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Factors Associated With Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy For The Treatment Of Hiv Infected Women Attending An Urban Private Health Care Facility
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Book Synopsis Factors Associated with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment of HIV Infected Women Attending an Urban Private Health Care Facility by : Heila Elizabeth Aspeling
Download or read book Factors Associated with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment of HIV Infected Women Attending an Urban Private Health Care Facility written by Heila Elizabeth Aspeling and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Partnership Factors on Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Antiretroviral Therapy by : Zoe Gabriele Baker
Download or read book The Impact of Partnership Factors on Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Antiretroviral Therapy written by Zoe Gabriele Baker and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adherence to medications for HIV prevention and treatment is essential to reducing HIV transmission risk and improving health outcomes. Adherence to these medications remain insufficient in several key populations, however. Understanding how partnership types and dynamics may encourage or hinder HIV medication adherence is necessary to improving adherence rates among important sub-groups, including young men who have sex with men (YMSM), serodiscordant couples, and adolescent girls. My first paper identified the partnership and housing factors associated with adherence to oral PrEP among YMSM. PrEP adherence was relatively low in the study, declining from 46% at baseline to 39% at study conclusion. PrEP adherence was significantly associated with increasing age (OR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.60), and race (African-Americans vs. other OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.66). Relationship type, length, and depth, number of partners, and partner's HIV status were not significantly associated with adherence. PrEP adherence was associated with housing insecurity, including ever being kicked out of the home (AOR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.18, 1.04), and the Housing Insecurity Index (AOR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.93). PrEP adherence was also associated with privacy, including number of people living in the residence (AOR=0.82; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.95), sleeping in a private bedroom (AOR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.01, 4.40), and the Lack of Privacy Index (AOR=0.82; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.95). YMSM did not modify their PrEP-taking depending on relationship risk. Housing insecurity and lack of privacy may hinder PrEP adherence among YMSM. My second paper determined whether HIV viral suppression was associated with partnership status and partnership support among HIV-positive individuals and serodiscordant couples in Brazil. Viral suppression did not significantly differ between HIV-positive partnered (79% virally suppressed) and unpartnered (76% virally suppressed) individuals. Among individuals in partnerships, viral load suppression was significantly associated with having partners who attended monthly visits (AOR=2.99; 95% CI: 1.00, 8.93); among women in partnerships, viral load suppression was significantly associated with having a partner who actively reminded them to take ART (AOR=2.67; 95% CI: 1.04, 6.88). Practical measures of social support, including attending monthly visits and reminding a partner to take ART, may improve viral suppression among HIV-positive individuals in serodiscordant partnerships. My third paper assessed the product, relationship, and sex factors that affect acceptability of a vaginal ring (VR) for HIV prevention among adolescent girls aged 15 to 17 years. Product factors were most frequently mentioned as barriers to VR acceptability. Many participants reported concerns about the large size of the VR upon first impression, and some reported pain with VR insertion. Several participants reported concerns regarding cleanliness of the VR, particularly during menstruation. Relationship factors rarely appeared to act as barriers to VR acceptability; the majority of participants disclosed VR use to their sexual partners, and positive reactions from sexual partners regarding the VR were common. Emotional and/or physical discomfort surrounding VR use during sex was mentioned occasionally as a potentially barrier to VR acceptability. Relationship factors appear to be important in several populations for adherence to HIV-related medications. YMSM in high-risk sexual relationships may not modify PrEP-taking, leaving them at risk for HIV acquisition. Among serodiscordant couples, practical measures of partnership support may improve ART adherence and promote viral suppression. While adolescent girls most often reported that product-related factors inhibited VR acceptability, lack of partnership disclosure, negative partner reactions, and discomfort during sex may hinder VR acceptability among some girls.
