Female Genocidaires What Was The Nature And Motivations For Hutu Female Involvement In Genocidal Violence Towards Tutsi Women During The Rwandan Genocide

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Female Génocidaires: What was the Nature and Motivations for Hutu Female Involvement in Genocidal Violence Towards Tutsi Women During the Rwandan Genocide?

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Author : Leila Fielding
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3656323356
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (563 download)

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Book Synopsis Female Génocidaires: What was the Nature and Motivations for Hutu Female Involvement in Genocidal Violence Towards Tutsi Women During the Rwandan Genocide? by : Leila Fielding

Download or read book Female Génocidaires: What was the Nature and Motivations for Hutu Female Involvement in Genocidal Violence Towards Tutsi Women During the Rwandan Genocide? written by Leila Fielding and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2012 in the subject History - Africa, grade: First, Manchester Metropolitan University Business School, language: English, abstract: Victimisation of women in times of war, genocide or mass slaughter has been the primary focus of the majority of explorations concerning gender and conflict. Traditionally, women are espoused as victims, at the mercy of male killers and therefore subordinate. The notoriety of brutal, horrific and incomprehensible sexual crimes against women in times of genocide has ensured that reluctance in addressing female accountability has plagued this debate. While examinations of these atrocities are imperative and indispensable in facilitating reconciliation, both psychological and social, this one-sided representation has led to a misunderstanding of the dynamic roles which women play during genocide. Whether supportive, active or auxiliary roles, women have been a vital component in endorsing and sanctioning genocidal violence historically. In Rwanda, some women not only provided assistance and encouragement to Hutu men, but also perpetrated the attacks and incited rape. The suffering of female victims cannot be fully understood without a consideration of the extensive nature of the perpetrators, both male and female. Moreover, quite the opposite of diminishing the value and significance of the victimisation of women, any examination which focuses on female agency re-balances the scales of gender inequality and consequently serves to empower women. Women should not be portrayed solely as victims. Women in the Rwandan genocide were victims and perpetrators, agents and symbols. Gender expectations which propagate the superiority of men both during and after conflict are detrimental to the reconstruction of post-genocide gender identities.

Female Génocidaires: What was the Nature and Motivations for Hutu Female Involvement in Genocidal Violence Towards Tutsi Women During the Rwandan Genocide?

Author : Leila Fielding
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783656324409
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (244 download)

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Book Synopsis Female Génocidaires: What was the Nature and Motivations for Hutu Female Involvement in Genocidal Violence Towards Tutsi Women During the Rwandan Genocide? by : Leila Fielding

Download or read book Female Génocidaires: What was the Nature and Motivations for Hutu Female Involvement in Genocidal Violence Towards Tutsi Women During the Rwandan Genocide? written by Leila Fielding and published by . This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2012 in the subject History - Africa, grade: First, Manchester Metropolitan University Business School, language: English, abstract: Victimisation of women in times of war, genocide or mass slaughter has been the primary focus of the majority of explorations concerning gender and conflict. Traditionally, women are espoused as victims, at the mercy of male killers and therefore subordinate. The notoriety of brutal, horrific and incomprehensible sexual crimes against women in times of genocide has ensured that reluctance in addressing female accountability has plagued this debate. While examinations of these atrocities are imperative and indispensable in facilitating reconciliation, both psychological and social, this one-sided representation has led to a misunderstanding of the dynamic roles which women play during genocide. Whether supportive, active or auxiliary roles, women have been a vital component in endorsing and sanctioning genocidal violence historically. In Rwanda, some women not only provided assistance and encouragement to Hutu men, but also perpetrated the attacks and incited rape. The suffering of female victims cannot be fully understood without a consideration of the extensive nature of the perpetrators, both male and female. Moreover, quite the opposite of diminishing the value and significance of the victimisation of women, any examination which focuses on female agency re-balances the scales of gender inequality and consequently serves to empower women. Women should not be portrayed solely as victims. Women in the Rwandan genocide were victims and perpetrators, agents and symbols. Gender expectations which propagate the superiority of men both during and after conflict are detrimental to the reconstruction of post-genocide gender identities.

