Extrusion Processing For Manufacture Of Low Density Fine Celled Polypropylene Foams

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Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density, Fine-celled Polypropylene Foams

Author : Hani E. Naguib
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density, Fine-celled Polypropylene Foams by : Hani E. Naguib

Download or read book Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density, Fine-celled Polypropylene Foams written by Hani E. Naguib and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A continuous extrusion process for the manufacture of low-density, fine-celled polypropylene foams is presented. Due to its outstanding functional characteristics and low material cost, polypropylene foams have been considered as a substitute for other thermoplastic foams in industrial applications. However, only limited research has been conducted on the production of polypropylene foams because of the weak melt strength, and no research has been conducted to investigate the mechanisms that govern the expandability of polypropylene foams. This thesis presents the effective strategies for increasing the volume expansion ratio as well as the mechanisms governing the foam density of polypropylene foams. The basic strategies taken in this study for the promotion of a large volume expansion ratio of polypropylene foams are: (a) to use a branched material for preventing cell coalescence; (b) to use a long-chain blowing agent with low diffusivity; (c) to lower the melt temperature for decreasing gas loss during expansion; and (d) to optimize the processing conditions in the die for avoiding premature crystallization. The effects of processing and materials parameters on the foam morphologies of polypropylene materials were thoroughly studied using a single-screw tandem foam extrusion system. A careful analysis of extended experimental results obtained at various processing conditions indicates that the final volume expansion ratio of the extruded polypropylene foams blown with butane is governed either by loss of blowing agent or by crystallization of the polymer matrix. By tailoring the processing conditions in the die, ultra low-density, fine-celled polypropylene foams with very high expansion ratio up to 90-fold were successfully produced from the branched polypropylene resins. Fundamental studies have also been conducted to investigate the effect of various processing and materials parameters on the thermodynamic, thermal and melt fracture behaviors of polypropylene melts with foaming additives that influence the cell morphology of polypropylene foams.

Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density, Fine-celled Polypropylene Foams

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (654 download)

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Book Synopsis Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density, Fine-celled Polypropylene Foams by :

Download or read book Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density, Fine-celled Polypropylene Foams written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density, Fine-celled Polypropylene Foams [microform]

Author : Hani E. (Hani Effat) Naguib
Publisher : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN 13 : 9780612637139
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (371 download)

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Book Synopsis Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density, Fine-celled Polypropylene Foams [microform] by : Hani E. (Hani Effat) Naguib

Download or read book Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density, Fine-celled Polypropylene Foams [microform] written by Hani E. (Hani Effat) Naguib and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2001 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Polyolefin Foams

Author : Nigel Mills
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859574348
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (743 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyolefin Foams by : Nigel Mills

Download or read book Polyolefin Foams written by Nigel Mills and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyolefin Foams are a relatively recent development compared to the other types of foam. Topics covered in this review include: processing and the properties required for successful foam production, the molecular structures necessary, the mechanical and thermal properties and how these can be used to best advantage, markets and applications. The review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from the Polymer Library database.

Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density Microcellular Polycarbonate Foams Uing CO↓2 [microform]

Author : John W. S. (John Won S.) Lee
Publisher : Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
ISBN 13 : 9780612954939
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (549 download)

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Book Synopsis Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density Microcellular Polycarbonate Foams Uing CO↓2 [microform] by : John W. S. (John Won S.) Lee

Download or read book Extrusion Processing for Manufacture of Low-density Microcellular Polycarbonate Foams Uing CO↓2 [microform] written by John W. S. (John Won S.) Lee and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the effective strategies for increasing the volume expansion ratio and the cell density of polycarbonate foams. The basic strategies are: (a) to use sufficiently high pressure all through the extrusion system; (b) to use branched material; (c) to use high pressure drop rate at the die exit; (d) to use sufficiently high contents of CO 2; (e) to optimize the processing temperature. The effects of processing and material parameters on foam morphologies were thoroughly studied using a single-screw tandem foam extrusion system. By tailoring the processing and material parameters, polycarbonate foams with an expansion ratio of up to 19 times with a cell density over 1010 cells/cm3 were successfully produced. A continuous extrusion process for the manufacture of low-density microcellular polycarbonate (PC) foams using CO2 is presented. Due to its outstanding mechanical properties and high thermal resistance, polycarbonate foams have been considered as a candidate that will broaden the applications of foams in new industrial areas with high temperature environments.

