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Fascismo E Scienza
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Book Synopsis Racial Science in Hitler's New Europe, 1938-1945 by : Anton Weiss-Wendt
Download or read book Racial Science in Hitler's New Europe, 1938-1945 written by Anton Weiss-Wendt and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Racial Science in Hitler’s New Europe, 1938–1945, international scholars examine the theories of race that informed the legal, political, and social policies aimed against ethnic minorities in Nazi-dominated Europe. The essays explicate how racial science, preexisting racist sentiments, and pseudoscientific theories of race that were preeminent in interwar Europe ultimately facilitated Nazi racial designs for a “New Europe.” The volume examines racial theories in a number of European nation-states in order to understand racial thinking at large, the origins of the Holocaust, and the history of ethnic discrimination in each of those countries. The essays, by uncovering neglected layers of complexity, diversity, and nuance, demonstrate how local discourse on race paralleled Nazi racial theory but had unique nationalist intellectual traditions of racial thought. Written by rising scholars who are new to English-language audiences, this work examines the scientific foundations that central, eastern, northern, and southern European countries laid for ethnic discrimination, the attempted annihilation of Jews, and the elimination of other so-called inferior peoples.
Book Synopsis Science Policies and Twentieth-Century Dictatorships by : Amparo Gómez
Download or read book Science Policies and Twentieth-Century Dictatorships written by Amparo Gómez and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making a fresh contribution to the political history of science, this book explores the connections between the science policies of three countries that each experienced considerable political upheaval in the twentieth century: Spain, Italy and Argentina. By focussing on these three countries, the contributors are able to present case studies that highlight the characteristics and specificities of the democratic and dictatorial political processes involved in the production of science and technology. The focus on dictatorship presents the opportunity to expand our knowledge -beyond the more extensive literature about science in Nazi Germany and Stalinist USSR -about the level of political involvement of scientists in non-democratic contexts and to what extent they act as politicians in different contexts. Key topics covered include the new forms of organization and institutionalization of science in the twentieth century; the involvement of scientific communities in the governance of science and its institutions; the role of ideology in scientific development; the scientific practices adopted by scientific communities in different contexts; and the characteristics of science and technology produced in these contexts.
Book Synopsis Rethinking the History of Italian Fascism by : Giulia Albanese
Download or read book Rethinking the History of Italian Fascism written by Giulia Albanese and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-03-10 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last years, the discussion around what is fascism, if this concept can be applied to present forms of politics and if its seeds are still present today, became central in the political debate. This discussion led to a vast reconsideration of the meaning and the experience of fascism in Europe and is changing the ways in which scholars of different generations look at this political ideology and come back to it and it is also changing the ways in which we consider the experience of Italian fascism in the European and global context. The aim of the book is building a general history of Fascism and its historiography through the analysis of 13 different fundamental aspects, which were at the core of Fascist project or of Fascist practices during the regime. Each essay considers a specific and meaningful aspect of the history of Italian fascism, reflecting on it from the vantage point of a case study. The essays thus reinterrogates the history of Fascism to understand in which way Fascism was able to mould the historical context in which it was born, how and if it transformed political, cultural, social elements that were already present in Italy. The themes considered are violence, empire, war, politics, economy, religion, culture, but also antifascism and the impact of Fascism abroad, especially in the Twenties and at the beginnings of the Thirties. The book could be both used for a general public interested in the history of Europe in the interwar period and for an academic and scholarly public, since the essays aim to develop a provocative reflection on their own area of research.
Book Synopsis The Sciences in the European Periphery During the Enlightenment by : K. Gavroglu
Download or read book The Sciences in the European Periphery During the Enlightenment written by K. Gavroglu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles in this volume of ARCHIMEDES examine particular cases of `reception' in ways that emphasize pressing historiographical and methodological issues. Such issues arise in any consideration of the transmission and appropriation of scientific concepts and practices that originated in the several `centers' of European learning, subsequently to appear (often in considerably altered guise) in regions at the European periphery. They discuss the transfer of new scientific ideas, the mechanisms of their introduction, and the processes of their appropriation at the periphery. The themes that frame the discussions of the complex relationship between the origination of ideas and their reception include the ways in which the ideas of the Scientific Revolution were introduced, the particularities of their expression in each place, the specific forms of resistance encountered by these new ideas, the extent to which such expression and resistance displays national characteristics, the procedures through which new ways of dealing with nature were made legitimate, and the commonalities and differences between the methods developed by scholars for handling scientific issues.