Female Genocidaires during the Rwandan Genocide: When women kill

Author : Leila Fielding
Publisher : Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag)
ISBN 13 : 3954895676
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (548 download)

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Book Synopsis Female Genocidaires during the Rwandan Genocide: When women kill by : Leila Fielding

Download or read book Female Genocidaires during the Rwandan Genocide: When women kill written by Leila Fielding and published by Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). This book was released on 2014-02-01 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Victimisation of women in times of war, genocide or mass slaughter has been the primary focus of the majority of explorations concerning gender and conflict. Traditionally, women are espoused as victims, at the mercy of male killers, and therefore subordinate. The notoriety of brutal, horrific, and incomprehensible sexual crimes against women in times of genocide has ensured that reluctance in addressing female accountability has plagued this debate. While examinations of these atrocities are imperative and indispensable in facilitating reconciliation, both psychological and social, this one-sided representation has led to a misunderstanding of the dynamic roles which women play during genocide. Whether supportive, active or auxiliary roles, women have been a vital component in endorsing, and sanctioning genocidal violence in history. In Rwanda, some women not only provided assistance and encouragement to Hutu men but, also perpetrated the attacks, and incited rape. The suffering of female victims cannot be fully understood without a consideration of the extensive nature of the perpetrators, both male and female. Moreover, quite the opposite of diminishing the value and significance of the victimisation of women, any examination which focuses on female agency re-balances the scales of gender inequality, and consequently serves to empower women. Women should not be portrayed solely as victims. Women in the Rwandan genocide were victims and perpetrators, agents and symbols. Gender expectations which propagate the superiority of men, both during and after conflict are detrimental to the reconstruction of post-genocide gender identities.

Plight and Fate of Women During and Following Genocide

Author : Samuel Totten
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351499459
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Plight and Fate of Women During and Following Genocide by : Samuel Totten

Download or read book Plight and Fate of Women During and Following Genocide written by Samuel Totten and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The plight and fate of female victims during the course of genocide is radically and profoundly different from their male counterparts. Like males, female victims suffer demonization, ostracism, discrimination, and deprivation of their basic human rights. They are often rounded up, deported, and killed. But, unlike most men, women are subjected to rape, gang rape, and mass rape. Such assaults and degradation can, and often do, result in horrible injuries to their reproductive systems and unwanted pregnancies. This volume takes one stride towards assessing these grievances, and argues against policies calculated to continue such indifference to great human suffering. The horror and pain suffered by females does not end with the act of rape. There is always the fear, and reality, of being infected with HIV/AIDS. Concomitantly, there is the possibility of becoming pregnant.Then, there is the birth of the babies. For some, the very sight of the babies and children reminds mothers of the horrific violations they suffered. When mothers harbor deep-seated hatred or distain for such children, it results in more misery. The hatred may be so great that children born of rape leave home early in order to fend for themselves on the street. This seventh volume in the Genocide series will provoke debate, discussion, reflection and, ultimately, action. The issues presented include ongoing mass rape of girls and women during periods of war and genocide, ostracism of female victims, terrible psychological and physical wounds, the plight of offspring resulting from rapes, and the critical need for medical and psychological services.

Women and Genocide

Author : Elissa Bemporad
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253033845
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Genocide by : Elissa Bemporad

Download or read book Women and Genocide written by Elissa Bemporad and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genocides of modern history–Rwanda, Armenia, Guatemala, the Holocaust, and countless others–and their effects have been well documented, but how do the experiences of female victims and perpetrators differ from those of men? In Women and Genocide, human rights advocates and scholars come together to argue that the memory of trauma is gendered and that women's voices and perspectives are key to our understanding of the dynamics that emerge in the context of genocidal violence. The contributors of this volume examine how women consistently are targets for the sexualized violence that serves as an instrument of ethnic cleansing, how female perpetrators take advantage of the new power structures, and how women are involved in the struggle for justice in post-genocidal contexts. By placing women at center stage, Women and Genocide helps us to better understand the nexus existing between misogyny and violence in societies where genocide erupts.

