Fair Taxation In The Middle East And North Africa

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Fair Taxation in the Middle East and North Africa

Author : Mario Mansour
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513519751
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Fair Taxation in the Middle East and North Africa by : Mario Mansour

Download or read book Fair Taxation in the Middle East and North Africa written by Mario Mansour and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fairness – and what governments can do about it – is at the forefront of economic and social debate all over the world. In MENA, this has been at the core of recent political transitions but has not been adequately addressed. This SDN explores how tax systems – a critical interface between the state and citizens – can play a role in meeting demands for greater economic fairness in MENA countries. The SDN finds that for countries with well-established non-hydrocarbon tax systems (mostly oil importers) reforms should focus on simplifying tax structures and introducing more progressivity of personal income taxes, broadening tax bases, and better designing and enforcing property taxes. Tax administration should be more efficient and user-friendly while simplifying tax regimes will reduce the scope for arbitrary implementation. MENA countries with less established non-hydrocarbon revenue systems can begin with a “starter pack” that includes introduction of low-rate value-added and corporate income taxes, excises, and property taxes while building up administrative capacity and taxation expertise together with plans for introducing a personal income tax. Across the region, effective communication, transparency, and constructive dialogue between the State and citizens are critical to the success of reforms.

Fair Taxation in the Middle East and North Africa

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781513537344
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (373 download)

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Book Synopsis Fair Taxation in the Middle East and North Africa by :

Download or read book Fair Taxation in the Middle East and North Africa written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fair Taxation in the Middle East and Northern Africa

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (923 download)

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Book Synopsis Fair Taxation in the Middle East and Northern Africa by :

Download or read book Fair Taxation in the Middle East and Northern Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fairness - and what governments can do about it - is at the forefront of economic and social debate all over the world. In MENA, this has been at the core of recent political transitions but has not been adequately addressed. This SDN explores how tax systems - a critical interface between the state and citizens - can play a role in meeting demands for greater economic fairness in MENA countries. The SDN finds that for countries with well-established non-hydrocarbon tax systems (mostly oil importers) reforms should focus on simplifying tax structures and introducing more progressivity of personal income taxes, broadening tax bases, and better designing and enforcing property taxes. Tax administration should be more efficient and user-friendly while simplifying tax regimes will reduce the scope for arbitrary implementation. MENA countries with less established non-hydrocarbon revenue systems can begin with a "starter pack" that includes introduction of low-rate value-added and corporate income taxes, excises, and property taxes while building up administrative capacity and taxation expertise together with plans for introducing a personal income tax. Across the region, effective communication, transparency, and constructive dialogue between the State and citizens are critical to the success of reforms.

Personal Income Taxes in the Middle East and North Africa: Prospects and Possibilities

Author : Mario Mansour
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Personal Income Taxes in the Middle East and North Africa: Prospects and Possibilities by : Mario Mansour

Download or read book Personal Income Taxes in the Middle East and North Africa: Prospects and Possibilities written by Mario Mansour and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-02-17 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personal income taxes (PITs) play little or no role in the Middle East and North Africa, often yielding less than 2 percent of GDP in revenue—with the exception of few North African countries. This paper examines how PITs have evolved in recent decades, and what they might look like in the next 20 years. Top marginal tax rates on labor and business income of individuals have declined substantially, a trend that mirrors reductions in advanced and developing economies. Taxation of passive capital income has changed very little, and the revenue intake from this source remains low throughout the region (less than 1 percent of GDP on average and concentrated in oil-importing non-fragile states). Social security contributions (SSC) have increased in importance in nearly all MENA countries, and some countries have introduced additional payroll taxes. The combination of reduced marginal tax rates, light taxation of income from capital and business activities, and increase of SSC, have resulted in income tax systems that create disincentives to work and incentives for informality, and contribute little to government revenue and income redistribution. Given differences in economic and political structures, demographics, and starting points, the path to PIT/SSC reforms will vary across the region. Countries with relatively mature PIT/SSC systems, where revenue performance has improved in the past two decades, will increasingly need to balance the revenue and equity objectives against effciency objectives (in particular labor market incentives and infromality). Countries with no PITs will have to weigh whether a consumption tax/SSC system that mimic a flat tax on labor income is sufficient to diversify revenue away from oil and whether to adopt PITs to address rising income and wealth inequality. Finally, fragile states, who face more political volatility and weaker fiscal institutions, will have to focus on simplicity of tax design and collection to be able to raise revenue from PITs.

