quantum phenomena. Extending semiconductor devices to new compounds has produced great benefits to human life, as exemplified by modern optoelectronic and high-speed electronic devices for communications attained by Zinc Oxide, Blue LED etc. Engineers use a blue LED to excite some kind of fluorescent chemical in the bulb. That converts the blue light to white light. To harvest these advantages in real devices, a reliable technique for fabricating p-type doping needs to be established. Zinc oxide has substantial advantages including large exciton binding energy, as demonstrated by efficient excitonic lasing on optical excitation.In this book, the optical properties of undoped Zinc Oxidewere observed by experimenting with various substrate temperatures with Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition (Mist-CVD) technique.
Book Synopsis Growth and Characterization of Epitaxial ZnO Thin Films on GaN(0001) Epilayers and ZnO{0001} Substrates Using Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Depositon by :
Download or read book Growth and Characterization of Epitaxial ZnO Thin Films on GaN(0001) Epilayers and ZnO{0001} Substrates Using Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Depositon written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ZnO thin films were produced on GaN(0001) epilayers and ZnO(0001) substrates utilizing an iterative process requiring a structured low temperature (480 & deg;C) layer followed by a high temperature (800 & deg;C) densification step to create approximately 200 nm of contiguous film. This process is subsequently repeated to achieve thicker films with each iteration producing approximately 200 nm of dense film. Diethylzinc was used as the zinc source, UHP oxygen (O2) as the oxygen source, and UHP argon as both the carrier and diluent gas. Nitrous (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO2) were also used both as potential oxygen sources in the pure state as well as mixed with oxygen in the chamber and for nitrogen doping of the growing film. Major impurities of C, H, and N were incorporated into the films with the majority of the incorporation occurring during the low temperature step. Films grown using N2O + O2 contained an average of 5 x 1017 cm-3 atomic nitrogen while films using NO2 + O2 had an average nitrogen concentrations of 9 x 1019 cm-3. Needle microstructures were observed for low temperature layers using O2 and N2O + O2, while networked structures formed when using NO2 + O2. The surface of the densified films contained hexagonal pits that increased in number and depth with an increase in film thickness. Triple-axis XRD measurements indicated that the crystal structure of the films mimic the underlying substrates. A comparative analysis of undoped and N-doped films using capacitance voltage and photoluminescence measurements showed that the N-doped films were more insulating than the undoped films and the incorporation of nitrogen decreases the amount of excitonic peaks observed in the PL spectra. The 3.367 eV ionized donor bound exciton becomes dominant in N-doped films relative to the 3.361 eV donor bound exciton that dominates the undoped films. A preliminary inductively coupled plasma etching study determined that the smoothest sidewalls and surfaces were obtained using an.
Book Synopsis Characterisation of Semi-conductor Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Thin Films as Photocatalysts by : Arshid Mahmood Ali
Download or read book Characterisation of Semi-conductor Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Thin Films as Photocatalysts written by Arshid Mahmood Ali and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to study the suitability of nanostructured ZnO thin films as efficient photocatalysts and to characterise any issues that may be involved in the scale-up of photocatalytic systems based on these types of immobilised nanostructure ZnO thin films. In particular, this study involved fabricating and then evaluating the effectiveness of a range of nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films with different structures and chemistries (i.e. undoped and doped) as photocatalysts, and thereafter to systematically relate: the initial and reacted surface morphology; photocatalytic activity in terms of reaction rate; reaction intermediates and products; and liquid phase and solid phase reaction mechanisms under both limited and rich oxygen conditions at two different UV irradiation wavelengths (254nm and 340nm). These nanostructured thin films (i.e. undoped ZnO; nitrogen doped ZnO - N:ZnO; cobalt doped ZnO - Co:ZnO) were produced using an innovative combination of magnetron sputtered surfaces and hydrothermal solution deposition that allows the morphology, porosity and thickness to be controlled by varying the composition and processing conditions. SEM, UV-Vis, HPLC, LC-MS, AAS and XRD were used to study the changes in thin film morphology, Methylene Blue (MB) degradation and its reaction intermediates, the presence of Zn metal in the reaction fluid, if any, and crystallinity before and after the photocatalytic reaction respectively. Undoped ZnO thin films: Results showed a clear relationship between surface morphology (and the related thin film preparation method) and photocatalytic activity for the ZnO thin film supported catalysts: the tallest, most aligned structure had the highest photocatalytic activity, whilst the smallest, least aligned structure had the lowest. Thus, the MB degradation rate was the fastest for the ZnO thin film (S2-MS) with a uniform arrayed structure. Adding oxygen made the films more stable: in oxygen-limited conditions, SEM and atomic absorption spectroscopy indicated zinc leaching had occurred. Furthermore, with additional oxygen the zinc leaching was minimised under the same reaction conditions. It is thought that this additional oxygen is either minimising the release of, or replacing lost ZnO lattice oxygens, indicating that this