Book Synopsis A History of Italian Fascist Culture, 1922–1943 by : Alessandra Tarquini
Download or read book A History of Italian Fascist Culture, 1922–1943 written by Alessandra Tarquini and published by University of Wisconsin Pres. This book was released on 2022-04-12 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alessandra Tarquini’s A History of Italian Fascist Culture, 1922–1943 is widely recognized as an authoritative synthesis of the field. The book was published to much critical acclaim in 2011 and revised and expanded five years later. This long-awaited translation presents Tarquini’s compact, clear prose to readers previously unable to read it in the original Italian. Tarquini sketches the universe of Italian fascism in three broad directions: the regime’s cultural policies, the condition of various art forms and scholarly disciplines, and the ideology underpinning the totalitarian state. She details the choices the ruling class made between 1922 and 1943, revealing how cultural policies shaped the country and how intellectuals and artists contributed to those decisions. The result is a view of fascist ideology as a system of visions, ideals, and, above all, myths capable of orienting political action and promoting a precise worldview. Building on George L. Mosse’s foundational research, Tarquini provides the best single-volume work available to fully understand a complex and challenging subject. It reveals how the fascists used culture—art, cinema, music, theater, and literature—to build a conservative revolution that purported to protect the traditional social fabric while presenting itself as maximally oriented toward the future.
Book Synopsis Fascist Europe by : Monica Fioravanzo
Download or read book Fascist Europe written by Monica Fioravanzo and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2024-02-02 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By shedding light on an often-overlooked aspect of Fascism and Nazism, this book examines the ambitious plans for a new European order conceived by Italian intellectuals, historians, geographers, politicians, and even student representative of the Fascist University Groups (GUF). Through expert reconstruction of the debate on this envisaged order’s development, Monica Fioravanzo opens a window into the theoretical arena that shaped relationships between German, Italy and the other Axis nations and provides insight into how the project was anticipated to unite the Fascist regime in Italy and the Nazi Reich.
Book Synopsis The Italian Genius on Display by : Francesco Barreca
Download or read book The Italian Genius on Display written by Francesco Barreca and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-07-04 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Held in Florence in 1929, the First National Exhibition of History of Science was a pivotal event in the shaping of Italian cultural panorama. With more than 8000 items on display coming from public and private lenders, it showed the general public how rich the Italian scientific heritage was and how it could be regarded as part of a general nation-claiming narrative, thus laying the foundation for today’s protection policy and scholarly research. Moreover, it is also a telling case-study that offers precious insights into the complex relationships between cultural enterprises and political power during the fascist era, helping us understand how today’s geography of Italian cultural institutions have been shaped and reshaped through time.
Book Synopsis A Social History of Administrative Science in Italy by : Andrea Rapini
Download or read book A Social History of Administrative Science in Italy written by Andrea Rapini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the origins, life and death of Administrative Science in Italy as an academic discipline between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It does so by combining the study of ideas, institutional history, intellectual history and social history. The Faculty of Law first introduced Administrative Science in 1875, with the aim of providing the elite with the necessary tools to distribute wealth more equally, to take care of the population and, thus, to make the young Italian State more legitimate in the eyes of the emerging masses. Law and social sciences were merged with the aim of increasing reforms, including that of creating a State of Happiness for all citizens. Throughout its 70-year existence, Administrative Science was deprived of its contents and scientific independence, and academically overshadowed by Administrative and Public law. Finally, although the liberal elites discarded the reformer project of Administrative Science even before Fascism turned everything upside down, most of the original traits of this knowledge were absorbed into Fascist corporate and totalitarian structures.
Book Synopsis Mussolini's Children by : Eden K. McLean
Download or read book Mussolini's Children written by Eden K. McLean and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2018-07 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mussolini's Children uses the lens of state-mandated youth culture to analyze the evolution of official racism in Fascist Italy. Between 1922 and 1940, educational institutions designed to mold the minds and bodies of Italy's children between the ages of five and eleven undertook a mission to rejuvenate the Italian race and create a second Roman Empire. This project depended on the twin beliefs that the Italian population did indeed constitute a distinct race and that certain aspects of its moral and physical makeup could be influenced during childhood. Eden K. McLean assembles evidence from state policies, elementary textbooks, pedagogical journals, and other educational materials to illustrate the contours of a Fascist racial ideology as it evolved over eighteen years. Her work explains how the most infamous period of Fascist racism, which began in the summer of 1938 with the publication of the "Manifesto of Race," played a critical part in a more general and long-term Fascist racial program.
Book Synopsis The Antiquity of the Italian Nation by : Antonino De Francesco
Download or read book The Antiquity of the Italian Nation written by Antonino De Francesco and published by . This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the political uses of Italy's antique past in the early nineteenth century, tracing how anti-romanism was transformed into a pillar of the nation-building process. It demonstrates the pivotal role played by this ancient heritage in the formation of modern Italian national identity.
