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Fabrication And Characterization Of Low Cost Solar Cells Based On Earth Abundant Materials For Sustainable Photovoltaics
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Book Synopsis Fabrication and Characterization of Low Cost Solar Cells based on Earth Abundant Materials for Sustainable Photovoltaics by : Mahmoud Abdelfatah
Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Low Cost Solar Cells based on Earth Abundant Materials for Sustainable Photovoltaics written by Mahmoud Abdelfatah and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2016-07-08 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The low cost and low temperature electrochemical deposition technique was employed to grow Cu2O thin films and ZnO:Al thin films were deposited by d.c. magnetron sputtering in order to fabricate solar cells. The potentiostatic and galvanostatic electrodeposition modes were used to deposit the Cu2O thin films. Raman spectra of thin films have shown characteristic frequencies of crystalline Cu2O. The contact between Cu2O and Au is found to be an Ohmic contact. The devices grown by a potentiostatic mode have higher efficiency than those grown by a galvanostatic mode. The optimum thickness of Cu2O thin films as an absorber layer in solar cells. was found to be around 3 µm respect to a high efficiency. Flexible and light weight solar cell was fabricated on plastic substrate.
Book Synopsis Civil, Architecture and Environmental Engineering by : Jimmy C.M. Kao
Download or read book Civil, Architecture and Environmental Engineering written by Jimmy C.M. Kao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 1664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume work contains the papers presented at the 2016 International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Environmental Engineering (ICCAE 2016) that was held on 4-6 November 2016 in Taipei, Taiwan. The meeting was organized by China University of Technology and Taiwan Society of Construction Engineers and brought together professors, researchers, scholars and industrial pioneers from all over the world. ICCAE 2016 is an important forum for the presentation of new research developments, exchange of ideas and experience and covers the following subject areas: Structural Science & Architecture Engineering, Building Materials & Materials Science, Construction Equipment & Mechanical Science, Environmental Science & Environmental Engineering, Computer Simulation & Computer and Electrical Engineering.
Book Synopsis Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy by : George Wicks
Download or read book Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy written by George Wicks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This useful, one-stop resource for understanding the most important issues in materials challenges in alternative and renewable energy. The logically organized and carefully selected articles give insight into materials challenges in alternative renewable energy and incorporate the latest developments related to materials challenges in alternative renewable energy, including hydrogen, batteries and energy storage materials, hydropower, and biomass.
Book Synopsis Progress in Nanoscale and Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices by : Hilmi Ünlü
Download or read book Progress in Nanoscale and Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices written by Hilmi Ünlü and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-18 with total page 939 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes most recent progress in the properties, synthesis, characterization, modelling, and applications of nanomaterials and nanodevices. It begins with the review of the modelling of the structural, electronic and optical properties of low dimensional and nanoscale semiconductors, methodology of synthesis, and characterization of quantum dots and nanowires, with special attention towards Dirac materials, whose electrical conduction and sensing properties far exceed those of silicon-based materials, making them strong competitors. The contributed reviews presented in this book touch on broader issues associated with the environment, as well as energy production and storage, while highlighting important achievements in materials pertinent to the fields of biology and medicine, exhibiting an outstanding confluence of basic physical science with vital human endeavor. The subjects treated in this book are attractive to the broader readership of graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, as well as in electrical, chemical, biological, and mechanical engineering. Seasoned researchers and experts from the semiconductor/device industry also greatly benefit from the book’s treatment of cutting-edge application studies.
