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Failure Of Polymer Products Due To Chemical Attack
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Book Synopsis Failure of Polymer Products Due to Chemical Attack by : David C. Wright
Download or read book Failure of Polymer Products Due to Chemical Attack written by David C. Wright and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Degradation reactions grouped under the heading chemical attack include oxidation hydrolysis, halogenation and other reactions. They also include some purely physical interactions between materials and fluids, dominated by the absorption of fluid into the material or vice versa. One particular mechanism described in some detail is acid induced stress corrosion cracking, which is the most frequent cause of premature failure of GRP products, and where the principle degradation reaction is between the fluid and the glass fibres. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.
Book Synopsis Failure of Plastics and Rubber Products by : D. Wright
Download or read book Failure of Plastics and Rubber Products written by D. Wright and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2001-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastics and rubbers together make up the most adaptable and varied class of materials available to product designers. They may be transparent or opaque, rigid or flexible, lightweight, insulating, and weatherproof. They are used in almost every industry, and in every part of the home. Applications range from the humble hot water bottle to the sheathing on a high voltage cable, and from a simple scrubbing brush to a tank for storing hydrochloric acid. Products may be disposable (e.g. packaging goods) or intended to last for decades, such as a buried sewage pipe. However, it is this very diversity which makes materials selection so difficult, and appropriate design so important. Indeed the one thing that all these particular products have in common is their presence in this book of failures. Failures due to degradation may result from exposure to the weather or an aggressive operating environment. Alternatively they may be caused by the introduction of an external agent unforeseen by the product designer. They may be rapid or very slow, and they may result from a combination of factors. In this book Dr. Wright describes the following mechanisms of polymer degradation, and then illustrates each failure mechanism with a number of case studies: Thermo-oxidation, Photo-oxidation, Degradation due to ionising radiation, Chemical attack, Environmental stress cracking, Other miscellaneous effects, including treeing, electrochemical degradation and biodegradation. Many of the case studies are based on Dr. Wrights own experiences whilst working at Rapra. In each case he describes the circumstances of the failure, and discusses both the consequences of the failure and the lessons that may be learned from it. Most of the failed products are familiar to us all, and his style is both readable and informative. Photographs are included where available. The book will be essential reading for designers, engineers, product specifiers and forensic engineers. Materials suppliers and processors will also benefit from the pragmatic analysis and advice it contains. It will also be of value to all students of polymer science and technology, providing an essential insight into the practical application of plastics and rubbers and the potential problems. Finally, it will be of interest to a much broader readership, including anyone who ever wondered why things break, and it should become a standard reference work in all technical libraries. This book was written with the support of the UK Department of Trade and Industry. It is intended to raise awareness of the causes and consequences of polymer product failures, in order to reduce the future incidences of such failures, and their considerable costs to industry
Book Synopsis Failure of Polymer Products Due to Thermo-oxidation by : D. C. Wright
Download or read book Failure of Polymer Products Due to Thermo-oxidation written by D. C. Wright and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combined effects of oxidising media and heat result in degradation by thermo-oxidation. The principles and cases described in this review emphasise long term degradation in service. Two additional phenomena that influence thermo-oxidation are also described: catalysis by certain metal ions, and the influence of stress. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Polymer Library gives useful references for further reading.
Book Synopsis Rubber Product Failure by : Roger P. Brown
Download or read book Rubber Product Failure written by Roger P. Brown and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rubber components are used in many demanding applications, from tyres and seals to gloves and medical devices, and failure can be catastrophic. This review of Rubber Product Failure outlines and illustrates the common causes of failure, while addressing ways of avoiding it. There has been increasing pressure to improve performance so that rubbers can be used at higher temperatures and in harsher environments. For example, the under-the-bonnet temperature has increased in some vehicles and new medical devices require longer lifetimes in potentially degrading biological fluids. The expectations of tyre performance in particular are increasing, and retreads have been in the spotlight for failures. The definition of failure depends on the application. For example, a racing car engine seal that lasts for one race may be acceptable, but in a normal car a life span of 10 years is more reasonable. If appearance is critical as in surface coatings and paints, then discolouration is failure, whilst in seals leakage is not acceptable. Each rubber product must be fit for the use specified by the consumer. Failure analysis is critical to product improvement. the cause of the problem can be much harder to find. It can range from a design fault to poor material selection, to processing problems, to manufacturing errors such as poor dimensional tolerances, to poor installation, product abuse and unexpected service conditions. The rubber technologist must become a detective, gathering evidence, understanding the material type and using deductive reasoning. Testing and analysis of failed materials and components add to the information available for failure analysis. For example, stored aged tyres appeared superficially to be alright for use, but on drum testing small cracks grew more quickly than in new tyres leading to rapid failure in service. Quality control procedures such as product inspection, testing and material quality checks can help to reach 100 percent reliability. In critical applications such as electricians' gloves for high voltage working, gloves are inspected before each use, while engine seals may be routinely replaced before the expected lifetime to avoid problems. in the literature is not high. However, several reviews have been written on specific products and references can be found at the end of this review. Around 400 abstracts from papers in the Polymer Library are included with an index. Subjects covered include tyre wear and failure, seals, engine components, rubber bonding failure, rubber failure due to chloramine in water, tank treads, gloves and condoms, medical devices and EPDM roofing membranes.