Blowing Agents and Foaming Processes 2001

Author :
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859572528
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Blowing Agents and Foaming Processes 2001 by :

Download or read book Blowing Agents and Foaming Processes 2001 written by and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2001-12-31 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Foam Extrusion

Author : S.-T. Lee
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439898596
Total Pages : 636 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Foam Extrusion by : S.-T. Lee

Download or read book Foam Extrusion written by S.-T. Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining the science of foam with the engineering of extrusion processes, Foam Extrusion: Principles and Practice delivers a detailed discussion of the theory, design, processing, and application of degradable foam extraction. In one comprehensive volume, the editors present the collective expertise of leading academic, research, and industry specialists while laying the scientific foundation in such a manner that the microscopic transition from a nucleus to a void (nucleation) and macroscopic movement from a void to an object (formation) are plausibly addressed. To keep pace with significant improvements in foam extrusion technology, this Second Edition: Includes new chapters on the latest developments in processing/thermal management, rheology/melt strength, and biodegradable and sustainable foams Features extensive updates to chapters on extrusion equipment, blowing agents, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foam, and microcellular innovation Contains new coverage of cutting-edge foaming mechanisms and technology, as well as new case studies, examples, and figures Capturing the interesting evolution of the field, Foam Extrusion: Principles and Practice, Second Edition provides scientists, engineers, and product development professionals with a modern, holistic view of foam extrusion to enhance research and development and aid in the selection of the optimal screw, die design, and foaming system.

Foam Extrusion

Author : S.-T. Lee
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 143989860X
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Foam Extrusion by : S.-T. Lee

Download or read book Foam Extrusion written by S.-T. Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining the science of foam with the engineering of extrusion processes, Foam Extrusion: Principles and Practice delivers a detailed discussion of the theory, design, processing, and application of degradable foam extraction. In one comprehensive volume, the editors present the collective expertise of leading academic, research, and industry spec

Thermoplastic Foam Processing

Author : Richard Gendron
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203502167
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermoplastic Foam Processing by : Richard Gendron

Download or read book Thermoplastic Foam Processing written by Richard Gendron and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-10-28 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As researchers seek replacements for banned, ozone-depleting foaming agents, the authors of Thermoplastic Foam Processing: Principles and Development strive to develop a better understanding of foaming processes and find solutions for day-to-day practice. This book presents the latest research in foam extrusion and physical foaming agents with a st

Polymer Foams Handbook

Author : Nigel Mills
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 9780080475448
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (754 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Foams Handbook by : Nigel Mills

Download or read book Polymer Foams Handbook written by Nigel Mills and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2007-03-23 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook explores the applications of polymer foams, and the properties that make them suitable for so many applications, in the detail required by postgraduate students, researchers and the many industrial engineers and designers who work with polymer foam in industry. It covers the mechanical properties of foams and foam microstructure, processing of foams, mechanical testing and analysis (using Finite element analysis). In addition, it uniquely offers a broader perspective on the actual engineering of foams and foam based (or foam including) products by including nine detailed case studies which firmly plant the theory of the book in a real world context, making it ideal for both polymer engineers and chemists and mechanical engineers and product designers. * Complete coverage of the mechanical and design aspects of polymer foams from an acknowledged international expert: no other book is available with this breadth making this a plastics engineer's first choice for a single volume Handbook * Polymer foams are ubiquitous in modern life, used everywhere from running shoes to furniture, and this book includes nine extensive case studies covering each key class of application, including biomechanics * Offers a rigorous mechanical and microstructure perspective, plus a computer based chapter: Essential for engineers and designers alike.