Book Synopsis Thin Film Solar Cells by : Jef Poortmans
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Development by : Mohd Ambri Mohamed
Download or read book Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Development written by Mohd Ambri Mohamed and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2022-03-04 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 2nd Nanotechnology Malaysia Biennial Symposium (NanoSym 2021) Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 2nd Nanotechnology Malaysia Biennial Symposium (NanoSym 2021), October 11-13, 2021, Malaysia (virtual)
Book Synopsis Sulfide and Selenide Based Materials for Emerging Applications by : Goutam Kumar Dalapati
Download or read book Sulfide and Selenide Based Materials for Emerging Applications written by Goutam Kumar Dalapati and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-06-17 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfide and Selenide-Based Materials for Emerging Applications explores a materials and device-based approach to the transition to low-cost sustainable thin film photovoltaic devices and energy storage systems. Part 1 examines recent advances in renewable technologies and materials for sustainable development, as well as photovoltaic energy storage devices. Part 2 discusses thin film solar cells with earth abundant materials, highlighting the power conversion efficiency of the kesterite-based solar cells. Kesterite film technology including different synthesis and doping method designs are also discussed, along with emerging sulfide semiconductors with potential in thin film photovoltaics/flexible devices. In Part 3 sulfur- and selenides-based materials for thermoelectric applications are explored. Part 4 covers chalcogenide semiconductors with applications in electrochemical water splitting for green hydrogen generation and oxygen generation, as well as the latest research on layered 2D transition metal chalcogenides for electrochemical water splitting. To conclude, part 5 discusses recent developments of storage technologies such as Li-S batteries, sulfide-based supercapacitors and metal-ion batteries, and the development of 3D printing sulfides/selenides for energy conversion and storage. This book is a useful resource for those involved in green energy technology and decarbonization and is designed for a broad audience, from students to experienced scientists. Discusses the emerging sulfide/selenide based thin film absorber materials and their deposition methods Previews device engineering techniques that have been developed to enhance the power conversion efficiency and lifetime of sulfide/selenide based thin film solar cells Provides an update on what low cost sulfide/selenide based electro-catalysts have become available and the comparison of their performance vs. noble metal catalysts
Book Synopsis Solar Cells by : Arturo Morales-Acevedo
Download or read book Solar Cells written by Arturo Morales-Acevedo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-03-06 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, photovoltaic (PV) technology has shown the potential to become a major source of power generation for the world - with robust and continuous growth even during times of financial and economic crisis. That growth is expected to continue in the years ahead as worldwide awareness of the advantages of PV increases. However, cost remains as the greatest barrier to further expansion of PV-generated power, and therefore cost reduction is the prime goal of the PV and solar cell investigation. This book intends to contribute to such a purpose by covering a wide range of modern research topics in the solar cell physics and technology fields. The already established -1st generation- silicon solar cell technology, the 2nd generation thin film and the 3rd generation dye sensitized solar cells, including new technologies with very high perspectives for reducing the cost of solar electricity such as CZTS, organic polymer and tandem solar cells based on III-V compounds -under concentrated sunlight- are studied in this book by experts in the field from around the world. At the end, two chapters are also dedicated to the systems engineering, providing a complete PV energy research and application perspectives panorama
Book Synopsis Fabrication and Characterization of Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells by : Mulugeta Ayele Birhanu
Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells written by Mulugeta Ayele Birhanu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing price of natural gas and petroleum products and their environmental concerns, alternative energy sources are required i.e. renewable energy sources. Solar energy is the abundant form of renewable energy. In addition to that, the total amount of solar power that incident on earth for an hour can cover the world's annual electric power demand. Hence capturing even fraction of this abundant power source is vital. The technologies used to capture solar power are the photovoltaic systems which, through the photovoltaic effect in semiconductors in the solar cells comprising the system; convert the energy in the photons of the sunlight directly to electric power. The system with silicon solar cells has high production cost because of which it has been difficult for the system to be in to grid parity. The best alternative that attracted the attention of many researchers in the world is to use organic solar cells. Unlike their inorganic counterparts; the organic solar cells are easy and cheap to fabricate, light weighted, flexible, the semiconductors are tuneable with respect to their functions, colourful, can absorb light in cloudy days and semitransparent. The amount of semiconductor material required is very small (i.e. in 100nm). Because of these, even with half efficiency of inorganic ones can make them economical. The other advantage is that they can be used in areas where silicon solar cells haven't been used and properties like light weightiness, flexibility and colourfulness are required. This could be in the sports, agriculture, medical sector .... However, they have disadvantages: low efficiency and shorter life span due to degradation of the semiconductors. Some of the factors that determine performance of solar cell are the type of structure used for the active layer of the solar cell and its thickness. The two kinds of structures we used in the lab were the bi-layer and bulk-junction photoactive layer. The performance of the bulk-junction solar cells increase with thickness of the photoactive layer up to certain point due to high intimacy of contact between the donor and acceptor and from this point on wards the performance decreases as recombination starts to dominate the effect of the intimacy of contact. Comparison of the bi-layer and bulk-junction solar cells for certain thickness tells that the bi-layer has higher fill factor and open circuit voltage than the bulk-junction due to relatively low recombination and density of states. The efficiency of organic solar cells is increasing at higher rate recently as researches have been taking place even in big named companies. The degradation of the organic semiconductors is due to oxygen and water valour from air which can be avoided by encapsulation of the solar cells.
