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Feasibility Study Into The Effects Of Low Income Material Deprivation And Parental Employment On Outcomes For Children Both In Adulthood And As Children
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Book Synopsis Feasibility Study Into the Effects of Low Income, Material Deprivation and Parental Employment on Outcomes for Children Both in Adulthood and as Children by : Ian Plewis
Download or read book Feasibility Study Into the Effects of Low Income, Material Deprivation and Parental Employment on Outcomes for Children Both in Adulthood and as Children written by Ian Plewis and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309483980 Total Pages :619 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Book Synopsis Consequences of Growing Up Poor by : Greg J. Duncan
Download or read book Consequences of Growing Up Poor written by Greg J. Duncan and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1997-06-19 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in five American children now live in families with incomes below the povertyline, and their prospects are not bright. Low income is statistically linked with a variety of poor outcomes for children, from low birth weight and poor nutrition in infancy to increased chances of academic failure, emotional distress, and unwed childbirth in adolescence. To address these problems it is not enough to know that money makes a difference; we need to understand how. Consequences of Growing Up Poor is an extensive and illuminating examination of the paths through which economic deprivation damages children at all stages of their development. In Consequences of Growing Up Poor, developmental psychologists, economists, and sociologists revisit a large body of studies to answer specific questions about how low income puts children at risk intellectually, emotionally, and physically. Many of their investigations demonstrate that although income clearly creates disadvantages, it does so selectively and in a wide variety of ways. Low-income preschoolers exhibit poorer cognitive and verbal skills because they are generally exposed to fewer toys, books, and other stimulating experiences in the home. Poor parents also tend to rely on home-based child care, where the quality and amount of attention children receive is inferior to that of professional facilities. In later years, conflict between economically stressed parents increases anxiety and weakens self-esteem in their teenaged children. Although they share economic hardships, the home lives of poor children are not homogenous. Consequences of Growing Up Poor investigates whether such family conditions as the marital status, education, and involvement of parents mitigate the ill effects of poverty. Consequences of Growing Up Poor also looks at the importance of timing: Does being poor have a different impact on preschoolers, children, and adolescents? When are children most vulnerable to poverty? Some contributors find that poverty in the prenatal or early childhood years appears to be particularly detrimental to cognitive development and physical health. Others offer evidence that lower income has a stronger negative effect during adolescence than in childhood or adulthood. Based on their findings, the editors and contributors to Consequences of Growing Up Poor recommend more sharply focused child welfare policies targeted to specific eras and conditions of poor children's lives. They also weigh the relative need for income supplements, child care subsidies, and home interventions. Consequences of Growing Up Poor describes the extent and causes of hardships for poor children, defines the interaction between income and family, and offers solutions to improve young lives. JEANNE BROOKS-GUNN is Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor of Child Development at Teachers College, Columbia University. She is also director of the Center for Young Children and Families, and co-directs the Adolescent Study Program at Teachers College.
Download or read book Labour Market Trends written by and published by . This book was released on 2004-05 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consequences of Growing Up Poor by : Greg J. Duncan
Download or read book Consequences of Growing Up Poor written by Greg J. Duncan and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1997-06-19 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in five American children now live in families with incomes below the povertyline, and their prospects are not bright. Low income is statistically linked with a variety of poor outcomes for children, from low birth weight and poor nutrition in infancy to increased chances of academic failure, emotional distress, and unwed childbirth in adolescence. To address these problems it is not enough to know that money makes a difference; we need to understand how. Consequences of Growing Up Poor is an extensive and illuminating examination of the paths through which economic deprivation damages children at all stages of their development. In Consequences of Growing Up Poor, developmental psychologists, economists, and sociologists revisit a large body of studies to answer specific questions about how low income puts children at risk intellectually, emotionally, and physically. Many of their investigations demonstrate that although income clearly creates disadvantages, it does so selectively and in a wide variety of ways. Low-income preschoolers exhibit poorer cognitive and verbal skills because they are generally exposed to fewer toys, books, and other stimulating experiences in the home. Poor parents also tend to rely on home-based child care, where the quality and amount of attention children receive is inferior to that of professional facilities. In later years, conflict between economically stressed parents increases anxiety and weakens self-esteem in their teenaged children. Although they share economic hardships, the home lives of poor children are not homogenous. Consequences of Growing Up Poor investigates whether such family conditions as the marital status, education, and involvement of parents mitigate the ill effects of poverty. Consequences of Growing Up Poor also looks at the importance of timing: Does being poor have a different impact on preschoolers, children, and adolescents? When are children most vulnerable to poverty? Some contributors find that poverty in the prenatal or early childhood years appears to be particularly detrimental to cognitive development and physical health. Others offer evidence that lower income has a stronger negative effect during adolescence than in childhood or adulthood. Based on their findings, the editors and contributors to Consequences of Growing Up Poor recommend more sharply focused child welfare policies targeted to specific eras and conditions of poor children's lives. They also weigh the relative need for income supplements, child care subsidies, and home interventions. Consequences of Growing Up Poor describes the extent and causes of hardships for poor children, defines the interaction between income and family, and offers solutions to improve young lives. JEANNE BROOKS-GUNN is Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor of Child Development at Teachers College, Columbia University. She is also director of the Center for Young Children and Families, and co-directs the Adolescent Study Program at Teachers College.