Handbook Of Green Materials: Processing Technologies, Properties And Applications (In 4 Volumes)

Author : Kristiina Oksman
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814566470
Total Pages : 1124 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook Of Green Materials: Processing Technologies, Properties And Applications (In 4 Volumes) by : Kristiina Oksman

Download or read book Handbook Of Green Materials: Processing Technologies, Properties And Applications (In 4 Volumes) written by Kristiina Oksman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green materials and green nanotechnology have gained widespread interest over the last 15 years; first in academia, then in related industries in the last few years.The Handbook of Green Materials serves as reference literature for undergraduates and graduates studying materials science and engineering, composite materials, chemical engineering, bioengineering and materials physics; and for researchers, professional engineers and consultants from polymer or forest industries who encounter biobased nanomaterials, bionanocomposites, self- and direct-assembled nanostructures and green composite materials in their lines of work.This four-volume set contains material ranging from basic, background information on the fields discussed, to reports on the latest research and industrial activities, and finally the works by contributing authors who are prominent experts of the subjects they address in this set.The four volumes comprise of:The first volume explains the structure of cellulose; different sources of raw material; the isolation/separation processes of nanomaterials from different material sources; and properties and characteristics of cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals (starch nanomaterials). Information on the different characterization methods and the most important properties of biobased nanomaterials are also covered. The industrial point of view regarding both the processability and access of these nanomaterials, as well as large scale manufacturing and their industrial application is discussed — particularly in relation to the case of the paper industry.The second volume expounds on different bionanocomposites based on cellulose nanofibers or nanocrystals and their preparation/manufacturing processes. It also provides information on different characterization methods and the most important properties of bionanocomposites, as well as techniques of modeling the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. This volume presents the industrial point of view regarding large scale manufacturing and their applications from the perspective of their medical uses in printed electronics and in adhesives.The third volume deals with the ability of bionanomaterials to self-assemble in either liquids or forming organized solid materials. The chemistry of cellulose nanomaterials and chemical modifications as well as different assembling techniques and used characterization methods, and the most important properties which can be achieved by self-assembly, are described. The chapters, for example, discuss subjects such as ultra-light biobased aerogels based on cellulose and chitin, thin films suitable as barrier layers, self-sensing nanomaterials, and membranes for water purification.The fourth volume reviews green composite materials — including green raw materials — such as biobased carbon fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers and thermoplastic and thermoset polymers (e.g. PLA, bio-based polyolefines, polysaccharide polymers, natural rubber, bio-based polyurethane, lignin polymer, and furfurylalchohol). The most important composite processing technologies are described, including: prepregs of green composites, compounding, liquid composite molding, foaming, and compression molding. Industrial applications, especially for green transportation and the electronics industry, are also described.This four-volume set is a must-have for anyone keen to acquire knowledge on novel bionanomaterials — including structure-property correlations, isolation and purification processes of nanofibers and nanocrystals, their important characteristics, processing technologies, industrial up-scaling and suitable industry applications. The handbook is a useful reference not only for teaching activities but also for researchers who are working in this field.

Polymeric Foams

Author : Shau-Tarng Lee
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 142000462X
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymeric Foams by : Shau-Tarng Lee

Download or read book Polymeric Foams written by Shau-Tarng Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-08-21 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are among the major hallmarks of 20th-century science, and the explosive outgrowth and tremendous importance of polymeric foams is a testament to their amazing versatility and unique properties. With applications from automotive to acoustic and medical, polymeric foams pervade all areas of our lives. If this growth is to continue into the

Extrusion Processing of Low-bulk Density, Microcellular, Open-cell Thermoplastic Foams

Author : Chang-Dong Patrick Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494219553
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Extrusion Processing of Low-bulk Density, Microcellular, Open-cell Thermoplastic Foams by : Chang-Dong Patrick Lee

Download or read book Extrusion Processing of Low-bulk Density, Microcellular, Open-cell Thermoplastic Foams written by Chang-Dong Patrick Lee and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to promote a deeper understanding of the cell opening behavior during foaming, a failure analysis of a cell wall was performed according to the Considere and Failure criteria using the uniaxial experimental data of a polymer melt. A theoretical approach to prediction of the cell wall rupture moment was proposed using two adjacent cubic-shaped cells. This concept was further extended to arrive at an estimation of the minimum threshold diameter of a foam extrudate to produce an open-cell foam structure. A continuous extrusion process for the manufacture of low-density, microcellular, open-cell thermoplastic foams is presented using a single-screw tandem extrusion foaming system. Fundamental studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of various processing parameters and materials compositions on the basic properties (i.e., extensional behavior, solubility, diffusivity, and initial foam extrudate shape) of plastic melts and melt/gas solutions that influence the cell morphologies of thermoplastic foams. The observed phenomena were essential in understanding and devising the processing strategies to achieve a desired foam structure. Based on the fundamental studies, this thesis presents the basic strategies for promoting a low-density, microcellular, open-cell thermoplastic foam. The effects of polymer blending, additives, processing temperature, blowing agent content, die geometry, and surface quenching on the final foam morphologies were thoroughly investigated to verify the proposed strategies. By tailoring the material compositions and processing conditions, low-density (>10 fold), microcellular (109 cells/cm 3), open-cell (>95%) thermoplastic foams were successfully achieved. Furthermore, a procedure for estimating gas loss from a foam structure was proposed in order to understand the effect of gas loss during open-cell content measurement using a gas pycnometer, and the corresponding open-cell content errors were calculated.