Book Synopsis Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science by : Inamuddin
Download or read book Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science written by Inamuddin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Solid State Synthetic Methods cover recent advances made in the field of solid-state materials synthesis and its various applications. The book provides a brief introduction to the topic and the fundamental principles governing the various methods. Sustainable techniques and green processes development in solid-state chemistry are also highlighted. This book also provides a comprehensive literature on the industrial application using solid-state materials and solid-state devices. Overall, this book is intended to explore green solid-state techniques, eco-friendly materials involved in organic synthesis and real-time applications. Provides a broad overview of solid-state chemistry Outlines an eco-friendly solid-state synthesis of modern nanomaterials, organometallic, coordination compounds and pure organic Gives a detailed account of solid-state chemistry, fundamentals, concepts, techniques and applications Deliberates cutting-edge recent advances in industrial technologies involved in energy, environmental, medicinal and organic chemistry fields
Book Synopsis Solar Technologies for the 21st Century by : Anco S. Blazev
Download or read book Solar Technologies for the 21st Century written by Anco S. Blazev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines solar technologies, describes their properties, and evaluates the technological potential of each. It also reviews the logistics of deploying solar energy as a viable and sustainable way to solve urgent energy, environmental, and socio-economic problems. Topics discussed include solar power generation, today’s solar technologies, solar thermal, silicon PV, thin PV, 3-D solar cells, nano-PV, organic solar cells, solar successes and failures, solar power fields, finance and regulations, solar markets and solar energy and the environment.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells by : Md. Akhtaruzzaman
Download or read book Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells written by Md. Akhtaruzzaman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells: Fundamental Concepts to Fabrication Methods is a one-stop, authoritative resource on all types of inorganic, organic and hybrid solar cells, including their theoretical background and the practical knowledge required for fabrication. With chapters rigorously dedicated to a particular type of solar cell, each subchapter takes a detailed look at synthesis recipes, deposition techniques, materials properties and their influence on solar cell performance, including advanced characterization methods with materials selection and experimental techniques. By addressing the evolution of solar cell technologies, second generation thin-film photovoltaics, organic solar cells, and finally, the latest hybrid organic-inorganic approaches, this book benefits students and researchers in solar cell technology to understand the similarities, differences, benefits and challenges of each device. Introduces the basic concepts of different photovoltaic cells to audiences from a wide variety of academic backgrounds Consists of working principles of a particular category of solar technology followed by dissection of every component within the architecture Crucial experimental procedures for the fabrication of solar cell devices are introduced, aiding picture practical application of the technology
Book Synopsis Development of Earth-abundant Materials and Low-cost Processes for Solar Cells by : Chih-Liang Wang
Download or read book Development of Earth-abundant Materials and Low-cost Processes for Solar Cells written by Chih-Liang Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of renewable solar energy research is to develop low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaic technologies. However, with the growing deployment of solar cells, approaching the terawatt scale, absorber materials reliant upon rare or unfriendly elements become a crucial issue. Thus, the primary objective of this dissertation is the development of a low-cost fabrication method for (i) thin-film solar cells and (ii) dye-sensitized solar cells using earth-abundant materials. In thin-film solar cells, the kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 with earth abundant elements is used as an absorber layer. It possesses a high absorption coefficient, direct band gap, and good long-term stability compared to the traditional CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) absorber layers. A facile hot-injection approach for synthesizing Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 nanocrystals with varied Se to (S+Se) ratio is developed to systematically investigate the role of Se in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 nanocrystals and the evolution of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 nanocrystals to Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 film during the sulfurization step to address the problems associated with its narrow compositional window and the loss of Sn during heat treatment. Additionally, the existing substrate-type device configuration for these solar cells uses a molybdenum (Mo) back contact, which suffers from serious disadvantages like the (i) presence of a Schottky barrier at the Mo/Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 interface and (ii) decomposition of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 at the Mo interface. Accordingly, a low-cost and Mo-free superstrate-type device configuration of Au/Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4/CdS/TiO2/ITO/glass is developed to evaluate the conversion efficiency and to avoid the occurrence of a Schottky barrier at the interface and potential decomposition pathways induced by the formation of Mo(S,Se)2. Furthermore, with the addition of ethyl cellulose, the loss of Sn associated with the conversion of CZTSe to CZTSSe during the grain growth process is mitigated, leading to an increase in the conversion efficiency compared to that of the precursor film without using ethyl cellulose. Such an improvement can provide insight into the grain growth of CZTSSe during the sulfurization process and thereby enhance the feasibility of sustainable, high efficiency CZTSSe solar devices. The excellent characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with short energy-payback time, simple assembly, and eco-friendly features make them a potential option to utilize solar energy. Accordingly, a facile, low-cost, template-free route for TiO2 hollow submicrospheres embedded with SnO2 nanobeans is developed for use as a versatile scattering layer in DSSCs. Our designed structure simultaneously promotes dye adsorption, light harvesting, and electron transport, leading to a 28 % improvement in the conversion efficiency as compared with the film-based SnO2. In addition, a naturally-derived carbonaceous material as a Pt-free counter electrode for DSSCs is also developed for the first time: carbonized sucrose-coated eggshell membrane (CSEM). It is found that the carbonized sucrose-coated eggshell membranes consist of unique micropores of less than 2 nm, which effectively catalyze the triiodide into iodide in the light-electricity conversion process, leading to an improvement in the V [subscript oc] and a competitive efficiency as compared to that of a DSSC with a traditional Pt-based counter electrode.