ZnO photocatalytic oxidation could be occurring via a Mars van Krevelen type redox mechanism. There was also a significant difference in MB degradation rates, as well as reaction intermediate formation and destruction rates, correlated to the morphologies and crystallinity at both UV wavelengths, with the highest reaction rates at 340nm. Reaction analysis indicates that there is a competition between two different photocatalytic mechanisms: conventional photocatalysed radical oxidation and lattice oxygen-driven oxidation. The dominant reaction mechanism depends on the thin film morphology, crystallinity, availability of oxidant and the wavelength of the incident UV. The surface-photocatalysed radical formation was predominant for more aligned, highly crystalline, morphologies, where there was plentiful oxygen and UV irradiation at 340nm. Lattice oxygen photodegradation was predominant for the less aligned, more amorphous morphologies and UV irradiation at 254nm. Doped (Co:ZnO) thin films: Results showed that cobalt dopant increases the photo-stability of the corresponding undoped thin films under oxygen-limited conditions - increasing with the increased dopant concentration. This increased stability of Co:ZnO nanostructure thin films comes with a price, however: the photocatalytic activity and concomitant degradation of MB and its azo dyes reaction intermediates is in general lowered, compared to the undoped ZnO thin films. At higher dopant concentrations, under oxygen-rich conditions and with UV irradiation at 254nm and 340nm, the MB degradation most likely occurs via a conventional photocatalytic reaction mechanism and/or via charge transfer of the MB into Azure B (AB) with the absence of Mars van Krevelen type mechanism (because of the increased lattice stability). At lower dopant concentrations under oxygen-limited conditions with UV irradiation at 254nm and 340nm, the Mars van Krevelen type reaction mechanism is probably the main mechanism propagating the oxidation of MB. Overall, the undoped morphologies were more photocatalytically active compared to the doped morphologies. In general, this work has shown that several different solid and liquid phase photocatalytic reaction mechanisms govern the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes such as MB on nanostructured ZnO thin films, and that surface morphology, crystallinity, lack or presence of oxygen, and the dopant concentration are the key parameters governing the overall photocatalytic activity and the activation of these different solid and liquid photocatalytic reaction mechanisms.
Book Synopsis Electrical Characterization of ZnO thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy by : Vladimir Petukhov
Download or read book Electrical Characterization of ZnO thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy written by Vladimir Petukhov and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-04-25 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the electronic and optoelectronic device realization a precise control of the electrical properties in the utilized material is a very important issue. Doping profiles in realized p-njunctions influence the functionality of the devices. The morphological and crystal properties of a device material directly influence the electrical ones. Dislocations present in a region of p-n-junctions can short circuit them leading to malfunctions. Too rough surfaces during epitaxial growth could lead to inhomogeneities in a single or multiple quantum wells and superlattices. The main goal of the present work was to provide the basis for a reliable p-type doping of ZnO grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Firstly, the well established heteroepitaxial growth on c-sapphire substrates has been employed. Based on the theoretical and experimental works, suggesting nitrogen to be the impurity that builds the most shallow acceptor level in ZnO comparing to other group-V elements, it has been implied as a dopant. To generate reactive nitrogen atoms an rf-plasma source has been utilized in the MBE process. The resulting samples have been characterized by such methods as AFM, XRD, TEM, PL spectroscopy, temperature domain Hall measurements (TDHM) and ECV-profiling. First results of TDHM have shown that even in undoped samples the temperature dependencies of the electron mobility and carrier concentration have regions which are difficult to interpret. It is necessary to fit them with theoretical curves in order to extract the correct values. This task has proven to be very difficult. The complicated character of the dependencies has been explained in terms of the multilayer conduction model dividing a layer in thin interfacial region with mobility and carrier concentration μ1 and n1 respectivly and bulk region with a higher mobility μ2 and lower carrier concentration n2. The electrical transport in the bulk region has been modeled in terms of the general scattering theory in polar semiconductors. Such scattering mechanisms as scattering on polar-optical phonons, piezoelectric phonons, acoustic deformation potential, strain induced fields, dislocations, ionized and neutral impurities have been taken into account. Two cases have been considered to model transport in the interfacial region: 1) transport takes place in the conduction band of a highly doped degenerate semiconductor; 2) transport takes place in the impurity band formed by intermediate concentration of impurities and in conduction band in parallel. In the second case transport at the interface in conduction band has been neglected in the region of the low temperatures due to the impurities freeze-out and carrier concentration has been taken temperature independent like in the first case. To investigate experimentally the transport character in these two regions independently a mobility-spectrum analysis has been conducted. Theoretical results utilizing the two models have been compared with experimentally extracted