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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (949 download)
Download or read book Feasibility Study on Production of New Generation of Biodiesel Using Biodiesel Blends from Multiple Feedstocks written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Donald Mitchell
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821385178
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Biofuels in Africa written by Donald Mitchell and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-11-24 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new economic opportunity for sub-Saharan Africa is looming large: biofuel production. Rapidly rising energy prices are expected to remain high for an extended period of time because of the increasing demand in prospering and populous countries such as China and India, the depletion of easily accessible supplies of crude oil, and concern over global climate change. As a result, there is renewed interest in biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels. Africa is uniquely positioned to produce these new cash crops for both domestic use and export. The region has abundant land resources and preferential access to protected markets with higher-than-world-market prices. The rapid growth in the demand for transport fuels in Africa and high fuel prices create domestic markets for biofuels. The European Union and the United States have approved legislation that requires large increases in the consumption of biofuels over at least the next decade. Imports are expected to be needed to meet these mandates, thus opening the door to African and other developing countries that can produce biofuels or feedstocks for biofuels competitively. Expanding the production of crops for biofuels will affect the entire rural sector in Africa as resources are shifted away from traditional crops and the prices of all agricultural commodities rise. Even smallholders can participate in producing biofuel crops. To promote the sustainability and significant contribution of this enterprise, Biofuels in Africa provides guidance in formulating suitable policy regimes, which are based on protecting the rights of current land users, developing revenue-sharing schemes with local communities, safeguarding the environment and biodiversity, expanding institutional capacity, formulating new regulations and procedures, and emulating best practices from experienced countries. This volume will be of value to anyone interested in biofuels, including policy makers, development practitioners, private investors, researchers, and the general public. Now that African countries are trying to significantly increase their energy supply systems, biofuels are an attractive option using both dedicated crops and agricultural waste. This book provides guidance for them to develop a suitable policy regime for a significant contribution by biofuels. Professor Ogunlade R. Davidson, Minister of Energy and Water Resources, Sierra Leone Biofuels in Africa is a sorely needed resource for our understanding of the problems of expanding biofuels production in Africa. A high point of the book is a description of the projects that were started in several countries. A very useful book! Professor Jos Goldemberg, University of S o Paulo, Brazil As Africa most likely will play the same role for global biofuels as the Middle East does for oil, this comprehensive book on African biofuels should be compulsory reading for anyone interested in either African development or biofuels. The book captures the essence of long-term drivers and opportunities as well the complex challenges for investors and society of this huge emerging industry. Per Carstedt, Executive Chairman, EcoEnergy Africa
Author : Armen B. Avagyan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811357463
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Biodiesel: Feedstocks, Technologies, Economics and Barriers written by Armen B. Avagyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution policy is closely connected with climate change, public health, energy, transport, trade, and agriculture, and generally speaking, the Earth has been pushed to the brink and the damage is becoming increasingly obvious. The transport sector remains a foremost source of air pollutants – a fact that has stimulated the production of biofuels. This book focuses on the biodiesel industry, and proposes a modification of the entire manufacturing chain that would pave the way for further improvements. Oil derived from oilseed plantations/crops is the most commonly used feedstock for the production of biodiesel. At the same time, the UK’s Royal Academy of Engineering and 178 scientists in the Netherlands have determined that some biofuels, such as diesel produced from food crops, have led to more emissions than those produced by fossil fuels. Accordingly, this book re-evaluates the full cycle of biodiesel production in order to help find optimal solutions. It confirms that the production and use of fertilizers for the cultivation of crop feedstocks generate considerably more GHG emissions compared to the mitigation achieved by using biodiesel. To address this fertilization challenge, projecting future biofuel development requires a scenario in which producers shift to an organic agriculture approach that includes the use of microalgae. Among advanced biofuels, algae’s advantages as a feedstock include the highest conversion of solar energy, and the ability to absorb CO2 and pollutants; as such, it is the better choice for future fuels. With regard to the question of why algae’s benefits have not been capitalized on for biofuel production, our analyses indicate that the sole main barrier to realizing algae’s biofuel potential is ineffective international and governmental policies, which create difficulties in reconciling the goals of economic development and environmental protection.