Foamability of Thermoplastic Polymeric Materials

Author : Suprakas Sinha Ray
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323907687
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Foamability of Thermoplastic Polymeric Materials by : Suprakas Sinha Ray

Download or read book Foamability of Thermoplastic Polymeric Materials written by Suprakas Sinha Ray and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foamability of Thermoplastic Polymeric Materials presents a cutting-edge approach to thermoplastic polymeric foams, drawing on the latest research and guiding the reader through the fundamental science, foamability, structure-property-processing relationship, multi-phase polymeric materials, degradation characteristics of biodegradable foams and advanced applications. Sections provide detailed information on foam manufacturing technologies and the fundamental science behind foaming, present insights on the factors affecting foamability, cover ways of enhancing the foamability of various polymeric materials, with special focus on multi-phase systems, discuss the degradation of biodegradable foams and special morphology development for scaffolds, packaging, acoustic and super-insulation applications, as well as cell seeding studies in scaffolds. Each application has specific requirements in terms of desired properties. This in-depth coverage and analysis helps those looking to move forward with microcellular processing and polymer foaming. This is an ideal resource for researchers, advanced students and professionals interested in the microcellular processing of polymeric materials in the areas of polymer foaming, polymer processing, plastics engineering and materials science. Offers in-depth coverage of factors affecting foamability and methods for enhancing the foamability of polymeric materials Explores innovative applications in a range of areas, including scaffolds, acoustic applications, packaging and super-insulation Provides a comprehensive, critical overview of the state-of-the-art, possible future research directions, and opportunities for industrial application

Handbook of Industrial Polyethylene and Technology

Author : Mark A. Spalding
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119159776
Total Pages : 1671 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Industrial Polyethylene and Technology by : Mark A. Spalding

Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Polyethylene and Technology written by Mark A. Spalding and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 1671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides an exhaustive description of polyethylene. The 50+ chapters are written by some of the most experienced and prominent authors in the field, providing a truly unique view of polyethylene. The book starts with a historical discussion on how low density polyethylene was discovered and how it provided unique opportunities in the early days. New catalysts are presented and show how they created an expansion in available products including linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, copolymers, and polyethylene produced from metallocene catalysts. With these different catalysts systems a wide range of structures are possible with an equally wide range of physical properties. Numerous types of additives are presented that include additives for the protection of the resin from the environment and processing, fillers, processing aids, anti-fogging agents, pigments, and flame retardants. Common processing methods including extrusion, blown film, cast film, injection molding, and thermoforming are presented along with some of the more specialized processing techniques such as rotational molding, fiber processing, pipe extrusion, reactive extrusion, wire and cable, and foaming processes. The business of polyethylene including markets, world capacity, and future prospects are detailed. This handbook provides the most current and complete technology assessments and business practices for polyethylene resins.

Cellular Polymers

Author :
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780902348745
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (487 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular Polymers by :

Download or read book Cellular Polymers written by and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 1993 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thermoplastic Foam Extrusion

Author : James L. Throne
Publisher : Hanser Gardner Publications
ISBN 13 : 9781569903605
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermoplastic Foam Extrusion by : James L. Throne

Download or read book Thermoplastic Foam Extrusion written by James L. Throne and published by Hanser Gardner Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique introduction covers both low- and high-density thermoplastic foams in an easy-to-follow style that avoids excursions into the theoretical aspects of foam processing.