Fair Taxation in the Middle East and North Africa

Author : Mario Mansour
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513563564
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Fair Taxation in the Middle East and North Africa by : Mario Mansour

Climate Change Law and Policy in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Author : Damilola S. Olawuyi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000423077
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change Law and Policy in the Middle East and North Africa Region by : Damilola S. Olawuyi

Download or read book Climate Change Law and Policy in the Middle East and North Africa Region written by Damilola S. Olawuyi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change Law and Policy in the Middle East and North Africa Region provides an in-depth and authoritative examination of the guiding principles of climate change law and policy in the MENA region. This volume introduces readers to the latest developments in the regulation of climate change across the region, including the applicable legislation, institutions, and key legal innovations in climate change financing, infrastructure development, and education. It outlines participatory and bottom-up legal strategies—focusing on transparency, accountability, gender justice, and other human rights safeguards—needed to achieve greater coherence and coordination in the design, approval, financing, and implementation of climate response projects across the region. With contributions from a range of experts in the field, the collection reflects on how MENA countries can advance existing national strategies around climate change, green economy, and low carbon futures through clear and comprehensive legislation. Taking an international and comparative approach, this book will be of great interest to students, scholars, and practitioners who work in the areas of climate change, environmental law and policy, and sustainable development, particularly in relation to the MENA region.

Social Policy in the Middle East and North Africa

Author : Rana Jawad
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786431998
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Policy in the Middle East and North Africa by : Rana Jawad

Download or read book Social Policy in the Middle East and North Africa written by Rana Jawad and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state of the art in the developing field of social policy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It offers an up-to-date conceptual analysis of social policy programmes and discourses in the MENA region by critically reviewing the range of social insurance and social assistance schemes that are currently in existence there. It also analyses and offers suggestions on which of these policies can positively impact the region’s advancement in terms of human development and in addressing social and economic inequalities and exclusion.

Revenue Mobilization for a Resilient and Inclusive Recovery in the Middle East and Central Asia

Author : Ms. Genevieve Verdier
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Revenue Mobilization for a Resilient and Inclusive Recovery in the Middle East and Central Asia by : Ms. Genevieve Verdier

Download or read book Revenue Mobilization for a Resilient and Inclusive Recovery in the Middle East and Central Asia written by Ms. Genevieve Verdier and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-07-06 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Domestic revenue mobilization has been a longstanding challenge for countries in the Middle East and Central Asia. Insufficient revenue has often constrained priority social and infrastructure spending, reducing countries’ ability to reach the Sustainable Development Goals, improve growth prospects, and address climate related challenges. Moreover, revenue shortfalls have often been compensated by large and sustained debt accumulation, raising vulnerabilities in some countries, and limiting fiscal space to address future shocks. The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have compounded challenges to sustainable public finances, underscoring the need for revenue mobilization efforts. The recent global crises have also exacerbated existing societal inequalities and highlighted the importance of raising revenues in an efficient and equitable manner. This paper examines the scope for additional tax revenue mobilization and discusses policies to gradually raise tax revenue while supporting resilient growth and inclusion in the Middle East and Central Asia. The paper’s main findings are that excluding hydrocarbon revenues, the region’s average tax intake lags those of other regions; the region’s fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) face particular challenges in mobilizing tax revenue; In general, there is considerable scope to raise additional tax revenue; countries have made efforts to raise tax collection, but challenges remain; tax policy design, notably low tax rates and pervasive tax exemptions, is an important factor driving tax revenue shortfalls; weak tax compliance, reflecting both structural features and challenges in revenue administration, also plays a role; and personal income tax systems in the region vary in their progressivity—the extent to which the average tax rate increases with income—and in their ability to redistribute income. These findings provide insights for policy action to raise revenue while supporting resilient growth and inclusion. The paper’s analysis points to these priorities for the region to improve both efficiency and equity of tax systems: improving tax policy design to broaden the tax base and increase progressivity and redistributive capacity; strengthening revenue administration to improve compliance; and implementing structural reforms to incentivize tax compliance, formalization, and economic diversification.

Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia by : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.

Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a worsening global environment, economies in the Middle East and Central Asia are being buffeted by a confluence of shocks: a global slowdown, high and volatile food and energy prices, faster and stronger than expected tightening of financial conditions, and the risk of fragmentation. The region’s emerging market and middle-income economies (EM&MIs) and low-income countries (LICs) are hit hard, with many facing curtailed access to market financing, while oil-exporting countries are being buffered by still-high energy prices. The adverse impact of Russia’s war in Ukraine on the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) has thus far been milder than expected. Still, the CCA’s strong ties to Russia entail substantial risks to the region’s outlook. The most urgent policy challenge for all countries is to tackle the cost-of-living crisis by restoring price stability, protecting vulnerable groups through targeted support, and ensuring food security. Policy trade-offs in EM&MIs and LICs have become more pronounced than ever, as they also need to preserve debt sustainability and financial stability. Oil exporters have the opportunity to maximize the benefits of the oil windfall by building buffers and advancing their diversification plans. CCA countries should carefully assess the magnitude and durability of the initial spillovers from the war in Ukraine and adjust their policy mix accordingly. Limited policy space in many countries raises the urgency of structural reforms to bolster economic growth while transforming economies to become more resilient, sustainable, diversified, and inclusive.

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Middle East and Central Asia

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513514008
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Middle East and Central Asia by : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.

Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Middle East and Central Asia written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth in the near term remains subdued for oil exporters in the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (MENAP) region, amid volatile oil prices, precarious global growth, elevated fiscal vulnerabilities, and heightened geopolitical tensions. In addition, declining productivity is dampening medium-term growth prospects. To reduce dependence on oil prices and pave the way for more sustainable growth, fiscal consolidation needs to resume, underpinned by improved medium-term fiscal frameworks. In parallel, structural reforms and further financial sector development would boost foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic private investment and foster diversification, thus contributing to improved productivity and potential growth.

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2016, Middle East and Central Asia

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513534491
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook, October 2016, Middle East and Central Asia by : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.

Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2016, Middle East and Central Asia written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-10-20 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue focuses on the ongoing adjustment to cheaper oil and subdued economic activity for oil-producing countries, as well as the weak and fragile recovery in the Caucasus and Central Asia region. It also discusses global spillovers from China’s rebalancing and the growth of fiscal deficits.

Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality

Author : Ms.Lisa L Kolovich
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513590367
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality by : Ms.Lisa L Kolovich

Download or read book Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality written by Ms.Lisa L Kolovich and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-04-11 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains seven chapters that consider how fiscal policies can address women’s and girls’ disadvantages in education, health, employment, and financial well-being. Researchers from a joint collaboration between the International Monetary Fund and the UK’s Department for International Development presented papers at a 2016 international conference on gender budgeting at the International Monetary Fund headquarters in Washington, DC, and detail the findings of their work here, which draws on published materials, a questionnaire sent to ministries of finance to all International Monetary Fund member countries, and interviews with country officials and international organizations that offer technical assistance to countries seeking to implement gender budgeting. They describe key gender budgeting efforts planning, allocating, and monitoring government expenditures and taxes to address gender inequality in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, Latin America and Canada, the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Pacific Islands and Caribbean.