Book Synopsis Exploration of Factors Associated with Poor Adherence Among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy at Katutura State Hospital Communicable Disease Clinic in Khomas Region, Namibia by : Anna Thobias
Download or read book Exploration of Factors Associated with Poor Adherence Among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy at Katutura State Hospital Communicable Disease Clinic in Khomas Region, Namibia written by Anna Thobias and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: HIV/AIDS affects the health of millions of people world wide. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS [UNAIDS], the number of people living with HIV globally has risen from 26 million in 2001 to 33.2 million in 2007. It is estimated that 2.5 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2007. The introduction of anti-retroviral therapy [ART] has brought hope to millions of people living with HIV and AIDS. More recently, the increased availability of treatment in many countries including Namibia has dramatically improved survival rates and lowered the incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV patients. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a fundamental attribute of excellent clinical HIV care and a key aspect in determining the effectiveness of treatment. Strict adherence to ART is vital to maintain low viral load and to prevent the development of drug resistant virus. Poor adherence is one of the key obstacles to successful ART for HIV positive patients. Literature has shown that there are various factors that hinder adherence to ART such as patient, service, community, family, socio-economic and work-related factors. Aim: This study aimed to describe the experiences of patients in the ART programme at Katutura State Hospital, Communicable Disease Clinic (CDC), in the Khomas region of Namibia and to explore factors that contribute to poor adherence. .
Book Synopsis HIV Screening and Access to Care by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book HIV Screening and Access to Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-21 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased HIV screening may help identify more people with the disease, but there may not be enough resources to provide them with the care they need. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on HIV Screening and Access to Care concludes that more practitioners must be trained in HIV/AIDS care and treatment and their hospitals, clinics, and health departments must receive sufficient funding to meet a growing demand for care.
Book Synopsis Psychosocial Factors that Affect Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Amongst HIV/AIDS Patients at Kalafong Hospital by : Gugulethu Moratioa
Download or read book Psychosocial Factors that Affect Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Amongst HIV/AIDS Patients at Kalafong Hospital written by Gugulethu Moratioa and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research focuses on the psychosocial factors that affect adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) amongst HIV/AIDS patients at Kalafong Hospital. Even though the development of such regimens has helped turn HIV infection in the United States into a relatively manageable, though still serious chronic disease, compliance remains one of the major challenges in managing medication for those patients living with HIV/AIDS. This is particularly relevant given the high adherence rate (95%) required to obtain a successful long-lasting effect. In South Africa non-compliance to HAART is an under-explored phenomenon. Consequently, an understanding of factors influencing compliance is still incomplete. A qualitative study that investigates non-adherence to medication in HIV/AIDS patients was undertaken at Kalafong Hospital. This study aimed to understand patients' psychosocial difficulties resulting in non-adherence. The study was approached in terms of the health belief model (HBM), which addresses individual characteristics pertaining to change, the transtheoretical change model (TTM) and the motivational interviewing model (MI), which address both individual and social contexts pertaining to change. The findings are designed for use by healthcare professionals as a proactive compliance enhancement tool. Participants were recruited through referrals by the medical staff to the researcher. The criteria included that participants had relapsed due to non-compliance with drug therapy. Participants that were currently experiencing difficulties with adherence were also included in the study. Males and females aged between 20 and 40 were included in the study. Fifteen participants between the ages of 20 and 40 participated in the study (13 females and two males). The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and follow-up unstructured questions. The interviews were audio recorded and field notes were taken. Data were analysed qualitatively. Sixteen themes emerged and were further classified into two categories: individual and social context. The themes were then compared and integrated with the literature. The study concludes that psychosocial factors such as support from family, friends and healthcare workers was found to be of utmost importance in encouraging adherence. Medication can only prolong a patient's life if the psychosocial context in which the patient is embedded is considered in the treatment plan.