mobility and carrier concentration in the interfacial region. It has been concluded that the concentration of donors in the layers is not high enough for the impurity band to merge with the conduction band and the second model is more consistent. The theoretically acquired donor concentration profiles have been compared with ECV-profiles. The agreement is very good. Simulations have revealed a shallow donor state with the ionization energy of approximately 45 meV . In the literature, this donor state in ZnO is attributed to hydrogen. However, due to the high diffusion mobility of hydrogen in ZnO, an annealing process would obviously decrease the carrier concentration in the samples which has not been the case. It has been suggested that the main donor centers are the electrically active crystal point defects generated by dislocations. Layers doped with nitrogen have been grown at very low temperatures (≈ 200°C) and at temperatures ranging from 400°C to 500°C, which are optimal for the epitaxial growth of ZnO. The samples grown at low temperatures are single crystalline with mosaic structure. In both cases, the introduction of the dopant increased the carrier concentration. This has been accounted for a bad crystal quality resulting in the inhomogeneous incorporation of nitrogen and for high background donor concentration due to the high dislocations densities. Additionally, the incorporation of acceptor centers shifts the Fermi-level increasing the formation probability of the compensating point defects. The analysis of TDHM showed an inconsistency of the one donor level model in the case of nitrogen doped samples. This fact and the decrease in the carrier concentration after annealing at 800°C for 30 minutes in ambient air can be explained by nitrogen forming donor-like defect complexes. In an attempt to improve the crystal quality of the heteroepitaxial layers, 15 periods of a ZnO/Zn0.6Mg0.4O superlattice structure have been inserted between the conventional double HT-MgO/LT-ZnO buffer and a main HT-ZnO layer. TDHM has revealed a very high mobility close to the values measured in a bulk ZnO for the temperature range of 20 - 300 K. However, TEM investigations of the samples have not indicated any decrease in the dislocation density comparing with the similar samples without a superlattice. Such a high mobility has been attributed to an electron transport in the superlattice structure. Heteroepitaxial growth of high quality ZnO-layers has proven to be challenging leaving the homoepitaxial growth as the only possibility to obtain the epitaxial layers with the best structural and electrical properties. The hydrothermally grown bulk ZnO substrates from two supplying companies, CrysTec and TokyoDenpa, have been employed for homoepitaxy. The substrates from CrysTec have not been epi-ready. Although AFM images reveal very flat surface, this has been damaged by the process of the chemomechanical polishing. This damaged layer must be removed. This has been achieved by the thermal annealing for 3 hours at 1050°C in ambient air. The thermally treated surfaces resulted in atomically flat terraces. XRD measurements have indicated an improvement of the crystal quality after annealing. The resistivity of the bulk substrates decreased after the thermal treatment due to out-diffusion of the compensating Li atoms letting Al, Ga and In atoms to contribute to conduction. After the longer annealing processes the etch-pits have been discovered on O-polar faces. The same features could be achieved by the chemical etching in a nitric acid on Zn-polar faces. The density of the threading dislocations on both polar faces for both types of substrates calculated by the etch-pit density investigation is about 105 1/cm2. Further the thermally treated substrates with atomically flat terraces have been utilized for homoepitaxy. The differences in growth kinetics during the molecular beam epitaxy on such substrates with the improved surface quality depending on their polarity have been investigated by RHEED measurements. The growth on a Zn-polar face has a 3D-character independently on a supplier. Morphologies of the resulting O- and Zn-polar layers have shown to be different. This has been explained by the presence of dangling bonds on Opolar face and thus, shorter diffusion time of the impinging Zn atoms on the surface. XRD and TEM measurements have shown a perfect crystal quality of the overgrown layers. The PL spectra of homoepitaxial layers are governed by the donor impurities diffused from the substrates. Considering the SIMS measurements of homoepitaxial layers found in the literature it has been concluded that the diffusion of donors in the layers grown on Zn-polar faces takes less effect then for the O-polar films. This conclusion has enforced the utilization of Zn-polar substrates supplied by CrysTec for the experiments with nitrogen doping of ZnO because of their affordable price. The electrical properties measured by ECV-profiling in series of homoepitaxial layers with varied growth parameters have shown an increase of the carrier concentration with the nitrogen incorporation. In addition, it has also been shown that the resulting electrical properties near the interface are governed mostly by the initial properties of the substrates. With increasing thickness of the layers carrier concentration saturated to the values of around 1016 1/cm3. The recent successful realization of the p-type MgZnO layers on TokyoDenpa substrates by researchers from Japan suggests switching to the p-type doped alloys because the above discussed results indicate that p-type doping with nitrogen of a pure ZnO is very difficult or even impossible. This is due to a rather fundamental reason: the formation of the compensating donor centers with the incorporation of acceptor atoms. As the first step in the future works, it is obvious to try to reproduce the results of the ZnMgO p-type doping with nitrogen employing growth on ZnO substrates.
