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Author : Seija Ilmakunnas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789525071115
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (711 download)
Download or read book Female Labour Supply and Work Incentives written by Seija Ilmakunnas and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ramón Gómez-Salvador
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1845425626
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (454 download)
Download or read book Labour Supply and Incentives to Work in Europe written by Ramón Gómez-Salvador and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labour Supply and Incentives to Work in Europe highlights recent developments in the labour supply in Europe and gives a detailed assessment of their link with economic policies and labour market institutions. Despite major changes in European labour supply during the past few decades, the existing literature still lacks a comprehensive study of the relationship between labour supply and labour market institutions from a macro perspective.
Author : Guyonne R.J Kalb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Social Policy Initiatives on Labour Supply Incentives written by Guyonne R.J Kalb and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper also provides an overview and comparison of methodologies commonly employed in labour market research. It demonstrates the danger of evaluating programs using short-term longitudinal data. It concludes by identifying a need for more reliable and up-to-date data, particularly longitudinal data, to better understand the long-term effects of work incentive programs. By reviewing current Australian and international literature, this research has improved our understanding of the effects of various work incentives on labour supply for different sub-groups. Key findings include: - the benefit level is found to have a small negative impact (for both men and women) on exit rates and labour supply - in-work benefits schemes in the United States and United Kingdom have demonstrated positive results for sole parents, but are small or ambiguous for partnered men and women - women, particularly sole mothers, are most sensitive to financial incentives - education improves employment prospects and appears to increase job tenure, with women benefiting more than men from a higher level of education - the effects of training are more ambiguous, with on-the-job-training proving effective for young men with low levels of education, but workfare programs appear to reduce the probability of finding work for educated people - early results from Australian studies indicate workfare and work experience programs (particularly wage subsidies and brokered employment programs) are effective in reducing the duration of unemployment, and increasing the duration of employment.
Author : Iga Magda
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Large Universal Child Benefits on Female Labour Supply written by Iga Magda and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2016 the Polish government introduced a large new child benefit, called "Family 500+", with the aim to increase fertility from a low level and reduce child poverty. The benefit is universal for the second and every further child and means-tested for the first child. Increasing out-of-work income significantly, the transfer can reduce incentives to participate in the labour market. We study the impact of the new benefit on female labour supply, using Polish Labour Force Survey data. Based on a difference-in-differences methodology we find that the labour market participation rates of women with children decreased after the introduction of the benefit compared to childless women. The estimates suggest that by mid-2017 the labour force participation rate of mothers dropped by 2-3 percentage points, depending on the estimation specification, as a result of the "Family 500+" benefit. The effect was higher among women with lower levels of education and living in small towns.
Author : Doris Schroeder
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351783572
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)
Download or read book Work Incentives and Welfare Provision written by Doris Schroeder and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2000: Over the past decade the welfare state has come under sustained attack not only from quarters which never approved of its policies, but also from political theorists who used to support it. With the collapse of communism, the policy of comprehensive welfare provision came under renewed scrutiny. It was argued that its impact on work incentives is most detrimental. Examining in detail current unemployment debates within Western welfare states, this book seeks to verify or refute the view that non-work is increasingly chosen by work shy individuals - the 'pathological' theory of unemployment. Drawing from a range of disciplinary perspectives - from social philosophy and the history of philosophy, to occupational psychology and feminist economics - this interdisciplinary analysis reveals that the "pathological" theory of unemployment, with its reliance on a deficient depiction of human nature and its disregard of non-pecuniary work incentives and empirical evidence on benefit fraud, cannot be upheld. Schroeder presents an alternative explanation for the phenomenon of widespread Western unemployment through new insights into an 'external barrier' theory of unemployment, namely technological displacement combined with a refusal to return to a two-tiered Victorian society. By effectively combining empirical data with philosophical deliberations, the book provides an important contribution to the welfare state debate.
Author : Richard Blundell
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198749805
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)
Download or read book Labor Supply and Taxation written by Richard Blundell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents Richard Blundell's outstanding research on the modern economic analysis of labour markets and public policy reforms and brings together, in revised and integrated form, a number of the author's key papers.
