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Factors Responsible For The Occurrence Of Double Ovulations And Development Of A System To Induce Double Ovulations In Beef Cattle
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Book Synopsis Factors Responsible for the Occurrence of Double Ovulations and Development of a System to Induce Double Ovulations in Beef Cattle by : Lucas A. Helser
Download or read book Factors Responsible for the Occurrence of Double Ovulations and Development of a System to Induce Double Ovulations in Beef Cattle written by Lucas A. Helser and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: An unexpected discovery from a previous study in our lab revealed that the incidence of double ovulations in cattle was approximately 50% when luteal regression was induced concurrent with follicle wave emergence; following ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. Experiment 1 was conducted with the aim of identifying endocrine and/or follicular characteristics that led to development of double ovulations when this approach was taken. The hypothesis in the first experiment was that the decrease in progesterone as a result of luteal regression would induce enhanced or prolonged FSH which, in turn, would increase the occurrence of double ovulations. In the first experiment, 26 beef cows were synchronized to a common day of estrus and all follicles >̲ 5 mm in diameter were aspirated approximately 7 days later (d 0 of the experiment). Luteal regression was induced on d 1.5 and 2 of the experiment, concurrent with new follicle wave emergence, in half of the animals (PG; n = 13). The other 13 females were designated as controls and received no further treatment. Blood samples were collected from all animals during the course of the experiment to measure concentrations of FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone. Transrectal ultrasonography was conducted once daily to evaluate all ovarian structures. Double ovulations occurred in 5/12 (42%) animals in the PG treatment. Concentrations of FSH in serum were similar between the PG and Control treatments. Within the PG treatment, FSH did not differ between groups of animals that double ovulated (PG-DO) and single ovulated (PG-SO). Concentrations of LH were greater in PG-DO compared to PG-SO over the course of the experiment (group; P 0.05). Diameter of the dominant follicle (DF1) was greater over the course of the experiment in the PG-DO group (group; P
Book Synopsis Inducing Double Ovulations in Beef Cattle Via Simultaneous Luteal Regression and Follicle Wave Emergence in a Low Progesterone Environment by : Emma M. Jinks
Download or read book Inducing Double Ovulations in Beef Cattle Via Simultaneous Luteal Regression and Follicle Wave Emergence in a Low Progesterone Environment written by Emma M. Jinks and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Since cattle are primarily monovular and produce only one calf per year, the cost of production for a cow-calf enterprise lies mostly in maintaining breeding stock. The overall goal in this field of research is to develop a pharmacological method to induce double ovulations in beef cattle and reduce production costs. Our objective was to study the effect of progesterone (P4) concentrations prior to emergence of a new follicular wave on the incidence of double ovulations. On d 0 of the experiment 19 cows received an intravaginal progesterone releasing device (CIDR) along with an estradiol benzoate injection to initiate follicle wave emergence approximately 3.5 d later. Prostaglandin F2[alpha] was administered on both d 0 and d 3.5 to establish a low P4 treatment (LP4, n=12) or only on d 3.5 to achieve a high P4 treatment (HP4, n=7). The CIDR were removed on d 3.5. Blood samples were collected from all animals throughout the experiment to measure circulating P4 concentrations. Ovarian structures were monitored via transrectal ultrasonography and ovulation was induced with gonadotropin releasing hormone when the largest follicle measured>= 12 mm in diameter. A new wave of follicles was observed in 17 cows and the mean day of follicle wave emergence did not differ between treatments (d 3.7 " 0.2). Concentrations of P4 in the HP4 treatment were approximately 125% greater than in the LP4 treatment from d 1 through d 3.5. All animals ovulated a single follicle with the exception of one animal in each treatment that ovulated two follicles. The mean follicle diameter at ovulation (11.9 " 0.3 mm) and mean interval to ovulation (5.7 " 0.1 d) did not differ between treatments. We conclude that P4 concentrations preceding the emergence of a new follicle wave did not influence the incidence of double ovulations.
