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Author :
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Failure of Polymer Products Due to Photo-oxidation written by and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D.C. Wright
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781859572665
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (726 download)
Download or read book Failure of Polymer Products Due to Photo-Oxidation written by D.C. Wright and published by . This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exposure of polymer surfaces to a combination of sun or artificial light, plus oxygen or other oxidising media induces degradation via photo-oxidation. Stabilisation methods described include the use of antioxidants, UV absorbers and light screens, quenchers, and radical scavengers and traps. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Polymer Library gives useful references for further reading.
Author : D. C. Wright
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859572719
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Failure of Polymer Products Due to Thermo-oxidation written by D. C. Wright and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combined effects of oxidising media and heat result in degradation by thermo-oxidation. The principles and cases described in this review emphasise long term degradation in service. Two additional phenomena that influence thermo-oxidation are also described: catalysis by certain metal ions, and the influence of stress. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Polymer Library gives useful references for further reading.
Author : D. Wright
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 185957517X
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (595 download)
Download or read book Failure of Plastics and Rubber Products written by D. Wright and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2001-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastics and rubbers together make up the most adaptable and varied class of materials available to product designers. They may be transparent or opaque, rigid or flexible, lightweight, insulating, and weatherproof. They are used in almost every industry, and in every part of the home. Applications range from the humble hot water bottle to the sheathing on a high voltage cable, and from a simple scrubbing brush to a tank for storing hydrochloric acid. Products may be disposable (e.g. packaging goods) or intended to last for decades, such as a buried sewage pipe. However, it is this very diversity which makes materials selection so difficult, and appropriate design so important. Indeed the one thing that all these particular products have in common is their presence in this book of failures. Failures due to degradation may result from exposure to the weather or an aggressive operating environment. Alternatively they may be caused by the introduction of an external agent unforeseen by the product designer. They may be rapid or very slow, and they may result from a combination of factors. In this book Dr. Wright describes the following mechanisms of polymer degradation, and then illustrates each failure mechanism with a number of case studies: Thermo-oxidation, Photo-oxidation, Degradation due to ionising radiation, Chemical attack, Environmental stress cracking, Other miscellaneous effects, including treeing, electrochemical degradation and biodegradation. Many of the case studies are based on Dr. Wrights own experiences whilst working at Rapra. In each case he describes the circumstances of the failure, and discusses both the consequences of the failure and the lessons that may be learned from it. Most of the failed products are familiar to us all, and his style is both readable and informative. Photographs are included where available. The book will be essential reading for designers, engineers, product specifiers and forensic engineers. Materials suppliers and processors will also benefit from the pragmatic analysis and advice it contains. It will also be of value to all students of polymer science and technology, providing an essential insight into the practical application of plastics and rubbers and the potential problems. Finally, it will be of interest to a much broader readership, including anyone who ever wondered why things break, and it should become a standard reference work in all technical libraries. This book was written with the support of the UK Department of Trade and Industry. It is intended to raise awareness of the causes and consequences of polymer product failures, in order to reduce the future incidences of such failures, and their considerable costs to industry
Author : David C. Wright
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859572696
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (726 download)
Download or read book Failure of Polymer Products Due to Chemical Attack written by David C. Wright and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Degradation reactions grouped under the heading chemical attack include oxidation hydrolysis, halogenation and other reactions. They also include some purely physical interactions between materials and fluids, dominated by the absorption of fluid into the material or vice versa. One particular mechanism described in some detail is acid induced stress corrosion cracking, which is the most frequent cause of premature failure of GRP products, and where the principle degradation reaction is between the fluid and the glass fibres. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.
Author : Roger P. Brown
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1859573304
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (595 download)
Download or read book Rubber Product Failure written by Roger P. Brown and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rubber components are used in many demanding applications, from tyres and seals to gloves and medical devices, and failure can be catastrophic. This review of Rubber Product Failure outlines and illustrates the common causes of failure, while addressing ways of avoiding it. There has been increasing pressure to improve performance so that rubbers can be used at higher temperatures and in harsher environments. For example, the under-the-bonnet temperature has increased in some vehicles and new medical devices require longer lifetimes in potentially degrading biological fluids. The expectations of tyre performance in particular are increasing, and retreads have been in the spotlight for failures. The definition of failure depends on the application. For example, a racing car engine seal that lasts for one race may be acceptable, but in a normal car a life span of 10 years is more reasonable. If appearance is critical as in surface coatings and paints, then discolouration is failure, whilst in seals leakage is not acceptable. Each rubber product must be fit for the use specified by the consumer. Failure analysis is critical to product improvement. the cause of the problem can be much harder to find. It can range from a design fault to poor material selection, to processing problems, to manufacturing errors such as poor dimensional tolerances, to poor installation, product abuse and unexpected service conditions. The rubber technologist must become a detective, gathering evidence, understanding the material type and using deductive reasoning. Testing and analysis of failed materials and components add to the information available for failure analysis. For example, stored aged tyres appeared superficially to be alright for use, but on drum testing small cracks grew more quickly than in new tyres leading to rapid failure in service. Quality control procedures such as product inspection, testing and material quality checks can help to reach 100 percent reliability. In critical applications such as electricians' gloves for high voltage working, gloves are inspected before each use, while engine seals may be routinely replaced before the expected lifetime to avoid problems. in the literature is not high. However, several reviews have been written on specific products and references can be found at the end of this review. Around 400 abstracts from papers in the Polymer Library are included with an index. Subjects covered include tyre wear and failure, seals, engine components, rubber bonding failure, rubber failure due to chloramine in water, tank treads, gloves and condoms, medical devices and EPDM roofing membranes.
