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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Factors Contributing to Cigarette Smoking and Its Health Effects Amongst University Students South Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet for schools, medical personnel, and parents contains highlights from the 2012 Surgeon General's report on tobacco use among youth and teens (ages 12 through 17) and young adults (ages 18 through 25). The report details the causes and the consequences of tobacco use among youth and young adults by focusing on the social, environmental, advertising, and marketing influences that encourage youth and young adults to initiate and sustain tobacco use. This is the first time tobacco data on young adults as a discrete population have been explored in detail. The report also highlights successful strategies to prevent young people from using tobacco.
Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309316278
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators.
Author :
Publisher : Office of the Surgeon General
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book Women and Smoking written by and published by Office of the Surgeon General. This book was released on 2001 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second report from the U.S. Surgeon General devoted to women and smoking. Includes executive summary, chapter conclusions, full text chapters, and references.
Author : Mandisa Malinga
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (889 download)
Download or read book Smoking Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs about Health Risks of Tobacco Smoking Among Female Psychology 1 Students Atf the University of the Western Cape written by Mandisa Malinga and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco smoking is the second major cause of preventable deaths in South Africa. The Western Cape has the second highest smoking rates in South Africa and the highest smoking rate among young women. Previous studies indicate that female smokers are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of smoking than males. Th e aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding health risks of tobacco use among female undergraduate students at the University of the Western Cape. A sample of 210 female psychology 1 students were recruited and served as research participants. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from instruments measuring knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding the health risks of tobacco smoking.
Author : Jack E. Henningfield
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540692487
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)
Download or read book Nicotine Psychopharmacology written by Jack E. Henningfield and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-01 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fact that tobacco ingestion can affect how people feel and think has been known for millennia, placing the plant among those used spiritually, honori?cally, and habitually (Corti 1931; Wilbert 1987). However, the conclusion that nicotine - counted for many of these psychopharmacological effects did not emerge until the nineteenth century (Langley 1905). This was elegantly described by Lewin in 1931 as follows: “The decisive factor in the effects of tobacco, desired or undesired, is nicotine. . . ”(Lewin 1998). The use of nicotine as a pharmacological probe to und- stand physiological functioning at the dawn of the twentieth century was a landmark in the birth of modern neuropharmacology (Limbird 2004; Halliwell 2007), and led the pioneering researcher John Langley to conclude that there must exist some “- ceptive substance” to explain the diverse actions of various substances, including nicotine, when applied to muscle tissue (Langley 1905). Research on tobacco and nicotine progressed throughout the twentieth century, but much of this was from a general pharmacological and toxicological rather than a psychopharmacological perspective (Larson et al. 1961). There was some attention to the effects related to addiction, such as euphoria (Johnston 1941), tolerance (Lewin 1931), and withdrawal (Finnegan et al. 1945), but outside of research supported by the tobacco industry, addiction and psychopharmacology were not major foci for research (Slade et al. 1995; Hurt and Robertson 1998; Henning?eld et al. 2006; Henning?eld and Hartel 1999; Larson et al. 1961).
Author : Michael David Celestin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (545 download)
Download or read book Prevalence of Tobacco Use Among African-American College Students written by Michael David Celestin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined factors that may protect African-American young adults in college from early onset of cigarette smoking, and factors that may place them at risk for cigarette smoking, using the framework of the Social Cognitive Theory. It was hypothesized that existing regulation of smoking, positive attitude toward academics and school connectedness would be related to low cigarette-smoking rates, while exposure to pro-tobacco promotions would be related to high cigarette smoking rates. A convenience sample of 576 undergraduates at Dillard University of New Orleans completed a Harvard College Alcohol Study survey. Forty six percent (n=269) completed the survey. Ninetyone percent were African American, and 13% of them were ever-smokers. Chi Square analysis was used to test for a statistically significant difference in response rates between ever-smokers and non-smokers. Results indicated no significant differences between respondents for any outcome measures. The Social Cognitive Theory constructs were not supported by the findings. The results of this study do not support any of the hypotheses. The Social Cognitive Theory constructs used to examine the hypotheses are not supported by the findings. Future studies should address the limitations of this research by using a random sampling technique, sampling across all academic classification levels, and assessing the validity and reliability of the Harvard College Alcohol Study survey measures for cigarette smoking.
Author : Lara M. Kruger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Among University Students in the Western Cape Province of South Africa written by Lara M. Kruger and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rates of current and ever waterpipe use and investigate the associated correlates, paying particular attention to the perceptions and beliefs about waterpipe's adverse health effects as well as its social acceptability. In addition the study aimed to compare the results with the prevalence rates of current and ever cigarette use among the same study group. An online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey was administered via email to all students at the four universities within the Western Cape Province of South Africa during September 2013. 4578 students completed the survey (4.3% response rate). 10.6% [n= 484] of the sample were current waterpipe users while 67.1% [n= 3101] were ever users of waterpipe. 61.1% of current smokers smoked waterpipe to socialise with less than 1% of smokers smoking alone. The majority of waterpipe smokers thought waterpipe use was less harmful, less addictive and more accessible than cigarette smoking. 96.1% [n= 465] of current users felt waterpipe was socially acceptable compared to only 69.9% [n= 1862] of non-smokers. Factors significantly associated with increased odds of being a current smoker were: Coloured race, increased quantity of alcoholic drinks drunk per drinking day, increased frequency of binge drinking and the perception that waterpipe was not difficult to quit. Alcohol consumption patterns apart from problem drinking were associated with waterpipe use. More than half of current waterpipe smokers were not current cigarette smokers [n= 273/484]. Waterpipe smoking is more socially acceptable and therefore more widespread among students in all faculties, genders, ages, physical activity levels and economic brackets than cigarette smoking.