Book Synopsis Chemical Vapor Synthesis and Characterization of Undoped, Doped and Functionalized ZnO Nanoparticles by : Moazzam Ali
Download or read book Chemical Vapor Synthesis and Characterization of Undoped, Doped and Functionalized ZnO Nanoparticles written by Moazzam Ali and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Les Enfants d'Edouard written by and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ZnO Thin Films written by Paolo Mele and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an n-type semiconductor with versatile applications such as optical devices in ultraviolet region, piezoelectric transducers, transparent electrode for solar cells and gas sensors. This book "ZnO Thin Films: Properties, Performance and Applications" gives a deep insight in the intriguing science of zinc oxide thin films. It is devoted to cover the most recent advances and reviews the state of the art of ZnO thin films applications involving energy harvesting, microelectronics, magnetic devices, photocatalysis, photovoltaics, optics, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, electrochemistry, temperature sensing. It serves as a fundamental information source on the techniques and methodologies involved in zinc oxide thin films growth, characterization, post-deposition plasma treatments and device processing. This book will be invaluable to the experts to consolidate their knowledge and provide insight and inspiration to beginners wishing to learn about zinc oxide thin films.
Book Synopsis Chemical Vapor Deposition and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructure by : Xiang Liu
Download or read book Chemical Vapor Deposition and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructure written by Xiang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide band gap semiconductor material. It is a promising candidate for short wavelength optoelectronic devices.
Book Synopsis SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE ZINC OXIDE THIN FILMS BY SOL-GEL SPIN COATING METHOD by : David Winarski
Download or read book SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE ZINC OXIDE THIN FILMS BY SOL-GEL SPIN COATING METHOD written by David Winarski and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc oxide has been given much attention recently as it is promising for various semiconductor device applications. ZnO has a direct band gap of 3.3 eV, high exciton binding energy of 60 meV and can exist in various bulk powder and thin film forms for different applications. ZnO is naturally n-type with various structural defects, which sparks further investigation into the material properties. Although there are many potential applications for this ZnO, an overall lack of understand and control of intrinsic defects has proven difficult to obtain consistent, repeatable results. This work studies both synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide in an effort to produce high quality transparent conductive oxides. The sol-gel spin coating method was used to obtain highly transparent ZnO thin films with high UV absorbance. This research develops a new more consistent method for synthesis of these thin films, providing insight for maintaining quality control for each step in the procedure. A sol-gel spin coating technique is optimized, yielding highly transparent polycrystalline ZnO thin films with tunable electrical properties. Annealing treatment in hydrogen and zinc atmospheres is researched in an effort to increase electrical conductivity and better understand intrinsic properties of the material. These treatment have shown significant effects on the properties of ZnO. Characterization of doped and undoped ZnO synthesized by the sol-gel spin coating method was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, UV-Visible range absorbance, X-ray diffraction, and the Hall Effect. Treatment in hydrogen shows an overall decrease in the number of crystal phases and visible absorbance while zinc seems to have the opposite effect. The Hall Effect has shown that both annealing environments increase the n-type conductivity, yielding a ZnO thin film with a carrier concentration as high as 3.001 × 1021 cm-3.
Download or read book Ceramic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermoelectric Thin Films by : Paolo Mele
Download or read book Thermoelectric Thin Films written by Paolo Mele and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide readers with deep insight into the intriguing science of thermoelectric thin films. It serves as a fundamental information source on the techniques and methodologies involved in thermoelectric thin film growth, characterization and device processing. This book involves widespread contributions on several categories of thermoelectric thin films: oxides, chalcogenides, iodates, nitrides and polymers. This will serve as an invaluable resource for experts to consolidate their knowledge and will provide insight and inspiration to beginners wishing to learn about thermoelectric thin films. Provides a single-source reference on a wide spectrum of topics related to thermoelectric thin films, from organic chemistry to devices, from physical chemistry to applied physics, from synthesis to device implementation; Covers several categories of thermoelectric thin films based on different material approaches such as oxides, chalcogenides, iodates, nitrides and polymers; Discusses synthesis, characterization, and device processing of thermoelectric thin films, as well as the nanoengineering approach to tailor the properties of the used materials at the nanoscale level.