Book Synopsis Influence of the Size and Age of the Ovulatory Follicle on Fertility in Beef Cattle by : Martin Lane Mussard
Download or read book Influence of the Size and Age of the Ovulatory Follicle on Fertility in Beef Cattle written by Martin Lane Mussard and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Artificial insemination (AI) is an underutilized technology in the beef industry. Four experiments were performed to improve understanding of the reproductive system of cattle and how this information can be incorporated into estrous control programs to advance the use of AI in the beef industry. In the first experiment, cows were permitted to either spontaneously exhibit estrus and ovulate from a dominant follicle, or were induced to ovulate from a dominant follicle when it had reached 10 mm in diameter; which is considered smaller than the diameter at which ovulation normally occurs (13-15 mm). This model allowed corpus luteum (CL) function and fertility to be measured in animals that ovulated from dominant follicles differing in diameter and that matured within two different endocrine environments. Conception rate to artificial insemination (AI) was greater in those animals that ovulated from a follicle following spontaneous estrus as compared with animals that ovulated from a smaller dominant follicle in response to treatment with exogenous GnRH. Results from this experiment were the basis for the second experiment designed to examine differences in luteal function and fertility between cows induced with exogenous GnRH to ovulate from either small or large dominant follicles. This approach eliminated the confounding effect that occurrence of spontaneous estrus may have exerted on fertility. Animals that ovulated from a large follicle in response to exogenous GnRH were more fertile than those animals induced to ovulate from a smaller follicle. The third experiment was designed to begin to elucidate mechanisms responsible for reduction in fertility in cows induced to ovulate from small follicles. Embryos from untreated donors were implanted into animals that were treated in a similar fashion as in the second experiment, but not inseminated preceding ovulation. This approach allowed separation of effects of the ovum, uterus and luteal function on fertility. Fertility was decreased in cows that had previously ovulated from a small follicle, as compared to those induced to ovulate from larger follicles when embryo transfer was used to impregnate the cows. The final experiment was performed to determine if decreased fertility observed in the previous experiments was due to size of the follicle from which ovulation occurred or duration of proestrus. In previous experiments the interval from luteal regression to induction of ovulation was confounded with diameter of the follicle from which ovulation was induced to occur. Hence, this experiment was essential to identify whether follicle diameter or duration of proestrus was having the greater impact on fertility. Fertility was dependent on length of proestrus when ovulation from follicles of similar diameter was induced. Taken together, results of the experiments described in this dissertation provide evidence that fertility is significantly influenced by duration of proestrus. Information garnered from these experiments can readily be incorporated into future estrous cycle regulation programs and superovulation regimens for embryo transfer.
Book Synopsis Bovine Reproduction by : Richard M. Hopper
Download or read book Bovine Reproduction written by Richard M. Hopper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 2206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine Reproduction is a comprehensive, current reference providing information on all aspects of reproduction in the bull and cow. Offering fundamental knowledge on evaluating and restoring fertility in the bovine patient, the book also places information in the context of herd health where appropriate for a truly global view of bovine theriogenology. Printed in full color throughout, the book includes 83 chapters and more than 550 images, making it the most exhaustive reference available on this topic. Each section covers anatomy and physiology, breeding management, and reproductive surgery, as well as obstetrics and pregnancy wastage in the cow. Bovine Reproduction is a welcome resource for bovine practitioners, theriogenologists, and animal scientists, as well as veterinary students and residents with an interest in the cow.
Book Synopsis Livestock's Long Shadow by : Henning Steinfeld
Download or read book Livestock's Long Shadow written by Henning Steinfeld and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The assessment builds on the work of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative"--Pref.
Download or read book Ruminants written by Muhammad Abubakar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-04-25 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is very essential to understand the recent advances in ruminant science to recognize and control diseases and disorders in these animals. Our book, Ruminants - The Husbandry, Economic and Health Aspects, provides a concise introductory chapter and details about the main aspects of ruminants' science and production. This is the first edition of the book, so it covers the introductory level of topics, which are written specifically for veterinary students, classroom use, and practitioners who require more knowledge of dairy animal health and production. The book covers an introductory chapter and sections on husbandry and economics as well as animal health. Each book section comprises chapters from renowned experts from the area and gives readers a unique opportunity to explore the topic.
Book Synopsis Linear Mixed Models in Practice by : Geert Verbeke
Download or read book Linear Mixed Models in Practice written by Geert Verbeke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive treatment of linear mixed models, focusing on examples from designed experiments and longitudinal studies. Aimed at applied statisticians and biomedical researchers in industry, public health organisations, contract research organisations, and academia, this book is explanatory rather than mathematical rigorous. Although most analyses were done with the MIXED procedure of the SAS software package, and many of its features are clearly elucidated, considerable effort was put into presenting the data analyses in a software-independent fashion.
Book Synopsis The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) - Production and Research by : Giorgio A. Presicce
Download or read book The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) - Production and Research written by Giorgio A. Presicce and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook aims at focusing on the husbandry of the common water buffalo, (Bubalis bubalis). The book covers a broad range of topics such as the buffalo’s genetic evolution, cytogenetics, subspecies, breed diversification, feeding and metabolic specificity, adaptable response to environmental stress factors, welfare, dairy requirements and production, reproduction and embryo technologies, cryopreservation, sperm cell sexing, somatic cell cloning and transgenesis. Chapters presented and reviewed in this book have been by contributed by renowned scientists that have devoted years of research to the understanding of this species, and highlight the most recent advances in basic and applied science to unveil the understanding of physiological facets intrinsic to this animal species. The depth of the selected topics makes this book especially suited for readers of all academic levels of study. Researchers, students and professionals will find this book a useful guide to breeding and farming the water buffalo.