Author : John A. Kinast
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Production of Biodiesels from Multiple Feedstocks and Properties of Biodiesels and Biodiesel/diesel Blends written by John A. Kinast and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R Luque
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857095862
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)
Download or read book Advances in Biodiesel Production written by R Luque and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is one of the main biofuels capable of substituting fossil fuel usage in compression ignition vehicles, and is used in a variety of fuel blends worldwide. First-generation biodiesel has been used in national markets for some time, with fuel quality standards in place for this purpose. There remain, however, several restrictions to sustainable and long term market development, which is influenced by many factors, including food vs. fuel pressures. The development of new generations of biodiesel, aimed at more sustainable and effective feedstock utilisation alongside improved production efficiency and fuel quality, is critical to the future both of this industry and of the continuing use of biodiesel fuels in transportation. This book provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies. Part one reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards. This coverage is extended in Part two, with chapters focussing on the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Advances in biodiesel production a standard reference for chemical, biochemical and industrial process engineers, as well as scientists and researchers in this important field. Provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies Reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards Discusses the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies
Author : A. Arumugam
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 032385897X
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)
Download or read book Production of Biodiesel from Non-Edible Sources written by A. Arumugam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-10 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Production of Biodiesel from Non-Edible Sources: Technological Updates offers a step-by-step guide to the production of biodiesel, providing comparisons of existing methods, new and state-of-the-art technologies, and real-world examples of implementation. The book discusses all potential non-edible feedstocks for biodiesel production, providing their properties, availability, and processing, including deeper insights into kinetic models and simulation of biodiesel fermentation. Readers will gain knowledge of existing parameters and methods for biodiesel production, optimization, scale-up, and sustainability, along with guidance on the practical implementation of these methods and techniques. Finally, environmental sustainability, techno-economic analysis, and policymaking aspects are considered and put into the context of future prospects. This book offers a step-by-step guide for researchers and industry practitioners involved in bioenergy, renewable energy, biofuels production and bioconversion processes. Provides step-by-step guidance on key processes and procedures Reviews all the available non-edible feedstocks for biodiesel production and presents their properties, pros and cons Presents pilot and industry-scale case studies on the implementation of biodiesel production from non-edible feedstocks Addresses optimization, environmental sustainability, economic viability and policy issues to support commercialization
Author : J. A. Kinast
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Production of Biodiesels from Multiple Feedstocks and Properties of Biodiesels and Biodiesel/Diesel Blends written by J. A. Kinast and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a project sponsored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the Institute of Gas Technology is conducting an investigation of biodiesels produced from vegetable and animal based feedstocks. This subcontract report presents their findings.
Author : Jon Harlan Van Gerpen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Business Management for Biodiesel Producers written by Jon Harlan Van Gerpen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119771331
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)
Download or read book Biodiesel Production written by Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An incisive discussion of biofuel production from an economically informed technical perspective that addresses sustainability and commercialization together In Biodiesel Production: Feedstocks, Catalysts and Technologies, renowned chemists Drs Rokhum, Halder, Ngaosuwan and Assabumrungrat present an up-to-date account of the most recent developments, challenges, and trends in biodiesel production. The book addresses select feedstocks, including edible and non-edible oils, waste cooking oil, microalgae, and animal fats, and highlights their advantages and disadvantages from a variety of perspectives. It also discusses several catalysts used in each of their methods of preparation, as well as their synthesis, reactivity, recycling techniques, and stability. The contributions explore recently developed technologies for sustainable production of biodiesel and provides robust treatments of their sustainability, commercialization, and their prospects for future biodiesel production. A thorough introduction to the various catalysts used in the preparation of biodiesel and their characteristics Comprehensive explorations of biofuel production from technical and economic perspectives, with complete treatments of their sustainability and commercialization Practical discussions of the development of new strategies for sustainable and economically viable biodiesel production In-depth examinations of biodiesel feedstocks, catalysts, and technologies Perfect for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in fields that involve biofuels, bioenergy, catalysis, and materials science, Biodiesel Production: Feedstocks, Catalysts and Technologies will also earn a place in the libraries of bioenergy regulators.
