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Factors Affecting Error Bounds In The Use Of High Frequency Radar For The Remote Sensing Of The Ocean Surface
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Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Error Bounds in the Use of High Frequency Radar for the Remote Sensing of the Ocean Surface by : Moses Norga
Download or read book Factors Affecting Error Bounds in the Use of High Frequency Radar for the Remote Sensing of the Ocean Surface written by Moses Norga and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Review of Propagation and Scattering Factors in Remote-Sensing and Ship-Tracking by HF (High Frequency) Radar by : E. D. R. Shearman
Download or read book A Review of Propagation and Scattering Factors in Remote-Sensing and Ship-Tracking by HF (High Frequency) Radar written by E. D. R. Shearman and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The propagation-loss, noise and scattering mechanisms involved in ground-wave radar for sea-state sensing and ship-tracking are first reviewed, taking as an example a coastal installation in the U.K. Techniques for extracting surface-current, surface-wind and directional sea-wave spectrum from first and second-order sea-echo are described, with reference to the influence of the antenna directivity and propagation factors. The special factors affecting ship-tracking in range, azimuth and Doppler are illustrated. The second part of the review concerns the use of sky-wave radar for sea-state sensing and for assessing the ionospheric layer configuration and propagation mode patterns. Sea-state sensing is shown to require real-time propagation assessment for effective frequency-management. Rapid sweep-frequency, sweep-azimuth and Doppler analysis are shown to be desirable. (Author).
Book Synopsis On the Variability of Doppler Spectra in Hf Groundwave Radar Remote Sensing Over the Ocean Surface by : Jianjun Zhang
Download or read book On the Variability of Doppler Spectra in Hf Groundwave Radar Remote Sensing Over the Ocean Surface written by Jianjun Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ocean Remote Sensing Technologies by : Weimin Huang
Download or read book Ocean Remote Sensing Technologies written by Weimin Huang and published by IET. This book was released on 2021-12-17 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a systematic introduction to the principles, state-of-the-art methods and applications of high frequency surface/sky wave radar and microwave marine radar, as well as an exploration of ongoing challenges in the field. It is a valuable resource for the radar and remote sensing communities.
Book Synopsis Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists by :
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1961-05 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Ocean Surface Current and Current Shear by HF Backscatter Radar by : Eng-Chong Ha
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Ocean Surface Current and Current Shear by HF Backscatter Radar written by Eng-Chong Ha and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Doppler spectrum of radar return from the sea at HF contains two narrow lines displaced upward and downward from the carrier frequency, resulting from backscatter off ocean surface waves moving toward and away from the radar, respectively. These Bragg lines indicate resonant backscatter which occurs for the ocean waves of length one-half the radio wavelength. The phase velocity of these gravity waves consists of two components; the first is determined by the wavelength and the second by the current component in the direction of wave propagation averaged over depth with an exponential weighting function that has a characteristic scale proportional to the wavelength. The Doppler shift of the radar carrier is determined by the wave phase velocity. Its variation with carrier frequency is thus related to the vertical profile of the current component in the radar direction by a Laplace transform; therein lies the principle of radio measurement of ocean current and its vertical shear. Radio backscatter experiments to verify the feasibility of such measurements were conducted using the radar operating at four frequencies covering the range from 3 to 30 MHz. The depth-averaged radial current deduced from the centroid of the Doppler-shifted sea echo experiments at 6.8, 13.3, 21.7, and 29.8 MHz showed fluctuations on the order of 1 cm/sec superimposed on temporal trends that reached maximum values of about 40 cm/sec. It is concluded that multifrequency backscatter ground-wave radar at HF constitutes a powerful technique for mapping current and its vertical profile in the top few meters of the ocean.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Swell and Currents in Coastal Zone by HF Radar by : Weili Wang
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Swell and Currents in Coastal Zone by HF Radar written by Weili Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearshore marine environment contains many complex processes, but the lack of high-resolution data over a large area during a long time is often the primary obstacle to further research. High-frequency (HF) radar is a mean of remote sensing which obtains continuous near-real time sea surface information over a large area. Thus the study of inversion of marine parameters from HF radar data is very meaningful. Thisthesis makes use of a 13-month-long dataset collected by two phased array HF radar to investigate the characteristics of the sea echo signals, study the data processing and inversion methods, compute sea surface parameters and evaluate the accuracy of radarinversion of swell parameters.The thesis refers to the ground wave HF radar, whose radio waves interact with ocean by Bragg resonance scattering. The development history and applications of HF radar is introduced. The basic theory of electromagnetic wave is reviewed. The principles of inversion of sea surface current, wind direction and swell parameters are described. The feasibility of the swell parameter inversion is investigated. Based on theoretical analysis and statistical studies of a large number of samples, the thesis proposes a series of methods on raw signal processing and quality control, including the determination of the noise level, data averaging in space and time, the proper identification of spectral peaks, the peak width threshold, etc. Respecting the characteristics of different physical processes, inversions of current and wind use spectra collected every 20 min; inversion of swell parameters uses one-hour averaged spectra. The statistics of qualified spectra for swell parameter calculations are presented for both stations. A set of efficient, with a reduced computational cost, automatic computing programs are developed to do the processing and derive marine parameters. Radial current velocities are derived