Author : Nicolas Hérault
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (118 download)
Download or read book Understanding the Rising Trend in Female Labour Force Participation written by Nicolas Hérault and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Female labour force participation has increased tremendously since World War II in developed countries. Prior research provides piecemeal evidence identifying some drivers of change but largely fails to present a consistent story. Using a rare combination of data and modelling capacity available in Australia, we develop a new decomposition approach to explain rising female labour force participation since the mid-1990s. The approach allows us to identify, for the first time, the role of tax and transfer policy reforms as well as three other factors that have been shown to matter by earlier studies. These are (i) changes in real wages, (ii) population composition changes, and (iii) changes in labour supply preference parameters. A key result is that - despite the ongoing emphasis of public policy on improved work incentives for women in Australia and elsewhere - changes in financial incentives due to tax and transfer policy reforms have contributed relatively little to achieve these large increases in participation. Instead, the other three factors drive the increased female labour force participation.
Author : Ms.Katrin Elborgh-Woytek
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484371240
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Women, Work, and the Economy written by Ms.Katrin Elborgh-Woytek and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed SDN discusses the specific macro-critical aspects of women’s participation in the labor market and the constraints that prevent women from developing their full economic potential. Building on earlier Fund analysis, work undertaken by other organizations and academic research, the SDN presents possible policies to overcome these obstacles in different types of countries.
Author : Anthony Barnes Atkinson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Welfare and Work Incentives written by Anthony Barnes Atkinson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors, Professor A. B. Atkinson and Gunnar Viby Mogensen, have assembled a series of chapters which together provide a unified comparative study of the microeconomic process whereby high taxes and high benefits act as disincentives to work. The contributors analyse the current debate on changes to the welfare state system, and illuminate the macroeconomic policy issue of the relation between tax receipts and benefit expenditure.
Author : Gunnar Viby Mogensen
Publisher : Aarhus University Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Work Incentives in the Danish Welfare State written by Gunnar Viby Mogensen and published by Aarhus University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Denmark, as in other Nordic countries, the period since the 1950s has witnessed the development of a modern welfare state with comprehensive public responsibility for the social well-being of the population. But how does this very fine-meshed safety net affect the labour supply - both on the market for legally registered, taxed labour, and on the market for undeclared 'black' labour? Does the welfare state provide too few incentives for the unemployed to seek work, and for those who are employed to work longer hours? And is it the case that the incentive structure encourages do-it-yourself activities? With the support of the Rockwool Foundation, an extensive research project has been carried out, which methodically combines the results of a representative survey with register data. The results, which are presented in this volume, provide a detailed insight into the links between the tax system and the social legislation of the welfare state on the one hand, and the actual behaviour of the Danish labour force on the other.
Author : Min Qiang Zhao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (739 download)
Download or read book Employment, Unemployment, and Non-single Women written by Min Qiang Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: My dissertation examines the relationship between the rise of female labor supply and the rise of the service economy and studies how labor market and unemployment policies affect family labor decisions. There are three essays in my dissertation. The first essay quantifies the Buera and Kaboski's (BK) service economy model and examines how the female labor supply is related to service growth. I discipline the model through calibration to assess how quantitatively plausible such an explanation is. By extending the BK model to a two-person household model, I incorporate a joint household decision on home and market production into the model, which provides a direct link between female labor supply and the growth of service economy. The calibrated analysis shows that both the BK model and the extended BK model are able to match nearly all of the growth in the service sector, and the channels emphasized in the BK model are quantitatively important. Using counterfactual experiments, I identify the rising efficient scale of service production and skill deepening of the labor force, particularly among the female population, as the most important channels of service growth. The second essay uses British Household Panel Survey data to examine how marital instability and partners' employment instability affect non-single mothers' employment responses to the 1999 in-work benefit reform in the United Kingdom. Previous studies have found small employment responses overall, but I find large responses among these subpopulations. My difference-in-difference analysis suggests that (1) there is about a 10 to 14 percentage point increase in the full-time employment of non-single mothers with unstable marriages relative to those with stable marriages as the result of the 1999 reform, and (2) there is about a 10 percentage point increase in the full-time employment of non-single mothers with unstably employed partners relative to those with stably employed partners. These results highlight the important interaction between household instability and the labor decisions of non-single mothers. The third essay examines how means-tested unemployment benefits affect couple's employment decisions. The literature has overly emphasized the negative work incentive of means-tested unemployment benefits, which does not provide full information for policy evaluation because the overall employment outcome matters more than the employment outcome of women with unemployed spouses. I show that means-tested unemployment benefits involve both negative and positive work incentives, the latter of which usually dominates to generate a higher employment rate, a greater proportion of dual-earner couples as well as a lower government expenditure on unemployment benefits.