Book Synopsis Scaling Up Treatment for the Global AIDS Pandemic by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Scaling Up Treatment for the Global AIDS Pandemic written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-11-24 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An estimated forty million people carry the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and five million more become newly infected annually. In recent years, many HIV-infected patients in wealthy nations have enjoyed significantly longer, good-quality lives as a result of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, most infected individuals live in the poorest regions of the world, where ART is virtually nonexistent. The consequent death toll in these regionsâ€"especially sub-Saharan Africaâ€"is begetting economic and social collapse. To inform the multiple efforts underway to deploy antiretroviral drugs in resource-poor settings, the Institute of Medicine committee was asked to conduct an independent review and assessment of rapid scale-up ART programs. It was also asked to identify the components of effective implementation programs. At the heart of the committee's report lie five imperatives: Immediately introduce and scale up ART programs in resource-poor settings. Devise strategies to ensure high levels of patient adherence to complicated treatment regimens. Rapidly address human-resource shortages to avoid the failure of program implementation. Continuously monitor and evaluate the programs to form the most effective guidelines and treatment regimens for each population. Prepare to sustain ART for decades.
Book Synopsis Peer Review in Health Sciences by : Tom Jefferson
Download or read book Peer Review in Health Sciences written by Tom Jefferson and published by BMJ Books. This book was released on 2003-09-26 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has established itself as the authoritative text on health sciences peer review. Contributions from the world's leading figures discuss the state of peer review, question its role in the currently changing world of electronic journal publishing, and debate where it should go from here. The second edition has been thoroughly revised and new chapters added on qualitative peer review, training, consumers and innovation.
Book Synopsis Factors Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Nonadherence in Older Adults with HIV by : Katryna Floyd McCoy
Download or read book Factors Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Nonadherence in Older Adults with HIV written by Katryna Floyd McCoy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has contributed to a significant decrease in the number of deaths resulting from HIV/AIDS infections. Despite the decline in mortality rates for the total population of those infected with HIV, adults aged 50 years and older who are HIV+ have continued to have higher mortality when compared to younger HIV+ persons. This disparity exists in part because of inadequate adherence. However, the reasons for this disparity have not been fully evaluated, particularly among older women. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors associated with antiretroviral therapy nonadherence and treatment adherence self-efficacy in HIV+ adults aged 50 years and older. The specific aims are to: (1) Describe the demographic, HIV disease-specific and psychosocial factors associated with adherence outcomes in African American women aged 50 years and older who are infected with HIV and are nonadherent to ART regimens. (2) Describe gender or racialized differences in factors associated with adherence outcomes in older HIV+ African American women compared to other older adults who are HIV+. This descriptive study involved a secondary analysis of baseline data collected from the 426 African American (n = 87 women and 168 men) and White American (n = 30 women and 141 men) participants in the "PRIME" study (Dr. Sheryl Catz, PI), a telephone-based antiretroviral therapy adherence and quality of life intervention in older Americans living with HIV. Predictor variables for this analysis included demographic factors, HIV disease-related factors, and psychosocial factors. Dependent variables included primarily, self-reported 7 day ART nonadherence and secondarily, treatment adherence self-efficacy. Cross-sectional data analysis involved descriptive statistics, comparisons and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using SPSS. Although African American women had the highest levels of ART nonadherence, their levels of nonadherence were not statistically different than the other ethnic/gender groups. The level of ART nonadherence was strongly correlated with social functioning, perceived stress and depression severity in the men. Treatment self-efficacy was strongly correlated with social functioning, depression and patient-provider interactions across each of the groups. Neither ethnic nor gender differences contributed to the differences in ART nonadherence or treatment self-efficacy across the groups.