from single radar station. Current vector fields are obtained by combination of both stations. One-year mean flow field in the Iroise Sea is shown, together with the computation of vorticity and divergence. A one-month SeaSonde radar dataset off Qingdao is studied. One-month mean flow pattern together with vorticity and divergence are presented.Relative wind direction with respect to radar look direction is measured through ratio of Bragg peaks amplitudes. Different empirical models are employed to derive radar-inverted relative wind direction. Results show reasonable agreement with model estimations. Different directional distribution models are used to measure the spreading factor for the Iroise Sea. The thesis focuses on the study of swell parameters. Results are validated by buoy and wave model (WAVEWATCH III) data. The assessments show that the accuracy of swell frequency is very good, the accuracy of swell significant waveheight is reasonable, and the accuracy of relative swell direction is low.Consistency of measurements by both radar stations is verified by comparison between the two. This also supports the use of double samples to do the inversion. Use of two radars not only further improves the accuracy but also solves the ambiguity of relative swell direction from single station and gives the absolute wave direction to a certain precision. The thesis proposes a constant relative directionmethod to derive swell significant waveheight, based on the studies of radar integral equation and the inverted results of relative swell direction. This proposal is demonstrated to improve the agreement of radar inversion and buoy/model provided significant waveheight and increases significantly the number of samples. The thesis investigates the accuracy of swell parameters obtained by HF radar. Contributions of random errors in radar observations are quantified. Comparing the differences between radar and buoy/model estimations gives assessments of the contribution of radar intrinsic uncertainty and contribution of other factors.
Book Synopsis Estimation of Ocean Surface Parameters by High Frequency Radar by :
Download or read book Estimation of Ocean Surface Parameters by High Frequency Radar written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes the advances that have been made in the use of high frequency (HF) Doppler radars for the remote sensing of various surface parameters in an ocean environment. It presents an experimental design used by Northern Radar Systems, the results, a discussion and conclusions. Results presented are compared with data provided by the Canadian Atmospheric Environment Service, as well as with a Pierson-Moskowitz ocean model.
Book Synopsis Sea Surface Roughness Observed by High Resolution Radar by : Atsushi Fujimura
Download or read book Sea Surface Roughness Observed by High Resolution Radar written by Atsushi Fujimura and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in sea surface roughness are usually associated with a change in the sea surface wind field. This interaction has been exploited to measure sea surface wind speed by scatterometry. A number of features on the sea surface associated with changes in roughness can be observed by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) because of the change in Bragg backscatter of the radar signal by damping of the resonant ocean capillary waves. With various radar frequencies, resolutions, and modes of polarization, sea surface features have been analyzed in numerous campaigns, bringing various datasets together, thus allowing for new insights into small-scale processes at a larger areal coverage. This Special Issue aims at investigating sea surface features detected by high spatial resolution radar systems, such as SAR.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing Ot the Ocean Surface Using MF/HF Radar by : W. A. Sandham
Download or read book Remote Sensing Ot the Ocean Surface Using MF/HF Radar written by W. A. Sandham and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The High Frequency Surface Wave Radar Cross Section for Ocean Swell by : Chengxi Shen
Download or read book The High Frequency Surface Wave Radar Cross Section for Ocean Swell written by Chengxi Shen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Validation of High Frequency Radar Used in Ocean Surface Current Mapping Via In-situ Drifting Buoys by :
Download or read book Validation of High Frequency Radar Used in Ocean Surface Current Mapping Via In-situ Drifting Buoys written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High frequency (HF) radar and its application to mapping ocean surface currents is a relatively new field of study in oceanography. Nevertheless, this scientific field produces real, tangible, accurate real-time results readily available to the military operational planner. The information gained through this process aids in the planning and execution of littoral operations via the development of the battle-space environment. Additionally, commercial use of this information can aide in the containment of coastal oil spills, efforts in search and rescue, and the execution of coastal engineering projects. Indeed, the utilization of High Frequency radar in the ocean environment has many beneficial qualities used by a wide variety of organizations. This study focuses on the validation aspects of High Frequency radar through the use of four drifters placed in-situ from 23-27 January 2008 on the Central California Coast from Monterey to San Francisco. A second experiment was conducted from 01-10 April 2008 involving 32 drifters placed west of the San Francisco Bay. Various statistical comparisons of radial current velocity data from 12 CODAR (Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar) stations to the radial velocity data of each of the drifters will be analyzed.
Book Synopsis Errors in HF Radar Ocean Current Measurements by : Tatsuya Najima
Download or read book Errors in HF Radar Ocean Current Measurements written by Tatsuya Najima and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IGARSS 2004 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Breaking Ocean Waves by : Eugene A. Sharkov
Download or read book Breaking Ocean Waves written by Eugene A. Sharkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-14 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eugene Sharkov, of the Space Research Institute in Moscow, has here put together the most comprehensive description of the physical findings of an investigation into the spatio-temporal characteristics of the gravity of breaking waves. He’s also described the foam activity in the open sea using methods and instruments of optical and microwave remote sensing. Numerous practical applications and illustrations are provided from air-borne, ship-borne and laboratory up-to-date experiments.
Download or read book Earth Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