Author : Orley Ashenfelter
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780444501899
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Labor Economics written by Orley Ashenfelter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-18 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics.
Author : Benjamin Thompson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Extending the 'Social Safety Net' written by Benjamin Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 1991 legal change extended the coverage of pensions in rural Brazil to include large numbers of previously uncovered women, conditional on subjective work requirements. This change was accompanied by an increase in female employment, in particular among newly covered women. This paper analyzes the extent to which a causal relationship existed between these two phenomena; specifically, the extent to which women increased their labor supply in response to future pension eligibility. Using a differences-in-differences approach, I find evidence that pension eligibility increased the labor supply of rural women in two ways. First, I find that rural women made immediately eligible by age temporarily increased labor supply, and second, I find that at least some cohorts of younger rural women eligible in the future also increased labor supply, presumably as an anticipatory response. These results shed light on the capacity of elderly workers to respond to financial incentives for old-age labor supply participation, in addition to the extent to which younger workers might be forward-looking in their responses to retirement incentives.
Author : Xiaogong Gong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Channels of Labour Supply Responses of Lone Parents to Changed Work Incentives written by Xiaogong Gong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we investigate the response of female lone parents to two reforms to the welfare system in Australia. We look at changes to both hours and participation and focus on the channels of adjustment, in particular the role of job changes for adjustment in hours. We highlight the relationship between policy design and heterogeneous outcomes. Workers/non-workers and mothers with high/low education respond differently to different policies. We find evidence of within job rigidities as the adjustment of working hours happens primarily through changing jobs. Our findings also provide support for the importance of accounting for fixed costs of working.
Author : Richard Blundell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (842 download)
Download or read book Female Labour Supply, Human Capital and Welfare Reform written by Richard Blundell and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider the impact of Tax credits and income support programs on female education choice, employment, hours and human capital accumulation over the life-cycle. We thus analyze both the short run incentive effects and the longer run implications of such programs. By allowing for risk aversion and savings we are also able to quantify the insurance value of alternative programs. We find important incentive effects on education choice, and labor supply, with single mothers having the most elastic labor supply. Returns to labour market experience are found to be substantial but only for full-time employment, and especially for women with more than basic formal education. For those with lower education the welfare programs are shown to have substantial insurance value. Based on the model marginal increases to tax credits are preferred to equally costly increases in income support and to tax cuts, except by those in the highest education group.
Download or read book The Effects of Health Insurance on Female Labor Supply by Income Class written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the effect of available health insurance on female labor supply by income group. The availability of health insurance appears to provide distinct labor force exit and entry incentives for women; it can induce women with higher incomes to leave the labor force entirely, while encouraging those with low incomes to enter. Because different women appear to make very different decisions related to work based on variables such as income, a detailed study of these decisions is necessary for appropriate and effective government policy. Using data from the March 2001 Current Population Survey, this study finds that women of both low- and higher-incomes tend to participate in the labor force more when private insurance is available, but participate less when government health coverage is provided. This reduction in labor supply is likely due to government regulations concerning income allowances and benefits. Effects of health insurance availability on hours worked is inconclusive for both groups of women. As such, policy makers could expand both government and private health insurance coverage without adversely affecting employment.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309261961
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Aging and the Macroeconomy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. In the coming decades, people aged 65 and over will make up an increasingly large percentage of the population: The ratio of people aged 65+ to people aged 20-64 will rise by 80%. This shift is happening for two reasons: people are living longer, and many couples are choosing to have fewer children and to have those children somewhat later in life. The resulting demographic shift will present the nation with economic challenges, both to absorb the costs and to leverage the benefits of an aging population. Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population presents the fundamental factors driving the aging of the U.S. population, as well as its societal implications and likely long-term macroeconomic effects in a global context. The report finds that, while population aging does not pose an insurmountable challenge to the nation, it is imperative that sensible policies are implemented soon to allow companies and households to respond. It offers four practical approaches for preparing resources to support the future consumption of households and for adapting to the new economic landscape.