Book Synopsis Multi-level Barriers to ART Adherence Among HIV-infected Women in Rural Eswatini by : Nozipho Becker
Download or read book Multi-level Barriers to ART Adherence Among HIV-infected Women in Rural Eswatini written by Nozipho Becker and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eswatini has the highest global prevalence of HIV despite universal access to free treatment. Lack of compliance continues to be a significant challenge for HIV care and management programs throughout the country. Studies investigating barriers to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, particularly in women, who are the most vulnerable to HIV infections, are limited. The disproportionate impact of HIV on women can be attributed to multiple risk factors at the individual, household, and community/structural levels. Women living in rural settings are particularly at risk as a result of socio-cultural and environmental vulnerabilities such as oppressive traditional practices, intimate partner violence, and limited access to financial resources. We employed a mixed methods exploratory sequential design to investigate barriers associated with ART adherence among HIV-infected women living in rural Eswatini. The qualitative phase of the study included four focus group discussions (FGDs n=41) with HIV-infected rural women, and in-depth interviews of healthcare workers (n=8). Data analysis used open and axial coding techniques, with interpretation following the social ecological model. The quantitative phase involved in-person survey interviews of HIV-infected women (n=166) and logistic regression models were used to examine the extent to which critical barriers affected ART adherence. Intrapersonal barriers to ART adherence include: hunger, side effects of ART, personal stress, stigma, and forgetfulness. Lack of food, lack of disclosure of HIV status, and limited and financial resources were identified as critical barriers at the household level. Community/ institutional barriers included: lack of privacy, travel time, transportation costs, excessive alcohol use, maltreatment, gossip, and long waits at clinics. Of twenty barriers identified from the qualitative phase, nine (hunger, hunger-related medication side effects, feelings of stress, forgetfulness, mode of transport, age, gossip, maltreatment by clinic staff, and community support) were significantly associated with ART adherence. Numerous factors across multiple levels interact and influence ART adherence. Collectively, our findings pinpoint priority areas to target for development, testing, and evaluation of future interventions aimed at increasing HIV medication adherence among one of the most vulnerable segments of Eswatini's population, HIV-infected women in rural communities.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in AIDS Patients in Gert Sibande District, Mpumalanga Province by : Laszchevon Muzimkhulu Zungu
Download or read book An Evaluation of Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in AIDS Patients in Gert Sibande District, Mpumalanga Province written by Laszchevon Muzimkhulu Zungu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction An estimated 11.4% of South Africans are infected with HIV. As of 2007, 1.7 million people required antiretroviral therapy (ART) and only 460 000 were reported to be on ART. ART can improve the quality of life and socio-economic status for HIV positive patients. This study aimed at evaluating the role played by the different factors in influencing treatment adherence among HIV patients on ART. Methods The study was conducted on patients receiving out-patient ART in two district hospitals (one urban and the other rural) of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The study project was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Pretoria as well as by the Mpumalanga Provincial Department of Health. This was an analytical, cross-sectional study. The sample size for the study was 490 (245 per site). Facility-based patient appointment registers for the period June-August 2008 were used as the sampling frame. The respondents were selected through systematic random sampling. An interviewer directed standardised questionnaire was administered to the respondents after securing voluntary informed consent. Data were also extracted from the attendance registers in the two facilities. Adherence was measured using the Patient Medication Treatment Adherence Questionnaire. The Pearson chi-square test of association and binary logistic regression analysis were used for identifying significant predictors of non-adherence variables. Results Four hundred and twenty nine questionnaires of the 488 returned questionnaires were analysed. Sixty one questionnaires were disqualified due to incompleteness of data. The response rate was 99.7% in both study areas and participants reported adherence was 92.54%. The median age of the respondents was 36 (IQR, 13), gender distribution was 21.13% males and 78.87% females. The median duration of treatment (in months) with ART was 15 months (IQR, 18). Treatment adherence was higher in the urban than in the rural hospital. The variables that were significantly associated with non-adherence were urban residence (OR 0.39 [0.2-0.8]): lack of social support (OR 2.74 [1.3-5.7]): Discussion There were also some qualitative variables that had a bearing on quality of healthcare services that could explain differences between the rural and urban sites. Social support and urban residence demonstrated association with treatment adherence. Copyright.
