Extrasynaptic Gabaa Receptors

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Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors

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Author : Adam C. Errington
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 149391426X
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

Book Synopsis Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by : Adam C. Errington

Download or read book Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors written by Adam C. Errington and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-22 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition, termed “tonic” inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABAA receptors underlie classical “phasic” GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This book highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.

Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies

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Author : Jeffrey Noebels
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0199746540
Total Pages : 1258 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

Book Synopsis Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies by : Jeffrey Noebels

Download or read book Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies written by Jeffrey Noebels and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 1258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.

The Role of Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors in Regulation of Inhibitory Synapses

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Author : Ce Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (798 download)

Book Synopsis The Role of Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors in Regulation of Inhibitory Synapses by : Ce Zhang

Download or read book The Role of Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors in Regulation of Inhibitory Synapses written by Ce Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The GABA Receptors

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Author : Salvatore J. Enna
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781588298133
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (981 download)

Book Synopsis The GABA Receptors by : Salvatore J. Enna

Download or read book The GABA Receptors written by Salvatore J. Enna and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2007-07-19 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gaba Receptors, Third Edition, presents a critical appraisal of our current understanding of the molecular, behavioral, biochemical, clinical, and pharmacological properties of GABA receptors. Emphasis is placed on exploring cutting-edge findings on the structureal properties of receptor sites, mechanisms of receptor expression, chemical agents that differentiate receptor subtypes, and phenotypes displayed by GABA receptor null mice. Chapters in this updated and expanded edition examine such topics as GABA receptor subypes, trafficking postsynaptic GABA receptors, GABA receptor mutations associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsies and febrile seizures, and GABA receptors as a potential therapeutic target.

GABA And Glutamate

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Author : Janko Samardzic
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535138219
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

Book Synopsis GABA And Glutamate by : Janko Samardzic

Download or read book GABA And Glutamate written by Janko Samardzic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collates the contributions of a selected number of neuroscientists that are interested in the molecular, preclinical, and clinical aspects of neurotransmission research. The seven chapters in this book address the latest research/review data related to GABA/glutamate system's organization and function, the structure of receptors, subtypes and their ligands, as well as the translational approach and clinical implications. The book offers readers a rich collection of data regarding current and future applications of GABA and glutamate neurotransmission, including promising research strategies and potential clinical benefits.

Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters

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Author : Jan Egebjerg
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780748408818
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (88 download)

Book Synopsis Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters by : Jan Egebjerg

Download or read book Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters written by Jan Egebjerg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-04 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ubiquitous presence of glutamate and GABA receptors in the nervous system makes these receptor systems pivotal to our understanding of neurotransmission. Cloning of the molecular components of these receptor systems has provided insights to the selectivity of many drugs and detailed characterisation at the molecular level is emerging. Moreover, continuous development of novel and selective drugs has revealed detailed information on the mechanism of receptor activation and regulation. However, the rapid development of different aspects of glutamate and GABA receptor research makes it increasingly difficult to establish a general view of the field. Studies of the receptors are a multi-disciplinary task employing many specialised techniques. This book conveys recent discoveries in a framework of the basic concepts in the field of glutamate and GABA receptor research. Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters: Structure, Function and Pharmacology is suitable for postgraduate students studying ligand gated channels but also beneficial for industrial and academic research scientists in both the glutamate and GABA field. Universities offering programs in neuroscience, molecular pharmacology or medicinal chemistry will find this a valuable reference.

Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Gabaa Receptors in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

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Author : Sean Booth Christie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

Book Synopsis Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Gabaa Receptors in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons by : Sean Booth Christie

Download or read book Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Gabaa Receptors in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons written by Sean Booth Christie and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast ionotropic inhibitory neurotransmission, mediated by presynaptic GABAergic terminals and correctly positioned postsynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs), occurs in about 30â€“40% of all synapses in the CNS. However, little is known about the specific control mechanisms responsible for patterned expression, assembly, trafficking, and targeting of GABAA receptors to GABAergic synapses or extrasynaptic domains within a single neuron. In this study, a cultured hippocampal neuron (CHN) model was used to examine the distribution and patterning of 13 different GABAAR subunit isoforms from 4 distinct subunit classes normally expressed in the brain. The group of experiments in this thesis shows that CHNs, as in the intact hippocampus, express and postsynaptically concentrate (cluster) GABA AR subtypes containing the Î±1â€“3, Î± 5, Î21â€“3, Î32S, Î32L and Î3 3 subunit isoforms. This postsynaptic clustering of GABAARs in CHNs primarily occurs apposed to inhibitory presynaptic contact and contains receptors with the Î32 or Î33 subunit. However, when presynaptic GABAergic terminals are absent from the local dendritic environment, significant GABAAR clustering occurs apposed to excitatory synaptic contact forming â€mismatchedâ€™ synapses. GABAAR clustering is particularly pronounced within the synapses onto the axon initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal cells in the brain, a phenomenon that also occurs in the AIS of CHNs independently of GABAergic or glutamatergic terminal phenotype. However, the coexistence of two different terminal phenotypes does not seem possible within this subcellular structure, due to the hierarchy of organizational signals created by correctly matched GABAergic synapses vs. mismatched synapses. Thus, we show that competition between GABAergic and glutamatergic terminals ultimately determines the postsynaptic localization of the GABAAR subtypes with a capacity for clustering. Lastly, this work addressed a molecular mechanism of GABAAR clustering. CHNs, as in the brain, are capable of expressing non-clustered GABAAR subtypes containing the Î ́ subunit. We have examined expression of chimeric subunits in which the large intracellular loops (IL) of Î32S and Î ́ subunits were exchanged. We show that while the Î32 IL is both necessary and central to the clustering process, it is not sufficient for clustering when incorporated into the Î ́ subunit. Thus, there are additional requirements other than the Î32-IL for receptor clustering that are as yet unidentified.