Oil and the political economy in the Middle East

Author : Martin Beck
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526149087
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Oil and the political economy in the Middle East by : Martin Beck

Download or read book Oil and the political economy in the Middle East written by Martin Beck and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The downhill slide in the global price of crude oil, which started mid-2014, had major repercussions across the Middle East for net oil exporters, as well as importers closely connected to the oil-producing countries from the Gulf. Following the Arab uprisings of 2010 and 2011, the oil price decline represented a second major shock for the region in the early twenty-first century – one that has continued to impose constraints, but also provided opportunities. Offering the first comprehensive analysis of the Middle Eastern political economy in response to the 2014 oil price decline, this book connects oil market dynamics with an understanding of socio-political changes. Inspired by rentierism, the contributors present original studies on Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The studies reveal a large diversity of country-specific policy adjustment strategies: from the migrant workers in the Arab Gulf, who lost out in the post-2014 period but were incapable of repelling burdensome adjustment policies, to Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon, who have never been able to fulfil the expectation that they could benefit from the 2014 oil price decline. With timely contributions on the COVID-19-induced oil price crash in 2020, this collection signifies that rentierism still prevails with regard to both empirical dynamics in the Middle East and academic discussions on its political economy.

Opportunity for All

Author : MissCatriona Purfield
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 148436855X
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Opportunity for All by : MissCatriona Purfield

Download or read book Opportunity for All written by MissCatriona Purfield and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication brings together a set of IMF papers that prepared as backgrounds for the various sessions of the conference and will help put into broader dissemination channels the results of this important conference. An official IMF publication is well disseminated into academic and institutional libraries and book channels. The IMF metadata will also make the conference papers more discoverable online.

Public Wage Bills in the Middle East and Central Asia

Author : Ms.Natalia T. Tamirisa
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484337921
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Wage Bills in the Middle East and Central Asia by : Ms.Natalia T. Tamirisa

Download or read book Public Wage Bills in the Middle East and Central Asia written by Ms.Natalia T. Tamirisa and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-01-16 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of policies for managing public sector wage bills in the Middle East and Central Asia region. While some work has been done recently at the Fund on issues related to government employment and compensation, to our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically examine, with a focus on the Middle East and Central Asia region, the recent trends and drivers of public wage bills in the region and to identify key policy implications.

The Economic Impact of Conflicts and the Refugee Crisis in the Middle East and North Africa

Author : Mr.Bjoern Rother
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475535783
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economic Impact of Conflicts and the Refugee Crisis in the Middle East and North Africa by : Mr.Bjoern Rother

Download or read book The Economic Impact of Conflicts and the Refugee Crisis in the Middle East and North Africa written by Mr.Bjoern Rother and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) has experienced more frequent and severe conflicts than in any other region of the world, exacting a devastating human toll. The region now faces unprecedented challenges, including the emergence of violent non-state actors, significant destruction, and a refugee crisis bigger than any since World War II. This paper raises awareness of the economic costs of conflicts on the countries directly involved and on their neighbors. It argues that appropriate macroeconomic policies can help mitigate the impact of conflicts in the short term, and that fostering higher and more inclusive growth can help address some of the root causes of conflicts over the long term. The paper also highlights the crucial role of external partners, including the IMF, in helping MENA countries tackle these challenges.

Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa

Author : Sanja Kelly
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1442203978
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa by : Sanja Kelly

Download or read book Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa written by Sanja Kelly and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2010-07-16 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freedom HouseOs innovative publication WomenOs Rights in the Middle East and North Africa: Progress Amid Resistance analyzes the status of women in the region, with a special focus on the gains and setbacks for womenOs rights since the first edition was released in 2005. The study presents a comparative evaluation of conditions for women in 17 countries and one territory: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine (Palestinian Authority and Israeli-Occupied Territories), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. The publication identifies the causes and consequences of gender inequality in the Middle East, and provides concrete recommendations for national and international policymakers and implementers. Freedom House is an independent nongovernmental organization that supports democratic change, monitors freedom, and advocates for democracy and human rights. The project has been embraced as a resource not only by international players like the United Nations and the World Bank, but also by regional womenOs rights organizations, individual activists, scholars, and governments worldwide. WomenOs rights in each country are assessed in five key areas: (1) Nondiscrimination and Access to Justice; (2) Autonomy, Security, and Freedom of the Person; (3) Economic Rights and Equal Opportunity; (4) Political Rights and Civic Voice; and (5) Social and Cultural Rights. The methodology is based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the study results are presented through a set of numerical scores and analytical narrative reports.