Book Synopsis Factors that Influence Risk Behavior in HIV Infected Women Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Kampala and Masaka, Uganda by : Ellen W. MacLachlan
Download or read book Factors that Influence Risk Behavior in HIV Infected Women Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Kampala and Masaka, Uganda written by Ellen W. MacLachlan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women living in sub-Saharan Africa are more affected by HIV/AIDS than any other population in the world. Two-thirds of all new HIV infections worldwide occur in sub-Saharan Africa and over 60% of these infections are in women. Indeed, 70% of all women globally who are infected with HIV reside in this region (UNAIDS, 2006). If women are already infected with HIV, unprotected sex puts them at risk of transmitting the virus to a partner or to an unborn child. It also puts them at risk of becoming superinfected with different HIV strains, including HIV strains that are already resistant to HIV drugs (Little et al., 1999; Hecht et al., 1998; Flaks, Burman, Gourley, Rietmeijer, Cohn, 2003; Kozal et al., 2006). HIV infected women also need to be concerned with adherence to their antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. Lack of adherence to drug regimens puts women at risk of poor HIV treatment outcomes such as drug resistance (Chesney, 2003). When used consistently and correctly, male condoms are the most effective method of protection against HIV for sexually active persons (Stone, Timyan, Thomas,1999). Women, however, may be unable to negotiate the use of a male condom because strong gender-based power differentials and conservative social and cultural norms often make this decision completely up to a man (Gupta, 2002; Cohen, 2004). The constraints on a woman's ability to reduce her risk have led to concerns about the use of individual based models for HIV/AIDS behavior in women. These models often fail to acknowledge the relationship factors and the social, cultural and economic contexts that influence women's behavior. These concerns with inadequate models of HIV risk reduction for women have resulted in the publication of numerous articles proposing social-structural, also referred to as structural and environmental, models of HIV/AIDS risk reduction for women (Parker et al., 2002; O'Leary & Martins, 2000; Parker et al., 2000; Sumartojo,2000; Sweat & Denison, 1995; Decosas, 1996; Farmer, 2003; Turshen, 1998; Tawil et al., 1995; Lurie et al., 2004). This study, therefore, sought to use social-structural variables in exploring women's HIV-related risk behaviors in a sub-Saharan Africa setting, Uganda, in East Africa. Although much is known about structural and environmental approaches to HIV prevention among HIV negative women, little is known about the potential application of this approach to studying sexual risk behaviors and adherence to ART among HIV infected women. The overall aim of the study was to examine associations between social-structural variables (e.g., poverty, gender power dynamics) and two outcome variables: history of unprotected sex and self-reported adherence to ART among HIV infected women enrolled in drug therapy programs. Data were collected using structured interviews with 377 HIV infected women in four different HIV/AIDS treatment programs in Kampala and Masaka, Uganda. A major finding of the study was that few women in the sample were sexually active(34%), partly due to the high proportion of non-sexually active widows (49%). The majority of sexually active women reported condom use at last sex act (75%) and disclosure of their HIV status to a main partner (78%). In multivariate analysis condom use at last sex act was strongly predicted by the need to borrow food to survive (OR=5.440, 95% CI 1.237, 23.923, p
Book Synopsis Factors Associated with Appointment and Medication Adherence in Low Income Latinas Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus by : Lorraine Ann Garcia-Teague
Download or read book Factors Associated with Appointment and Medication Adherence in Low Income Latinas Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus written by Lorraine Ann Garcia-Teague and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly.