Book Synopsis Reproductive Ageing by : Susan Bewley
Download or read book Reproductive Ageing written by Susan Bewley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-06 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the RCOG Study Group findings on reproductive ageing.
Book Synopsis Reproduction in Cattle by : Peter J. H. Ball
Download or read book Reproduction in Cattle written by Peter J. H. Ball and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cattle play a fundamental role in animal agriculture throughout the world. They not only provide us with a vital food source, but they also provide us with fertilizer and fuel. Keeping reproduction levels at an optimum level is therefore essential, but this is often a complicated process, especially with modern, high yielding cows. Written in a practical and user-friendly style, this book aims to help the reader understand cattle reproduction by explaining the underlying physiology of the reproductive process and the role and importance of pharmacology and technology, and showing how management techniques can improve reproductive efficiency. This edition includes: Recent research findings on the physiology of the oestrous cycle and its control; New techniques for monitoring and manipulating reproduction, including pregnancy diagnosis and embryo transfer; Advice on identifying common infertility problems and how to prevent and treat them. Reproduction Cattle 3e is essential reading for veterinary and agricultural students, as well as veterinarians and farmers involved in cattle reproduction.
Book Synopsis Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment by : National Research Council
Download or read book Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-03 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Animal Biotechnology by : National Research Council
Download or read book Animal Biotechnology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-12-29 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic-based animal biotechnology has produced new food and pharmaceutical products and promises many more advances to benefit humankind. These exciting prospects are accompanied by considerable unease, however, about matters such as safety and ethics. This book identifies science-based and policy-related concerns about animal biotechnologyâ€"key issues that must be resolved before the new breakthroughs can reach their potential. The book includes a short history of the field and provides understandable definitions of terms like cloning. Looking at technologies on the near horizon, the authors discuss what we know and what we fear about their effectsâ€"the inadvertent release of dangerous microorganisms, the safety of products derived from biotechnology, the impact of genetically engineered animals on their environment. In addition to these concerns, the book explores animal welfare concerns, and our societal and institutional capacity to manage and regulate the technology and its products. This accessible volume will be important to everyone interested in the implications of the use of animal biotechnology.
Book Synopsis Animal Agriculture by : Fuller W. Bazer
Download or read book Animal Agriculture written by Fuller W. Bazer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal Agriculture: Sustainability, Challenges and Innovations discusses the land-based production of high-quality protein by livestock and poultry and how it plays an important role in improving human nutrition, growth and health. With exponential growth of the global population and marked rises in meat consumption per capita, demands for animal-source protein are expected to increase 72% between 2013 and 2050. This raises concerns about the sustainability and environmental impacts of animal agriculture. An attractive solution to meeting increasing needs for animal products and mitigating undesirable effects of agricultural practices is to enhance the efficiency of animal growth, reproduction, and lactation. Currently, there is no resource that offers specific knowledge of both animal science and technology, including biotechnology for the sustainability of animal agriculture for the expanding global demand of food in the face of diminishing resources. This book fills that gap, giving readers all the necessary information on important issues facing modern animal agriculture, namely its sustainability, challenges and innovative solutions. - Integrates new knowledge in animal breeding, biotechnology, nutrition, reproduction and management - Addresses the urgent issue of sustainability in modern animal agriculture - Provides practical solutions on how to solve the current and future problems that face animal agriculture worldwide
Download or read book Goat Science written by Sándor Kukovics and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Goat science covers quite a wide range and varieties of topics, from genetics and breeding, via nutrition, production systems, reproduction, milk and meat production, animal health and parasitism, etc., up to the effects of goat products on human health. In this book, several parts of them are presented within 18 different chapters. Molecular genetics and genetic improvement of goats are the new approaches of goat development. Several factors affect the passage rate of digesta in goats, but for diet properties, goats are similar to other ruminants. Iodine deficiency in goats could be dangerous. Assisted reproduction techniques have similar importance in goats like in other ruminants. Milk and meat production traits of goats are almost equally important and have significant positive impacts on human health. Many factors affect the health of goats, heat stress being of increasing importance. Production systems could modify all of the abovementioned characteristics of goats.
Book Synopsis Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner by : Leslie Neal-Boylan
Download or read book Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner written by Leslie Neal-Boylan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner is a key resource for advanced practice nurses and graduate students seeking to test their skills in assessing, diagnosing, and managing cases in family and primary care. Composed of more than 70 cases ranging from common to unique, the book compiles years of experience from experts in the field. It is organized chronologically, presenting cases from neonatal to geriatric care in a standard approach built on the SOAP format. This includes differential diagnosis and a series of critical thinking questions ideal for self-assessment or classroom use.