Author : T. J. O'Neill
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859573648
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (736 download)
Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Impact of Polymeric Products written by T. J. O'Neill and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review describes the process of life cycle analysis in some detail. It describes the different organisations involved in researching and applying these techniques and the database resources being used to generate comparative reports. The overview explains the factors to be considered, the terminology, the organisations involved in developing these techniques and the legislation which is driving the whole process forward. The ISO standards relating to environmental management are also discussed briefly in the document. Design for the environment is covered in the report. This review is accompanied by summaries of selected papers on life cycle analysis and environmental impact from the Rapra Polymer Library database.
Author : Martin J. Forrest
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859573907
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (739 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Thermoset Materials, Precursors and Products written by Martin J. Forrest and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an overview of the chemical analysis of thermosets. Materials based on thermosets present the analyst with considerable challenges due to their complexity and the wide range of polymer types and additives available. This review sets out to present an introduction to the analytical techniques and methods that are used to characterise and carry out quality control work on thermosets, investigate the failure of thermosets products and to deformulate thermoset compounds. The review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from papers and books in the Rapra Polymer Library database, to facilitate further reading on this subject.
Author : Masami Okamoto
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859573914
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (739 download)
Download or read book Polymer/layered Silicate Nanocomposites written by Masami Okamoto and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The review sets out to highlight the major developments in this field over the last decade. The different techniques used to prepare PLS nanocomposites are covered. The physicochemical characterisation of PLS nanocomposites and the improved materials properties that those materials can display are discussed. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database provides useful references for further reading.
Author : Roy W. Buckley
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859573952
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (739 download)
Download or read book Polymer Enhancement of Technical Textiles written by Roy W. Buckley and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical d104iles are high performance speciality materials. Applications are found in inflatable structures, tents, as reinforcement in composites for construction, as body armour and vehicle protection, in filters, as a base for flexible printed circuits, hose, conveyor belts and tyres. Polymer Enhancement of Technical d104iles examines the potential for these materials. The review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from papers and books in the Rapra Polymer Library database.
Author : Roger P. Brown
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859574607
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (746 download)
Download or read book Polymers in Agriculture and Horticulture written by Roger P. Brown and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers have been used in agriculture and horticulture since the middle of the last century. There is a tremendous potential for using polymers in agriculture and our fields and garden would look very different if we did not use polymers in them. This review traces the history of polymer use, discusses the markets for polymers in these applications, and describes in detail the different types of polymers that can be used and their specific applications. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Polymer Library gives useful references for further reading.
Author : David Jones
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859574799
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (747 download)
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Applications of Polymers for Drug Delivery written by David Jones and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation The review focuses on the use of pharmaceutical polymer for controlled drug delivery applications. Examples of pharmaceutical polymers and the principles of controlled drug delivery are outlined and applications of polymers for controlled drug delivery are described. The field of controlled drug delivery is vast therefore this review aims to provide an overview of the applications of pharmaceutical polymers. The review is accompanied by approximately 250 abstracts taken from papers and books in the Rapra Polymer Library database, to facilitate further reading on this subject.
Author : D. Nichols
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859575123
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (751 download)
Download or read book Biocides in Plastics written by D. Nichols and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Rapra Review Report examines the use of biocides in plastics with reference to material types and application requirements. The commonly available biocides are reviewed and details of their strengths and weaknesses are provided. The author reviews the frequently used test methods for fungi and bacteria, and, in an ever-changing regulatory environment, explores the influence of legislation on the current and future use of such biocides. This detailed and state-of-the-art review is supported by an indexed section containing several hundred key references and abstracts selected from the Polymer Library database.
Author : C. Henneuse-Boxus
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859573860
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (738 download)
Download or read book Emissions from Plastics written by C. Henneuse-Boxus and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003-06-30 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report outlines the key issues regarding emissions from plastics. The report covers emissions from plastics during processing, treatment, storage and end-use. It summarises the published research on a wide variety of materials and settings. New methods of analysis and testing have been developed or adapted to examine these emissions. This report discusses the main techniques used. Data from analysis work on air quality and emissions from plastics is also included in this report. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.
Author : Ian Christensen
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859573730
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (737 download)
Download or read book Developments in Colorants for Plastics written by Ian Christensen and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when it is critical to many plastics processors to add value to products, colorants are an essential part of the additives repertoire. Plastics are often processed at very high temperatures and shear, and products are exposed to heat and light. Colorants must tolerate these conditions to function adequately. This Rapra Review Report provides practical information for plastics processors with regard to colorant selection and the range of products and effects available. The review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database, to facilitate further reading on this subject.
Author : Derek Brewis
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859575246
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (752 download)
Download or read book Adhesion to Fluoropolymers written by Derek Brewis and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stuart Fairgrieve
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781847350831
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (58 download)
Download or read book Nucleating Agents written by Stuart Fairgrieve and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2007-11 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A very important factor in obtaining optimised physical properties from a semi-crystalline polymer is the size of the crystalline structures present in the material, and this crucially depends on the initiation process of crystallisation of the polymer from the melt - nucleation. This review provides information on the development of materials and methods for influencing the nucleation of polymer crystallisation in commercial processing by means of addition of low levels of adjuvants specifically selected for this purpose.