Author : Aijaz Baig
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (988 download)
Download or read book Development of a Green Heterogeneous-catalyzed Process for the Production of Astm-standard Biodiesel from Multi-feedstocks written by Aijaz Baig and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is a renewable and biodegradable alternative green fuel for petroleum-based diesel. The major obstacle for the production of biodiesel at an industrial scale is the high production cost, which is related to the relative high price of the conventional “1st generation feedstocks” (refined vegetable oils) used. This problem can be addressed by using low cost feedstocks such as waste oils and fats. However, these feedstocks contain high amounts of free fatty acids (FFA) which cannot be used for the production of biodiesel using a traditional homogeneous alkali-catalyzed transesterification process. Furthermore, there is a great need to develop a green process which can be used for multiple feedstocks. This shows the universal ability of the process to be adopted as per availability of local feedstock. In this study, a single-step second generation heterogeneous-catalyzed process is developed to produce biodiesel from multi-feedstocks. Due to an increase in the commercial use of biodiesel and biodiesel blends, both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 include the acid number (AN) as an important quality parameter. Currently, ASTM D974 and D664 analytical methods for acid number analysis of biodiesel are time consuming, expensive, and environmentally not friendly. Therefore, ASTM D974 has been modified and a green analytical method has been developed. This extensive study has demonstrated that this new method is a reliable method for the determination of AN and could be used for establishing the specifications of AN for biodiesel and biodiesel blends ranging from B1 to B20 in quality standards. The ASTM reference standard method D664, has major problems such as the use of excess toxic solvents, large sample size, mediocre reproducibility, tedious process for cleaning electrodes, and relatively long analysis time. Therefore, a new proposed method based on green chemistry approaches, has been developed to determine the acid number of biodiesel and biodiesel blends using small sample size and reduced toxic titration solvent. This proposed green analytical method could be used for the determination of AN of biodiesel and biodiesel blends in R&D as well as industrial quality control laboratories as a simple, time-efficient, cost effective and environmentally friendly method.
Author : Hyunsoo Joo
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 100008471X
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book World Biodiesel Policies and Production written by Hyunsoo Joo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-31 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the evolution of biodiesel technologies along with government policies of major biodiesel producing countries with their backgrounds, impacts, changes, and other energy forms. Biodiesel feedstock and biodiesel production technologies including green algae and methanol are presented as separate topics. Changes in the feedstock types and the corresponding technologies are presented, and their impacts on the biodiesel policies are explained. The life cycle analysis (LCA) in research and policy design of biodiesel is discussed and the findings are given for different feedstocks in terms of greenhouse gases, energy, and other impact categories.
Author : Greg Pahl
Publisher : Chelsea Green Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1933392967
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (333 download)
Download or read book Biodiesel written by Greg Pahl and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For anyone who is trying to keep up with the extremely rapid developments in the biodiesel industry, the second edition of Biodiesel: Growing a New Energy Economy is an invaluable aid. The breathtaking speed with which biodiesel has gained acceptance in the marketplace in the past few years has been exceeded only by the proliferation of biodiesel production facilities around the United States--and the world--only to confront new social and environmental challenges and criticisms. The international survey of the biodiesel industry has been expanded from 40 to more than 80 countries, reflecting the spectacular growth of the industry around the world. This section also tracks the dramatic shifts in the fortunes of the industry that have taken place in some of these nations. The detailed chapters that cover the industry in the United States have also been substantially rewritten to keep abreast of its many new developments and explosive domestic growth. An expanded section on small-scale, local biodiesel production has been added to better represent this small but growing part of the industry. Another new section has been added to more fully explore the increasingly controversial issues of deforestation and food versus fuel, as well as GMO crops. The second edition concludes with updated views on where the industry is headed in the years to come from some of its key players.