Book Synopsis Functional materials with Charge Transfer Properties and Their Application in Photoelectric Devices by : Meng Zheng
Download or read book Functional materials with Charge Transfer Properties and Their Application in Photoelectric Devices written by Meng Zheng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-29 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trends in Environmental Sustainability and Green Energy by : Jinkeun Kim
Download or read book Trends in Environmental Sustainability and Green Energy written by Jinkeun Kim and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-07 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of selected and peer-reviewed papers of 2022 5th International Conference on Green Energy and Environment Engineering (CGEEE 2022), held in Jeju Island, Korea during July 28-30, 2022. CGEEE 2022 provides a forum for researchers and practitioners in the field of green energy and environment engineering to share ideas, designs, and experiments results. Various topics are covered in this book, such as carbon capture and storage, solar energy, biomass, biofuel, geothermal, sustainable cities, energy savings for vehicular technology, solid waste management, waste minimization, water treatment and reclamation, environmental restoration, and ecological engineering. This book will be beneficial to researchers, educators, practitioners, and policymakers working in the related fields.
Book Synopsis Photovoltaics Beyond Silicon by : Senthilarasu Sundaram
Download or read book Photovoltaics Beyond Silicon written by Senthilarasu Sundaram and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaics Beyond Silicon: Innovative Materials, Sustainable Processing Technologies, and Novel Device Structures presents the latest innovations in materials, processing and devices to produce electricity via advanced, sustainable photovoltaics technologies. The book provides an overview of the novel materials and device architectures that have been developed to optimize energy conversion efficiencies and minimize environmental impacts. Advances in technologies for harnessing solar energy are extensively discussed, with topics including materials processing, device fabrication, sustainability of materials and manufacturing, and the current state-of-the-art. Contributions from leading international experts discuss the applications, challenges and future prospects of research in this increasingly vital field, providing a valuable resource for students and researchers working in this area. Presents a comprehensive overview and detailed discussion of solar energy technology options for sustainable energy conversion Provides an understanding of the environmental challenges to be overcome and discusses the importance of efficient materials utilization for clean energy Looks at how to design materials processing and optimize device fabrication, including metrics such as power-to-weight ratio, effectiveness at EOL compared to BOL, life-cycle analysis
Book Synopsis Innovative Design, Analysis and Development Practices in Aerospace and Automotive Engineering (I-DAD 2018) by : U. Chandrasekhar
Download or read book Innovative Design, Analysis and Development Practices in Aerospace and Automotive Engineering (I-DAD 2018) written by U. Chandrasekhar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the best articles presented by researchers and industrial experts at the International Conference on “Innovative Design and Development Practices in Aerospace and Automotive Engineering (I-DAD 2018)”. The papers discuss new design concepts, analysis and manufacturing technologies, with an emphasis on achieving improved performance by downsizing; improving the weight-to-strength ratio, fuel efficiency, and operational capability at room and elevated temperatures; reducing wear and tear; and addressing NVH aspects, while balancing the challenges of Euro IV/Barat Stage IV emission norms and beyond, greenhouse effects, and recyclable materials. The innovative methods discussed here offer valuable reference material for educational and research organizations, as well as industry, encouraging them to pursue challenging projects of mutual interest.