Book Synopsis A Two-Generational Child-Focused Program Enhanced with Employment Services by : JoAnn Hsueh
Download or read book A Two-Generational Child-Focused Program Enhanced with Employment Services written by JoAnn Hsueh and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children living in poverty face considerable developmental risks. This report presents interim results from an evaluation of parental employment and educational services delivered within a two-generational, early childhood program targeting low-income families who are expecting a child or who have a child under age 3. This study is part of the Enhanced Services for the Hard-to-Employ Demonstration and Evaluation project, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, with additional funding from the U.S. Department of Labor. The program model tested here aims to dually address both the employment and educational needs of parents who are at risk of unemployment and the developmental needs of their young children. The program's effects are being studied by examining 610 families who were randomly assigned to a program group, which received the enhanced two-generational program, or to a control group, which could only access alternative services in the community. Key findings of this study include: (1) The programs increased their focus on parental employment and educational needs, but the implementation of the enhancements was weak; (2) Take-up of the enhanced parental employment and educational services was lower than expected; (3) The program increased families' receipt of child-focused developmental services, but the control group also reporting receiving high levels of such assistance; and (4) The short-term impacts of the program 18 months after families entered the study are mixed. This evaluation is in an early stage and will eventually include three and a half years of follow-up. Future investigation will be valuable in determining the extent to which the patterns of impacts presented here are enduring and robust over time. A final report is planned to be released in 2011. Appended are: (1) Response Bias Analysis: 18-Month Survey of Parents and Direct Child Assessments; (2) Characteristics of Sample Members at Baseline, by Child's Age; (3) Cost Analysis of the Programs in the Study Sites; (4) Impacts on Service Receipt; (5) Impacts on Child Care; (6) Impacts on Employment; and (7) Impacts on Parent and Child Outcomes. Individual chapters contain footnotes. (Contains 62 tables, 3 figures and 7 boxes.) [For Executive Summary, see ED518872.].
Book Synopsis The Influence of Parental Income on Children's Outcomes by : Susan E. Mayer
Download or read book The Influence of Parental Income on Children's Outcomes written by Susan E. Mayer and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309484014 Total Pages :619 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-08-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Book Synopsis Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics by : Heidi M Feldman
Download or read book Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics written by Heidi M Feldman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-08-18 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the major advances in biomedical, psychological, social, and environmental sciences over the past decade, Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, 5th Edition, remains the reference of choice for professionals in a wide range of fields, including medicine and health care, education, social service, advocacy, and public policy. This foundational, pioneering resource emphasizes children’s assets and liabilities, not just categorical labels. Comprehensive in scope, it offers information and guidance on normal development and behavior, psychosocial, and biologic influences on development, developmental disorders, neurodevelopmental disabilities, and mental health conditions. It also discusses tools and strategies for diagnosis and management, including new assessments that can be used in telehealth encounters. Offers a highly practical focus, emphasizing clinical approaches to evaluation, counseling, treatment, and ongoing care. Provides new or expanded information on theoretical foundations of human development and behavior; trauma, adverse childhood events, and resilience across the life span; mechanisms of genetic, epigenetic, and neurological conditions; and principles of psychological assessment, including a broad array of evaluation approaches. Discusses management and treatment for developmental and behavioral conditions, spanning common factors, cognitive behavior therapies, rehabilitative services, integrative medicine, and psychopharmacology. Contains up-to-date chapters on celebrating socio-cultural diversity and addressing racism and bias, acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorder in youth, sexuality and variation, and alternatives to restrictive guardianship. Begins each chapter with a colorful vignette that demonstrates the importance of the human dimensions of developmental-behavioral pediatrics. Offers viewpoints from an interdisciplinary team of editors and contributors, representing developmental-behavioral pediatrics, general pediatrics, psychiatry, psychology, occupational and physical therapy, speech-language pathology, and law. Provides the latest drug information in the updated and revised chapters on psychopharmacology. Includes key points boxes, tables, pictures, and diagrams to clarify and enhance the text.