Author : Meisam Tabatabaei
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030009858
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Biodiesel written by Meisam Tabatabaei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents in-depth information on the state of the art of global biodiesel production and investigates its impact on climate change. Subsequently, it comprehensively discusses biodiesel production in terms of production systems (reactor technologies) as well as biodiesel purification and upgrading technologies. Moreover, the book reviews essential parameters in biodiesel production systems as well as major principles of operation, process control, and trouble-shooting in these systems. Conventional and emerging applications of biodiesel by-products with a view to further economize biodiesel production are also scrutinized. Separate chapters are dedicated to economic risk analysis and critical comparison of biodiesel production systems as well as techno-economical aspects of biodiesel plants. The book also thoroughly investigates the important aspects of biodiesel production and combustion by taking advantage of advanced sustainability analysis tools including life cycle assessment (LCA) and exergy techniques. In closing, the application of Omics technologies in biodiesel production is presented and discussed. This book is relevant to anyone with an interest in renewable, more sustainable fuel and energy solutions.
Author : Bhaskar Singh
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128242310
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)
Download or read book Waste and Biodiesel written by Bhaskar Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-28 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste and Biodiesel: Feedstocks and Precursors for Catalysts is a comprehensive reference on waste material utilization at various stages of the biodiesel production process. The book discusses the technologies for converting cooking oil and waste animal fats to biodiesel, along with the efficacy of municipal waste derived lipids in biodiesel production. The use of wastewater-grown microalgae feedstock, oleaginous fungi, bacteria and yeast produced using waste substrate are also discussed. The use of various catalysts is addressed, including CaO derived from waste shell materials, fish and animal waste, inorganic waste materials like red mud and cement waste, and whole cell enzymes using waste substrate. Each chapter addresses the challenges of high production costs at a pilot and industrial scale, offering methods of cost reduction and waste remediation. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals in environmental science, energy and renewable energy. Provides a comprehensive assessment of waste for biodiesel production, including novel feedstocks such as waste cooking oil, animal fats and municipal waste Discusses the synthesis of cost-effective catalysts from various waste materials such as animal bones, fish scales, shells, red mud and cement waste Presents multiple methods of cost reduction in biodiesel production, e.g., by utilizing waste as a nutrient source for oleaginous algae and fungi
Author : Meisam Tabatabaei
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128204850
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)
Download or read book Sustainable Biodiesel written by Meisam Tabatabaei and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-06-23 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Biodiesel: Real-World Designs, Economics, and Applications offers a unique, integrated approach that combines cutting-edge research results and the day-to-day aspects of biodiesel production at the industrial level. It brings together experienced academics and recognized industry experts to explore the most practical elements of research and discuss the limitations and future needs of the industry. The book critically reviews strategies for implementing biodiesel-based biorefineries, feedstock supply chains, reactor technologies, processes for biodiesel production, and biodiesel combustion, including advanced fuel formulations containing biodiesel. The authors examine biodiesel plants from the point of view of design, operation, quality control, and sustainability, including life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC). Policy and regulatory constraints in biodiesel production and commercialization as well as future trends and needs of the industry are also covered. This book, as a volume of the "Biomass and Biofuels" series, provides researchers and practitioners in the field of biomass and biofuels with a well-rounded understanding of how the technologies developed in the lab can be deployed at commercial scale in a sustainable and cost-efficient way. This allows biofuels researchers to better develop technology that is fit for upscaling in an industrial setting and complies with sustainability goals. Practicing engineers, on the other hand, find in this volume up-to-date information on available technology, the latest advances, and future trends that will inform their decision-making when planning, implementing, and troubleshooting biodiesel-based bioenergy systems. Sheds light on the real-world aspects of biodiesel production while also covering the cutting-edge research results in the field Integrates design, economics, and sustainability aspects, minimizing the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical expertise, as well as between technical aspects and environmental and economic performances Includes realistic examples and case studies of applications of state-of-the-methodologies for life cycle assessment, life cycle impact assessment, and life cycle costing