Author : Amber Colleen Morkel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (118 download)
Download or read book The Factors Associated with Cigarette Smoking Among Young Adults (16-25 Years) in South Africa written by Amber Colleen Morkel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mr.Montfort Mlachila
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498301851
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Struggling to Make the Grade: A Review of the Causes and Consequences of the Weak Outcomes of South Africa’s Education System written by Mr.Montfort Mlachila and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While South Africa has made significant improvements in basic and tertiary education enrollment, the country still suffers from significant challenges in the quality of educational achievement by almost any international metric. The paper finds that money is clearly not the main issue since the South Africa’s education budget is comparable to OECD countries as a percent of GDP and exceeds that of most peer sub-Saharan African countries in per capita terms. The main explanatory factors are complex and multifaceted, and are associated with insufficient subject knowledge of some teachers, history, race, language, geographic location, and socio-economic status. Low educational achievement contributes to low productivity growth, and high levels of poverty, unemployment, and inequality. Drawing on the literature, the paper sketches some policy considerations to guide the debate on what works and what does not.
Author : Joy De Beyer
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821354025
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (54 download)
Download or read book Tobacco Control Policy written by Joy De Beyer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, there are over 1.2 billion tobacco users in the world, most in developing countries. Tobacco use causes diseases and premature death, and threatens both social and economic development. This book contains case studies which detail a collection of diverse economic, social and political situations from six countries (Brazil, Bangladesh, Canada, Poland, South Africa and Thailand) which are in different stages of the tobacco epidemic and which have achieved notable success in implementing policies designed to reduce tobacco use.
Author : United States. Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Smoking and Health written by United States. Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309051290
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Growing Up Tobacco Free written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use kills more people than any other addiction and we know that addiction starts in childhood and youth. We all agree that youths should not smoke, but how can this be accomplished? What prevention messages will they find compelling? What effect does tobacco advertisingâ€"more than $10 million worth every dayâ€"have on youths? Can we responsibly and effectively restrict their access to tobacco products? These questions and more are addressed in Growing Up Tobacco Free, prepared by the Institute of Medicine to help everyone understand the troubling issues surrounding youths and tobacco use. Growing Up Tobacco Free provides a readable explanation of nicotine's effects and the process of addiction, and documents the search for an effective approach to preventing the use of cigarettes, chewing and spitting tobacco, and snuff by children and youths. It covers the results of recent initiatives to limit young people's access to tobacco and discusses approaches to controls or bans on tobacco sales, price sensitivity among adolescents, and arguments for and against taxation as a prevention strategy for tobacco use. The controversial area of tobacco advertising is thoroughly examined. With clear guidelines for public action, everyone can benefit by reading and acting on the messages in this comprehensive and compelling book.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309103827
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Ending the Tobacco Problem written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-27 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation has made tremendous progress in reducing tobacco use during the past 40 years. Despite extensive knowledge about successful interventions, however, approximately one-quarter of American adults still smoke. Tobacco-related illnesses and death place a huge burden on our society. Ending the Tobacco Problem generates a blueprint for the nation in the struggle to reduce tobacco use. The report reviews effective prevention and treatment interventions and considers a set of new tobacco control policies for adoption by federal and state governments. Carefully constructed with two distinct parts, the book first provides background information on the history and nature of tobacco use, developing the context for the policy blueprint proposed in the second half of the report. The report documents the extraordinary growth of tobacco use during the first half of the 20th century as well as its subsequent reversal in the mid-1960s (in the wake of findings from the Surgeon General). It also reviews the addictive properties of nicotine, delving into the factors that make it so difficult for people to quit and examines recent trends in tobacco use. In addition, an overview of the development of governmental and nongovernmental tobacco control efforts is provided. After reviewing the ethical grounding of tobacco control, the second half of the book sets forth to present a blueprint for ending the tobacco problem. The book offers broad-reaching recommendations targeting federal, state, local, nonprofit and for-profit entities. This book also identifies the benefits to society when fully implementing effective tobacco control interventions and policies.
Author : Prabhat Jha
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821345191
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (451 download)
Download or read book Curbing the Epidemic written by Prabhat Jha and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. Addresses important economic and social issues confronting policymakers when dealing with the issue of tobacco control and its impact on the social and economic resources of both developed and developing countries.
Author : William C. Cockerham
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135963223
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)
Download or read book Health and Social Change in Russia and Eastern Europe written by William C. Cockerham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-05-03 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the social causes of the decline in life expectancy in Russia and Eastern Europe. Countries discussed include Russia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and East Germany.