Book Synopsis Zinc Oxide Based Nano Materials and Devices by : , Prof. Dr. Ahmed Nahhas
Download or read book Zinc Oxide Based Nano Materials and Devices written by , Prof. Dr. Ahmed Nahhas and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-10-09 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a review of recent advances in ZnO-based nanomaterials and devices. ZnO as a nanomaterial has gained substantial interest in the research area of wide bandgap semiconductors and is considered to be one of the major candidates for electronic and photonic applications. ZnO has distinguished and interesting electrical and optical properties and is considered to be a potential material in optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, surface acoustic wave devices, and UV emitters. ZnO's unique properties have attracted several researchers to study its electrical and optical properties. As a nanostructured material, ZnO exhibits many advantages for nanodevices. Moreover, it has the ability to absorb the UV radiation.
Book Synopsis The Materials Science of Thin Films by : Milton Ohring
Download or read book The Materials Science of Thin Films written by Milton Ohring and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepared as a textbook complete with problems after each chapter, specifically intended for classroom use in universities.
Book Synopsis CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants by : Perrin Walker
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants written by Perrin Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-11 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents cleaning and etching solutions, their applications, and results on inorganic materials. It is a comprehensive collection of etching and cleaning solutions in a single source. Chemical formulas are presented in one of three standard formats - general, electrolytic or ionized gas formats - to insure inclusion of all necessary operational data as shown in references that accompany each numbered formula. The book describes other applications of specific solutions, including their use on other metals or metallic compounds. Physical properties, association of natural and man-made minerals, and materials are shown in relationship to crystal structure, special processing techniques and solid state devices and assemblies fabricated. This publication also presents a number of organic materials which are widely used in handling and general processing...waxes, plastics, and lacquers for example. It is useful to individuals involved in study, development, and processing of metals and metallic compounds. It is invaluable for readers from the college level to industrial R & D and full-scale device fabrication, testing and sales. Scientific disciplines, work areas and individuals with great interest include: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, solid state, ceramic and glass, research libraries, individuals dealing with chemical processing of inorganic materials, societies and schools.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Zinc Oxide by : Kamlendra Awasthi
Download or read book Nanostructured Zinc Oxide written by Kamlendra Awasthi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured Zinc Oxide covers the various routes for the synthesis of different types of nanostructured zinc oxide including; 1D (nanorods, nanowires etc.), 2D and 3D (nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanospheres etc.). This comprehensive overview provides readers with a clear understanding of the various parameters controlling morphologies. The book also reviews key properties of ZnO including optical, electronic, thermal, piezoelectric and surface properties and techniques in order to tailor key properties. There is a large emphasis in the book on ZnO nanostructures and their role in optoelectronics. ZnO is very interesting and widely investigated material for a number of applications. This book presents up-to-date information about the ZnO nanostructures-based applications such as gas sensing, pH sensing, photocatalysis, antibacterial activity, drug delivery, and electrodes for optoelectronics. Reviews methods to synthesize, tailor, and characterize 1D, 2D, and 3D zinc oxide nanostructured materials Discusses key properties of zinc oxide nanostructured materials including optical, electronic, thermal, piezoelectric, and surface properties Addresses most relevant zinc oxide applications in optoelectronics such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and sensors
Author :Michel Andre Aegerter Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :0387889531 Total Pages :474 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (878 download)
Book Synopsis Sol-Gel Technologies for Glass Producers and Users by : Michel Andre Aegerter
Download or read book Sol-Gel Technologies for Glass Producers and Users written by Michel Andre Aegerter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sol-Gel Techniques for Glass Producers and Users provides technological information, descriptions and characterizations of prototypes, or products already on the market, and illustrates advantages and disadvantages of the sol-gel process in comparison to other methods. The first chapter entitled "Wet Chemical Technology" gives a summary of the basic principles of the sol-gel chemistry. The most promising applications are related to coatings. Chapter 2 describes the various "Wet Chemical Coating Technologies" from glass cleaning to many deposition and post-coating treatment techniques. These include patterning of coatings through direct or indirect techniques which have became very important and for which the sol-gel processing is particularly well adapted. Chapter 3 entitled "Bulk Glass Technologies" reports on the preparation of special glasses for different applications. Chapter 4 entitled "Coatings and Materials Properties" describes the properties of the different coatings and the sol-gel materials, fibers and powders. The chapter also includes a section dedicated to the characterization techniques especially applied to sol-gel coatings and products.