Book Synopsis Globalizing Physics by : Roberto Lalli
Download or read book Globalizing Physics written by Roberto Lalli and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-07-09 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access book available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Following the centenary of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, this volume features contributions from leading science historians from around the world on the changing roles of the institution in international affairs from its foundation in 1922 to the present. The case studies presented in this volume show the multitude of functions that IUPAP had and how these were related to the changing international political contexts. The book is divided into three parts. The first discusses the interwar period demonstrating how the exclusion of communities of the Central Powers from international scientific institutions imposed by victorious allied countries made IUPAP ineffective until the end of World War II. The second part analyzes the changing roles assumed by IUPAP starting from its complete renovation after World War II. Case studies covering the role of IUPAP in physics education, in metrology, in joint commissions with other unions and in defining the complex relations between pure and applied physics provide examples of IUPAP's impact on the world of science. Part III squarely addresses the science diplomacy aspects of IUPAP during the Cold War highlighting the importance of IUPAP in furthering diplomatic goals and explaining the origin of the pursuit of the free circulation of scientists as the activity that characterized the main function of international unions during the Cold War. Highlighting how often scientific agendas and political imperatives were entangled in the activities of IUPAP, the book analyzes the work of the Union as exercises of science diplomacy, thus contributing to the current debate on the use of science and technology in international relations.
Book Synopsis The Historical Uncanny by : Susanne C. Knittel
Download or read book The Historical Uncanny written by Susanne C. Knittel and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2014-12-15 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Historical Uncanny explores how certain memories become inscribed into the heritage of a country or region while others are suppressed or forgotten. In response to the erasure of historical memories that discomfit a public’s self-understanding, this book proposes the historical uncanny as that which resists reification precisely because it cannot be assimilated to dominant discourses of commemoration. Focusing on the problems of representation and reception, the book explores memorials for two marginalized aspects of Holocaust: the Nazi euthanasia program directed against the mentally ill and disabled and the Fascist persecution of Slovenes, Croats, and Jews in and around Trieste. Reading these memorials together with literary and artistic texts, Knittel redefines “sites of memory” as assemblages of cultural artifacts and discourses that accumulate over time; they emerge as a physical and a cultural space that is continually redefined, rewritten, and re-presented. In bringing perspectives from disability studies and postcolonialism to the question of memory, Knittel unsettles our understanding of the Holocaust and its place in the culture of contemporary Europe.
Book Synopsis Radicals and Reactionaries in Twentieth-Century International Thought by : I. Hall
Download or read book Radicals and Reactionaries in Twentieth-Century International Thought written by I. Hall and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-12 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of international thought is a flourishing field, but it has tended to focus on Anglo-American realist and liberal thinkers. This book moves beyond the Anglosphere and beyond realism and liberalism. It analyses the work of thinkers from continental Europe and Asia with radical and reactionary agendas quite different from the mainstream.
Book Synopsis The Cesare Lombroso Handbook by : Paul Knepper
Download or read book The Cesare Lombroso Handbook written by Paul Knepper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the definitive introduction to current scholarship on Cesare Lombroso, his work and his legacy. It brings together essays by leading Lombroso scholars from social history, history of ideas, law, criminology, cultural studies and Jewish studies. It will be of interest to academics, students and the general reader alike.
Book Synopsis Law and the Formation of Modern Europe by : Mikael Rask Madsen
Download or read book Law and the Formation of Modern Europe written by Mikael Rask Madsen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a series of distinct sociological inquiries into the formation of contemporary European law and society.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Chemistry by : Agustí Nieto-Galan
Download or read book The Politics of Chemistry written by Agustí Nieto-Galan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agust Nieto-Galan argues that chemistry in the twentieth century was deeply and profoundly political. Far from existing in a distinct public sphere, chemical knowledge was applied in ways that created strong links with industrial and military projects, and national rivalries and international endeavours, that materially shaped the living conditions of millions of citizens. It is within this framework that Nieto-Galan analyses how Spanish chemists became powerful ideological agents in different political contexts, from liberal to dictatorial regimes, throughout the century. He unveils chemists' position of power in Spain, their place in international scientific networks, and their engagement in fierce ideological battles in an age of extremes. Shared discourses between chemistry and liberalism, war, totalitarianism, religion, and diplomacy, he argues, led to advancements in both fields.
Book Synopsis Italian Psychology and Jewish Emigration under Fascism by : Patrizia Guarnieri
Download or read book Italian Psychology and Jewish Emigration under Fascism written by Patrizia Guarnieri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-03 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fascism and the racial laws of 1938 dramatically changed the scientific research and the academic community. Guarnieri focuses on psychology, from its promising origins to the end of the WWII. Psychology was marginalized in Italy both by the neo-idealistic reaction against science, and fascism (unlike Nazism) with long- lasting consequences. Academics and young scholars were persecuted because they were antifascist or Jews and the story of Italian displaced scholars is still an embarrassing one. The book follows scholars who emigrated to the United States, such as psychologist Renata Calabresi, and to Palestine, such as Enzo Bonaventura. Guarnieri traces their journey and the help they received from antifascist and Zionist networks and by international organizations. Some succeeded, some did not, and very few went back.