Book Synopsis Making It Work by : Hirokazu Yoshikawa
Download or read book Making It Work written by Hirokazu Yoshikawa and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2006-12-07 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-skilled women in the 1990s took widely different paths in trying to support their children. Some held good jobs with growth potential, some cycled in and out of low-paying jobs, some worked part time, and others stayed out of the labor force entirely. Scholars have closely analyzed the economic consequences of these varied trajectories, but little research has focused on the consequences of a mother's career path on her children's development. Making It Work, edited by Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Thomas Weisner, and Edward Lowe, looks past the economic statistics to illustrate how different employment trajectories affect the social and emotional lives of poor women and their children. Making It Work examines Milwaukee's New Hope program, an experiment testing the effectiveness of an anti-poverty initiative that provided health and child care subsidies, wage supplements, and other services to full-time low-wage workers. Employing parent surveys, teacher reports, child assessment measures, ethnographic studies, and state administrative records, Making It Work provides a detailed picture of how a mother's work trajectory affects her, her family, and her children's school performance, social behavior, and expectations for the future. Rashmita Mistry and Edward D. Lowe find that increases in a mother's income were linked to higher school performance in her children. Without large financial worries, mothers gained extra confidence in their ability to parent, which translated into better test scores and higher teacher appraisals for their children. JoAnn Hsueh finds that the children of women with erratic work schedules and non-standard hours—conditions endemic to the low-skilled labor market—exhibited higher levels of anxiety and depression. Conversely, Noemi Enchautegui-de-Jesus, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, and Vonnie McLoyd discover that better job quality predicted lower levels of acting-out and withdrawal among children. Perhaps most surprisingly, Anna Gassman-Pines, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, and Sandra Nay note that as wages for these workers rose, so did their marriage rates, suggesting that those worried about family values should also be concerned with alleviating poverty in America. It is too simplistic to say that parental work is either "good" or "bad" for children. Making It Work gives a nuanced view of how job quality, flexibility, and wages are of the utmost importance for the well-being of low-income parents and children.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Parents' Employment on Children's Lives by : John Ermisch
Download or read book The Effects of Parents' Employment on Children's Lives written by John Ermisch and published by Associated University Presse. This book was released on 2001 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines links between parents' employment patterns while raising children and what happens when those children become young adults. Some of its findings carry important implications for public policy and for further research. A number are likely to prove controversial, arousing public debate concerning their meaning and relevance.
Book Synopsis Income Unpredictability and Child and Adolescent Development by : Zhi Li
Download or read book Income Unpredictability and Child and Adolescent Development written by Zhi Li and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many children growing up today experience substantial instability and unpredictability in their lives, long thought to undermine well-being, broadly conceived. The current dissertation sought to illuminate (a) the impact of early income unpredictability/volatility on child development, (b) the effects of the interaction of income harshness and unpredictability/volatility, (c) the role of parental factors that link early environmental conditions (i.e., income harshness, unpredictability, and harshness-X-unpredictability interaction) with child functioning, and (d) the feasibility of modeling environmental unpredictability as lack of temporal dependency in adjacent measurement occasions via multilevel autoregressive (AR) models, and the sample size required for deriving reliable model estimates. Paper 1 draws data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1364) to illuminate how environmental harshness and unpredictability—and their interaction—affect child and adolescent development. Early-life harshness was operationalized as the typical level of family income-to-needs based on repeated measurements across the first 4.5 years of life; early-life unpredictability was operationalized as random variation using the same repeated measurements of family income. Multiple significant harshness-X-unpredictability interactions indicated that children functioned the most competently as kindergarteners and as adolescents when exposed to low environmental harshness and low unpredictability and the least competently when they experienced high harshness and low unpredictability (i.e., predictably low income). Building on the findings from Paper 1, which documented the direct effects of environmental harshness, unpredictability, and harshness-X-unpredictability interaction, Paper 2 sought to illuminate proximate mechanisms linking distal, income-related environmental effects on child functioning. Drawing data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (N = 10,700), Paper 2 evaluates indirect effects—via parent negative psychology and harsh-inconsistent parenting—of income harshness, unpredictability, and their interaction on kindergarteners’ socioemotional development. Income harshness and unpredictability were both operationalized in the same manner as Paper 1. Results indicated that the adverse effects of greater income harshness and harshness-X- unpredictability interaction (reflecting more predictable income harshness) on child problems operated via both parent negative psychology and harshness-inconsistent parenting. Results from both Paper 1 and Paper 2 underscore the utility of simultaneously investigating effects of income harshness and