Women and Genocide

Author : JoAnn DiGeorgio-Lutz
Publisher : Canadian Scholars’ Press
ISBN 13 : 0889615829
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Genocide by : JoAnn DiGeorgio-Lutz

Download or read book Women and Genocide written by JoAnn DiGeorgio-Lutz and published by Canadian Scholars’ Press. This book was released on 2016-04-25 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illuminating the unique experiences of women both during and after genocide, JoAnn DiGeorgio-Lutz and Donna Gosbee’s edited collection is a vital addition to genocide scholarship. The contributors revisit genocides of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, from Armenia in 1915 to Gujarat in 2002, examining the roles of women as victims, witnesses, survivors, and rescuers. The text underscores women’s experiences as a central yet often overlooked component to the understanding of genocide. Drawing from narratives, memoirs, testimonies, and literature, this groundbreaking volume brings together women’s stories of victimization, trauma, and survival. Each chapter is framed by a consistent methodology to allow for a comparative analysis, revealing the ways in which women’s experiences across genocides are similar and yet profoundly different. By looking at genocide from a gendered perspective, Women and Genocide constitutes an important contribution to feminist research on war and political violence. Featuring critical thinking questions and concise histories of each genocidal period discussed, this highly accessible text is an ideal resource for both students and instructors in this field and for anyone interested in the study of women’s lives in times of violence and conflict.

"Leave None to Tell the Story"

Author : Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 888 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis "Leave None to Tell the Story" by : Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges

Download or read book "Leave None to Tell the Story" written by Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *** Law and Order

When Victims Become Killers

Author : Mahmood Mamdani
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691193835
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis When Victims Become Killers by : Mahmood Mamdani

Download or read book When Victims Become Killers written by Mahmood Mamdani and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An incisive look at the causes and consequences of the Rwandan genocide "When we captured Kigali, we thought we would face criminals in the state; instead, we faced a criminal population." So a political commissar in the Rwanda Patriotic Front reflected after the 1994 massacre of as many as one million Tutsis in Rwanda. Underlying his statement was the realization that, though ordered by a minority of state functionaries, the slaughter was performed by hundreds of thousands of ordinary citizens, including judges, doctors, priests, and friends. Rejecting easy explanations of the Rwandan genocide as a mysterious evil force that was bizarrely unleashed, When Victims Become Killers situates the tragedy in its proper context. Mahmood Mamdani coaxes to the surface the historical, geographical, and political forces that made it possible for so many Hutus to turn so brutally on their neighbors. In so doing, Mamdani usefully broadens understandings of citizenship and political identity in postcolonial Africa and provides a direction for preventing similar future tragedies.

A Gendered Lens for Genocide Prevention

Author : Mary Michele Connellan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137601175
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (376 download)

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Book Synopsis A Gendered Lens for Genocide Prevention by : Mary Michele Connellan

Download or read book A Gendered Lens for Genocide Prevention written by Mary Michele Connellan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection develops a gendered lens for genocide prevention by uncovering socially constructed gender roles which are crucial for the onset, form and prevention of genocide and mass atrocities. This volume draws on contemporary feminist theory, concepts of masculinity, critical discussions of international law, and in-depth case studies to provide a better understanding of the function of gender at different stages of genocide and mass atrocity processes as well as a basis for more comprehensive strategies for genocide prevention.