Author : Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128143339
Total Pages : 986 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-12 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance provides an important guide to recognizing, assessing and addressing the broad range of environmental factors that can inhibit rice yield. As a staple food for nearly half of the world’s population, and in light of projected population growth, improving and increasing rice yield is imperative. This book presents current research on abiotic stresses including extreme temperature variance, drought, hypoxia, salinity, heavy metal, nutrient deficiency and toxicity stresses. Going further, it identifies a variety of approaches to alleviate the damaging effects and improving the stress tolerance of rice. Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance provides an important reference for those ensuring optimal yields from this globally important food crop. Covers aspects of abiotic stress, from research, history, practical field problems faced by rice, and the possible remedies to the adverse effects of abiotic stresses Provides practical insights into a wide range of management and crop improvement practices Presents a valuable, single-volume sourcebook for rice scientists dealing with agronomy, physiology, molecular biology and biotechnology
Author : Jingjing Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (793 download)
Download or read book Feasibility Study for a Community Scale Conversion of Trap Grease to Biodiesel written by Jingjing Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is experiencing fossil fuel depletion, global warming and environmental deterioration due to the overuse of fossil fuels. Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, is considered as part of the solution. Biodiesel has experienced rapid development and commercialization in the past decade, and the technology for biodiesel production has greatly improved in handling multiple feedstocks. But the development of the biodiesel industry is still facing challenges. The major obstacle to the wide use of biodiesel is that biodiesel is not cost-competitive compared with diesel fuels. The industry is constantly searching for low-cost, or even no-cost feedstocks. Therefore, trap grease can potentially serve as a promising biodiesel feedstock to boost the biodiesel industry. Trap grease is a mixture of oils, food debris and kitchen wastes. It is generated in grease traps in restaurants. In most municipalities in the US, trap grease, after being pumped out from grease traps by grease haulers, is either sent to wastewater treatment plant or directly to landfills. An intensive literature review has been conducted and the following facts have been obtained. In the US, grease is the number one cause of clogging of public sewers, which results in costly sanitary overflow or combined sewer overflows. Various utilization ways of trap grease include composting, land application, anaerobic co-digestion, making biodiesel, combustion, incineration and rendering, etc. If trap grease is utilized as a feedstock for biodiesel production, it is not only beneficial to the biodiesel industry, but also helps solve the trap grease disposal issue. However, the challenge lies in the extraction of the oil fractions from this highly heterogeneous low grade feedstock. The goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a community scale conversion of trap grease to biodiesel. Trap grease sample used for this study was obtained from the Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati (designated as MSD-TG). The MSD-TG mainly consists of water (58.94%), free fatty acids (FFAs) (20.69%) and unextractable part/solids (18.17%), with the lipid part of the MSD-TG being almost all FFAs. This study uses waste cooking oil (WCO) to extract the oil faction from the MSD-TG. WCO is also a low-cost biodiesel feedstock oil and using WCO as the solvent removes the solvent recovery step in the pretreatment process. The optimum extraction conditions were studied. It was found that 60° is the optimum extraction temperature. And at 60°, the optimum extraction duration is 90 minutes and the optimum extraction ratio is 4:1 (for every 10g of the MSD-TG 40mL (36g) of WCO is used). The extraction performance of WCO was evaluated by comparing it with three other organic solvents, methanol, hexane and isopropyl alcohol/hexane (2:1, v/v). WCO shows comparable performance among the four solvents. Based on the survey from trap grease haulers, the quantity of the grease trap waste (as semi solids) generated in Cincinnati is estimated to vary from 1.48 to 3.97 million pounds annually.