unpredictability, as well as their interactions. While Paper 1 and Paper 2 both operationalized income unpredictability as the amount of variability in the family income after accounting for systematic trend, Paper 3 evaluated the feasibility of modeling environmental unpredictability/instability as lack of temporal dependency in longitudinal data, as quantified by the random AR coefficient (i.e., person-specific AR coefficient) in the first-order multilevel AR models. In particular, simulation and analyses of empirical data collected as part of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) were employed to investigate the time series length and sample size required to derive reliable first-order AR coefficients, which were then used to predict developmental outcomes. Overall, both simulation and the empirical analyses indicated that time-series length has a substantial impact on the reliability of random AR estimates, such that the correlation between the estimated and the true-values (or “ground-truth AR” obtained from the complete data in the empirical analyses) sharply decreases with shorter time-series length. However, sample size does not have a large impact on reliability. In addition, the empirical analyses indicated that greater income stability over the first 30 years of an individuals’ life, operationalized as greater random AR (1) coefficient (i.e., the person-specific AR [1] coefficient), was associated with higher educational attainment, but the power of prediction decreased substantially with fewer measurements of income per person used to determine the random AR estimates. Overall, the findings of this dissertation underscored the adverse effects of income unpredictability as well as income harshness-X-unpredictability interaction, reflecting predictable income harshness, on child problems. Parental factors (i.e., negative psychology, harsh-inconsistent parenting) function as proximate mechanisms linking income predictors with child development. Importantly, the level of income instability/unpredictability can be captured by the lack of temporal dependency between adjacent occasions, although with fewer repeated measurements, reliability of the temporal-dependency indicator (i.e., AR [1] coefficient) is substantially undermined.
Author :Paul Roberts Publisher :[Hull, Quebec] : Applied Research Branch, Human Resources Development Canada ISBN 13 : Total Pages :84 pages Book Rating :4.E/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Children and Familial Economic Welfare by : Paul Roberts
Download or read book Children and Familial Economic Welfare written by Paul Roberts and published by [Hull, Quebec] : Applied Research Branch, Human Resources Development Canada. This book was released on 2002 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides an initial assessment of the evidence of the effect of income on child development. It addresses the following: the income fluctuation that children's families experience year to year; the proportion of children that spend time in low income situations and how long; the proportion that leave or enter low income situations; the importance of income in affecting children's outcomes as described by cognitive & behavioural measures; whether income have a different effect on children at different ages or stages of development; and the proportions of these income fluctuations that are related to labour-market changes & to changes in family structure. The study data are drawn from the share file of the first two cycles (1994-95 & 1996-97) of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children & Youth. The researchers use cross-tabular analysis to observe the correlation between families' changing economic circumstances and children's developmental outcomes. The analysis then proceeds to investigate the independent effect of income on child outcomes employing a regression model.
Book Synopsis The Circumstances of Persistently Poor Families with Children by : Matt Barnes
Download or read book The Circumstances of Persistently Poor Families with Children written by Matt Barnes and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes statistics.
Book Synopsis Why Money Matters by : Jason Strelitz
Download or read book Why Money Matters written by Jason Strelitz and published by Save the Children UK. This book was released on 2008 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why Money Matters offers compelling fresh evidence and new insights on the relationship between family income, poverty and children's lives. Written by leading experts in the field, it brings together up-to-date and accessible information and analysis from a variety of sectors, including education, health and welfare. Issues explored include the impact of debt on family life, the psychological effects of the struggle to make ends meet, and new evidence of the direct consequences of poverty on children's achievement and life chances. Why Money Matters presents a powerful case for putting family income at the heart of the poverty debate. It will be of particular interest to policy-makers, researchers, students and academics.
Book Synopsis Wasting America's Future by : Marian Wright Edelman
Download or read book Wasting America's Future written by Marian Wright Edelman and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 1994-10-31 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Health and Human Services poverty line for a three-person family in America is $11,8oo in annual income. One in every five American children is growing up in poverty. What does child poverty mean for the economic and societal future of our country? The Children's Defense Fund, widely considered the most powerful force for children in America, has assembled expert and ground-breaking information on how poverty affects health, childhood deaths, low birth weight, and injury; on the insidious connections between low family income and learning disabilities; on links between poverty, abuse, and neglect and self-esteem; and much more. Wasting America's Future is the crucial citizen's handbook as we continue the national debate on welfare reform.
Book Synopsis Parents' Incomes and Children's Outcomes by : Randall K. Q. Akee
Download or read book Parents' Incomes and Children's Outcomes written by Randall K. Q. Akee and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