Art from Trauma

Author : Rangira Béatrice Gallimore
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 1496215796
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis Art from Trauma by : Rangira Béatrice Gallimore

Download or read book Art from Trauma written by Rangira Béatrice Gallimore and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2019-08 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the role of aesthetic expression in responding to discrimination, tragedy, violence, even genocide? How does gender shape responses to both literal and structural violence, including implicit linguistic, familial, and cultural violence? How might writing or other works of art contribute to healing? Art from Trauma: Genocide and Healing beyond Rwanda explores the possibility of art as therapeutic, capable of implementation by mental health practitioners crafting mental health policy in Rwanda. This anthology of scholarly, personal, and hybrid essays was inspired by scholar and activist Chantal Kalisa (1965-2015). At the commemoration of the nineteenth anniversary of the genocide in Rwanda, organized by the Rwandan Embassy in Washington DC, Kalisa gave a presentation, "Who Speaks for the Survivors of the Genocide against Tutsi?" Kalisa devoted her energy to giving expression to those whose voices had been distorted or silenced. The essays in this anthology address how the production and experience of visual, dramatic, cinematic, and musical arts, in addition to literary arts, contribute to healing from the trauma of mass violence, offering preliminary responses to questions like Kalisa's and honoring her by continuing the dialogue in which she participated with such passion, sharing the work of scholars and colleagues in genocide studies, gender studies, and francophone literatures.

The Path to Genocide in Rwanda

Author : Omar Shahabudin McDoom
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108491464
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis The Path to Genocide in Rwanda by : Omar Shahabudin McDoom

Download or read book The Path to Genocide in Rwanda written by Omar Shahabudin McDoom and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uses unique field data to offer a rigorous explanation of how Rwanda's genocide occurred and why Rwandans participated in it.

Gender and the Genocide in Rwanda

Author : Sara E. Brown
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351699768
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender and the Genocide in Rwanda by : Sara E. Brown

Download or read book Gender and the Genocide in Rwanda written by Sara E. Brown and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the mobilization, role, and trajectory of women rescuers and perpetrators during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. While much has been written about the victimization of women during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, very little has been said about women who rescued targeted victims or perpetrated crimes against humanity. This book explores and analyzes the role played by women who exercised agency as rescuers and as perpetrators during the genocide in Rwanda. As women, they took actions and decisions within the context of a deeply entrenched patriarchal system that limited their choices. This work examines two diverging paths of women’s agency during this period: to rescue from genocide or to perpetrate genocide. It seeks to answer three questions: First, how were certain Rwandan women mobilized to participate in genocide, and by whom? Second, what were the specific actions of women during this period of violence and upheaval? Finally, what were the trajectories of women rescuers and perpetrators after the genocide? Comparing and contrasting how women rescuers and perpetrators were mobilized, the actions they undertook, and their post-genocide trajectories, and concluding with a broader discussion of the long-term impact of ignoring these women, this book develops a more nuanced and holistic view of women’s agency and the genocide in Rwanda. This book will be of much interest to students of gender studies, genocide studies, African politics and critical security studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.routledge.com/Gender-and-the-Genocide-in-Rwanda-Women-as-Rescuers-and-Perpetrators/Brown/p/book/9780367188092, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Women as War Criminals

Author : Izabela Steflja
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503627578
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Women as War Criminals by : Izabela Steflja

Download or read book Women as War Criminals written by Izabela Steflja and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women war criminals are far more common than we think. From the Holocaust to ethnic cleansing in the Balkans to the Rwandan genocide, women have perpetrated heinous crimes. Few have been punished. These women go unnoticed because their very existence challenges our assumptions about war and about women. Biases about women as peaceful and innocent prevent us from "seeing" women as war criminals—and prevent postconflict justice systems from assigning women blame. Women as War Criminals argues that women are just as capable as men of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity. In addition to unsettling assumptions about women as agents of peace and reconciliation, the book highlights the gendered dynamics of law, and demonstrates that women are adept at using gender instrumentally to fight for better conditions and reduced sentences when war ends. The book presents the legal cases of four women: the President (Biljana Plavšic), the Minister (Pauline Nyiramasuhuko), the Soldier (Lynndie England), and the Student (Hoda Muthana). Each woman's complex identity influenced her treatment by legal systems and her ability to mount a gendered defense before the court. Justice, as Steflja and Trisko Darden show, is not blind to gender.