Book Synopsis Failure of Polymer Products Due to Photo-oxidation by :
Download or read book Failure of Polymer Products Due to Photo-oxidation written by and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis EU Regulation of Chemicals by : D. J. Knight
Download or read book EU Regulation of Chemicals written by D. J. Knight and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polymer Product Failure by : P.R. Lewis
Download or read book Polymer Product Failure written by P.R. Lewis and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of polymers in product design has continued to grow at a rate unrivalled by conventional materials such as metal, ceramics or glass. More polymeric materials are becoming available to the designer, and this report highlights the need for caution in new design work, for careful use of new materials, and for awareness of the product environment. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Thermoset Materials, Precursors and Products by : Martin J. Forrest
Download or read book Analysis of Thermoset Materials, Precursors and Products written by Martin J. Forrest and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an overview of the chemical analysis of thermosets. Materials based on thermosets present the analyst with considerable challenges due to their complexity and the wide range of polymer types and additives available. This review sets out to present an introduction to the analytical techniques and methods that are used to characterise and carry out quality control work on thermosets, investigate the failure of thermosets products and to deformulate thermoset compounds. The review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from papers and books in the Rapra Polymer Library database, to facilitate further reading on this subject.
Book Synopsis Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Impact of Polymeric Products by : T. J. O'Neill
Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Impact of Polymeric Products written by T. J. O'Neill and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review describes the process of life cycle analysis in some detail. It describes the different organisations involved in researching and applying these techniques and the database resources being used to generate comparative reports. The overview explains the factors to be considered, the terminology, the organisations involved in developing these techniques and the legislation which is driving the whole process forward. The ISO standards relating to environmental management are also discussed briefly in the document. Design for the environment is covered in the report. This review is accompanied by summaries of selected papers on life cycle analysis and environmental impact from the Rapra Polymer Library database.
Book Synopsis Polymer/layered Silicate Nanocomposites by : Masami Okamoto
Download or read book Polymer/layered Silicate Nanocomposites written by Masami Okamoto and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The review sets out to highlight the major developments in this field over the last decade. The different techniques used to prepare PLS nanocomposites are covered. The physicochemical characterisation of PLS nanocomposites and the improved materials properties that those materials can display are discussed. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database provides useful references for further reading.
Book Synopsis Polymer Enhancement of Technical Textiles by : Roy W. Buckley
Download or read book Polymer Enhancement of Technical Textiles written by Roy W. Buckley and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical d104iles are high performance speciality materials. Applications are found in inflatable structures, tents, as reinforcement in composites for construction, as body armour and vehicle protection, in filters, as a base for flexible printed circuits, hose, conveyor belts and tyres. Polymer Enhancement of Technical d104iles examines the potential for these materials. The review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from papers and books in the Rapra Polymer Library database.
Book Synopsis Polymers in Agriculture and Horticulture by : Roger P. Brown
Download or read book Polymers in Agriculture and Horticulture written by Roger P. Brown and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers have been used in agriculture and horticulture since the middle of the last century. There is a tremendous potential for using polymers in agriculture and our fields and garden would look very different if we did not use polymers in them. This review traces the history of polymer use, discusses the markets for polymers in these applications, and describes in detail the different types of polymers that can be used and their specific applications. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Polymer Library gives useful references for further reading.
Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Applications of Polymers for Drug Delivery by : David Jones
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Applications of Polymers for Drug Delivery written by David Jones and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation The review focuses on the use of pharmaceutical polymer for controlled drug delivery applications. Examples of pharmaceutical polymers and the principles of controlled drug delivery are outlined and applications of polymers for controlled drug delivery are described. The field of controlled drug delivery is vast therefore this review aims to provide an overview of the applications of pharmaceutical polymers. The review is accompanied by approximately 250 abstracts taken from papers and books in the Rapra Polymer Library database, to facilitate further reading on this subject.
Book Synopsis Polymers in Building and Construction by : Sue Halliwell
Download or read book Polymers in Building and Construction written by Sue Halliwell and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review outlines the nature, culture and trends in the building and construction industry. It describes the current building and construction market place and the applications and potential for the wide range of polymer materials available today. This review is accompanied by indexed summaries of papers from the Rapra Polymer Library database to allow the reader to search for information on specific topics.
Book Synopsis Polymers in Telecommunication Devices by : G. H. Cross
Download or read book Polymers in Telecommunication Devices written by G. H. Cross and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses the use of the use of polymers instead of and in conjunction with, traditional platforms such as indium phosphide and ferroelectric ceramic lithium niobate. Critical comparisons are made between use of polymers and alternative. This review report gives an overview of all the elements of optical transmission and switching systems that are used in telecommunications and is a fully interdisciplinary account of materials and device design issues. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.
Book Synopsis Natural and Wood Fibre Reinforcement in Polymers by : A. K. Bledzki
Download or read book Natural and Wood Fibre Reinforcement in Polymers written by A. K. Bledzki and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the different fibre types available and the current research. The authors have cited several hundred references to the latest work on properties, processing and applications. The different methods of fibre pretreatment are examined, together with fibre properties, chemistry and applications. This review is accompanied by summaries of papers from the Rapra Polymer Library database.
Book Synopsis Coatings and Inks for Food Contact Materials by : Martin Forrest
Download or read book Coatings and Inks for Food Contact Materials written by Martin Forrest and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2007-10 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Rapra Review Report, Coatings and Inks for Food Contact Materials, has attempted to cover all of the coatings and inks products used in food contact scenarios. In practice, this encompasses an extremely wide range of polymer systems and formulations, and an emphasis has been placed on coatings and inks used in food packaging, as this is usually regarded as representing the most important application category with respect to the potential for migration to occur. In addition to a thorough introduction of the polymers and additives that are used to produce coatings and inks, there are also chapters covering the regulation of these materials, the migration and analytical tests that are performed on them to assess their suitability for food contact applications, the migration data that have been published, and the areas in the field that are receiving the most attention for research and development. The report is accompanied by around 400 abstracts compiled from the Polymer Library, to facilitate further reading on this subject.