Book Synopsis HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean by :
Download or read book HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Associated with ART Non-adherence and Contributing Influence of Stock Shortages at Nkongsamba Regional Hospital, Cameroon by : Gillian OBryan
Download or read book Factors Associated with ART Non-adherence and Contributing Influence of Stock Shortages at Nkongsamba Regional Hospital, Cameroon written by Gillian OBryan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) requires a high level of adherence for treatment success and viral suppression. Studies from Cameroon's capital report low levels of adherence and have identified multiple factors associated with non-adherence. This study described adherence to ART among HIV-infected patients receiving treatment at Nkongsamba Regional Hospital, and identified factors associated with non-adherence. This study also investigated the impact of stock shortages on the lives of patients. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Nkongsamba Regional Hospital's HIV center. Patients receiving ART aged over 21 years were randomly selected and interviewed using a mixed-methods questionnaire about their experience taking ART and their experience with stock shortages. Additional longitudinal data was extracted from HIV center records. Participants were grouped into adherent and non-adherent based on a composite score derived from a three questions tool developed by the Center for Adherence Support Evaluation (CASE). Pearson's chi-square tests and independent samples t-tests were performed to identify factors associated with adherence. Results 201 patients were interviewed using the mixed-methods questionnaire. 127 (62.2%) were classified as adherent to ART and 76 (37.8%) classified as non-adherent according to the CASE index of adherence determination. Women were significantly more likely than men to report poor adherence to ART (p=. 08). Married and widowed respondents were significantly more likely than those who were single, divorced or living with a partner to report good adherence to ART (p=.08). There was no association found between stock shortages of ART and adherence (p=.56). Responses to the open-ended questions revealed financial, psychological, and physiological adverse effects of stock shortages. Coping strategies related to religion, antibiotic use, stockpiling medication, calling ahead to the hospital, good nutrition, and good psychological health were reported to mitigate the adverse effects of stock shortages. Non-adherence to ART remains unacceptably high in this population. Stock shortages of ART were not found to be significantly associated with non-adherence; however, the supplementary longitudinal and qualitative data suggests that stock shortages do have a negative impact on other aspects of patients' lives.
Book Synopsis Qualitative Research Methods by : Monique Hennink
Download or read book Qualitative Research Methods written by Monique Hennink and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010-11-30 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lecturers, click here to request an e-inspection copy of this text Qualitative Research Methods is based on the authors′ highly successful multidisciplinary qualitative methods workshops, which have been conducted for over a decade. In this book the authors propose a ′qualitative research cycle′ that leads students through the selection of appropriate methods, the collection of data and the transformation of findings into a finished project. It provides a clear explanation of the nature of qualitative research and its key concepts. Topics covered include: o formulating qualitative research questions o ethical issues o in-depth interviews o focus group discussions o observation o coding o data analysis o writing up qualitative research This text is ideal for any students taking a qualitative methods course or producing a qualitative research project at undergraduate or graduate level. It is illustrated throughout with case studies and field examples from a range of international contexts. The practical techniques are also accompanied by the author′s own research tools including interview guides, real coded data and comprehensive research checklists.
Book Synopsis Factors Related to Medication Adherence and Viral Variability in HIV+ Individuals by : Shannon R. Bierma
Download or read book Factors Related to Medication Adherence and Viral Variability in HIV+ Individuals written by Shannon R. Bierma and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on HIV treatment has indicated there are numerous factors that contribute to medication nonadherence, and therefore, risk of transmission. Mental health issues, substance abuse, and co-occurring physical health issues have shown to have negative impacts on HIV medication adherence. Additionally, living in a rural area compared to an urban region negatively impacts adherence. African American males fare the worst in HIV treatment, having the least engagement with HIV care resulting in late stage HIV upon diagnosis, and are within a group that are at the highest risk of infection. Gender role socialization theory and research on male help-seeking behavior guides the current study that aims to investigate predictive factors and the intersection of these factors on HIV medication adherence. This theory states that males are less likely to seek medical and mental health care, or underreport symptoms. Participants were 133 Ryan White Part B clients who have received support and treatment for HIV for at least two years. A retrospective longitudinal design examined how intersecting factors predicted viral variability and CD4 counts in HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals. It was hypothesized that mental health issues, substance abuse, physical health comorbidities, region (e.g., South versus North), and race (e.g., African American/Black versus White counterparts) would impact viral variability and CD4 counts. Results showed that substance abuse, changes in urban/rural residence, and physical health comorbidities impacted viral variability or CD4 counts, and ultimately, substance abuse had the greatest negative impact. Implications of these findings can guide future research and clinical interventions for co-treating substance abuse and HIV.