Shattered Lives

Author : Binaifer Nowrojee
Publisher : Human Rights Watch
ISBN 13 : 9781564322081
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Shattered Lives by : Binaifer Nowrojee

Download or read book Shattered Lives written by Binaifer Nowrojee and published by Human Rights Watch. This book was released on 1996 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rape of Hutu women

Preventing the Bloodbath

Author : A. Walter Dorn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing the Bloodbath by : A. Walter Dorn

Download or read book Preventing the Bloodbath written by A. Walter Dorn and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Genocide at the Millennium

Author : Samuel Totten
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9781138510319
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Genocide at the Millennium by : Samuel Totten

Download or read book Genocide at the Millennium written by Samuel Totten and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genocide at the Millennium is the fifth volume in the acclaimed series Genocide: A Critical Bibliographical Review. This latest volume's focus is both the genocidal activity that has taken place over the past fourteen years (including that in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia) as well as a critique of the international community's response to genocide and potential genocidal situations (including those of the United Nations and nongovernmental organizations). Genocide at the Millennium is divided into ten chapters. The opening chapter treats the Yugoslav genocide, discussing the causes of the conflict, the violence that ensued, the reaction of the international community, and the ramifications that are still being felt in that part of the world today. Chapter 2 provides a detailed and thought-provoking examination of the causes, results and ramifications of the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Chapter 3 examines the conflict in Kosovo and the events surrounding the controversial intervention by NATO. Chapter 4 discusses the remarkable efforts and successes that various non-governmental agencies have had in addressing a wide variety of issues related to genocide. Chapter 5 examines the United Nations' efforts to address the issue of genocide at the turn of the century. The role of individual states confronting issues and cases of genocide is analyzed in chapter 6. Chapter 7 gives a solid overview of the evolution of international law as it pertains to the crime of genocide and how and why major changes in such law have begun to take place in the 1990s and early 2000s. The international criminal tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia are considered in chapters 8 and 9. The concluding chapter provides an extremely detailed and highly informative overview of key aspects of the International Criminal Court. In keeping with the multidisciplinary approach of previous volumes in the series, each of the essays and accompanying annotated bibliographies have been written by experts in their fields, many of whom have worked for many years wrestling the thorny, and often horrific, issues germane to the issue of genocide.

The Order of Genocide

Author : Scott Straus
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801467144
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Order of Genocide by : Scott Straus

Download or read book The Order of Genocide written by Scott Straus and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-19 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rwandan genocide has become a touchstone for debates about the causes of mass violence and the responsibilities of the international community. Yet a number of key questions about this tragedy remain unanswered: How did the violence spread from community to community and so rapidly engulf the nation? Why did individuals make decisions that led them to take up machetes against their neighbors? And what was the logic that drove the campaign of extermination? According to Scott Straus, a social scientist and former journalist in East Africa for several years (who received a Pulitzer Prize nomination for his reporting for the Houston Chronicle), many of the widely held beliefs about the causes and course of genocide in Rwanda are incomplete. They focus largely on the actions of the ruling elite or the inaction of the international community. Considerably less is known about how and why elite decisions became widespread exterminatory violence. Challenging the prevailing wisdom, Straus provides substantial new evidence about local patterns of violence, using original research—including the most comprehensive surveys yet undertaken among convicted perpetrators—to assess competing theories about the causes and dynamics of the genocide. Current interpretations stress three main causes for the genocide: ethnic identity, ideology, and mass-media indoctrination (in particular the influence of hate radio). Straus's research does not deny the importance of ethnicity, but he finds that it operated more as a background condition. Instead, Straus emphasizes fear and intra-ethnic intimidation as the primary drivers of the violence. A defensive civil war and the assassination of a president created a feeling of acute insecurity. Rwanda's unusually effective state was also central, as was the country's geography and population density, which limited the number of exit options for both victims and perpetrators. In conclusion, Straus steps back from the particulars of the Rwandan genocide to offer a new, dynamic model for understanding other instances of genocide in recent history—the Holocaust, Armenia, Cambodia, the Balkans—and assessing the future likelihood of such events.