Dynamic-Clamp

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Author : Alain Destexhe
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387892796
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)

Book Synopsis Dynamic-Clamp by : Alain Destexhe

Download or read book Dynamic-Clamp written by Alain Destexhe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-11 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic-clamp is a fascinating electrophysiology technique that consists of merging living neurons with computational models. The dynamic-clamp (also called “conductance injection”) allows experimentalists and theoreticians to challenge neurons (or any other type of cell) with complex conductance stimuli generated by a computer. The technique can be implemented from neural simulation environments and a variety of custom-made or commercial systems. The real-time interaction between the computer and cell also enables the design of recording paradigms with unprecedented accuracy via a computational model of the electrode. Dynamic-Clamp: From Principles to Applications contains contributions from leading researchers in the field, who investigate these paradigms at the cellular or network level, in vivo and in vitro, and in different brain regions and cardiac cells. Topics discussed include the addition of artificially-generated synaptic activity to neurons; adding, amplifying or neutralizing voltage-dependent conductances; creating hybrid networks with real and artificial cells; attaching simulated dendritic tree structures to the living cell; and connecting different neurons. This book will be of interest to experimental biophysicists, neurophysiologists, and cardiac physiologists, as well as theoreticians, engineers, and computational neuroscientists. Graduate and undergraduate students will also find up-to-date coverage of physiological problems and how they are investigated.

Pharmacology of Ionic Channel Function: Activators and Inhibitors

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Author : M. Endo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642570836
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

Book Synopsis Pharmacology of Ionic Channel Function: Activators and Inhibitors by : M. Endo

Download or read book Pharmacology of Ionic Channel Function: Activators and Inhibitors written by M. Endo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cells maintain uneven distribution of Na, K and Ca ions across the cell membrane and membranes of intracellular organellae. Cells exert their functions by allowing for some ion to cross the membrane through ion channels which either produces an electrical effect across the membrane or switches on a series of chemical or physicochemical reactions. This is a comprehensive book about these vitally important ion channels with detailed description of the molecular structure and function and especially of activators and inhibitors. All chapters are written by renowned specialists in their field.

Recent Advances in Epilepsy Research

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Author : Devin K. Binder
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 147576376X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Epilepsy Research by : Devin K. Binder

Download or read book Recent Advances in Epilepsy Research written by Devin K. Binder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epilepsy research has entered an exciting phase as advances in molecular analysis have supplemented in vitro and in vivo electrophysiologic and phenotypic characterization. Recent Advances in Epilepsy Research sets forth a series of chapter reviews by researchers involved in these advances. This volume is a composite profile of some exciting recent investigations in select areas of enquiry. Key features: neurogenetics of seizure disorders, new developments in cellular and molecular neurobiology of seizure disorders, the role of growth factors in seizures, new advances in the roles of metabotropic glutamate receptors and GABA receptors and transporters, gap junctions, neuroimmunology of epilepsy, malformations of cortical development, neurogenesis, new animal models of epilepsy and the use of brain stimulation to treat epilepsy. This book should be of interest to a wide variety of audiences, including graduate students in neurobiology and related disciplines, neuroscientists, medical students, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and industry including pharmaceutical companies and medical device companies. There are many ideas in this book that will lead ingenious innovators in academia and industry to develop new and better therapies.

GABA-B Receptors Regulate Extrasynaptic GABA-[subscript A] Receptors

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Author : Wucheng Tao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)

Book Synopsis GABA-B Receptors Regulate Extrasynaptic GABA-[subscript A] Receptors by : Wucheng Tao

Download or read book GABA-B Receptors Regulate Extrasynaptic GABA-[subscript A] Receptors written by Wucheng Tao and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classically, GABAB receptors regulate neurotransmission primarily through presynaptic mechanisms that inhibit neurotransmitter release, and thus inhibit GABAA receptor function. Many studies have shown that postsynaptic GABAB receptors have no direct functional effects on GABAA receptors. In this thesis, I describe novel results that indicate postsynaptic GABAB receptors activation enhances GABAA receptor function in dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs). During my early experiments on DGGCs, I made the surprising observation that inhibition of GABAB receptors reduced the amplitude of currents mediated by GABAA receptors. Intrigued by this exciting and unexpected result, I shifted my research to address the following three questions: 1) Do GABAB receptors regulate GABAA receptor function? 2) What are the molecular mechanisms responsible for enhancement of GABAA currents following GABAB receptor activation? and 3) What are the signaling pathways involved in this modulation? Based on these questions, I divide my thesis contents into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents an introductory review of GABAA receptors and GABAB receptors and a summary of my thesis. The main parts of this thesis with descriptions of results addressing the three questions above are presented in chapter 2 - 4: In chapter 2, I found that in dentate gyrus granule cells, postsynaptic GABAB receptor activation enhanced extrasynaptic GABAA receptor function with no effect on synaptic GABAA receptors. Specially, this modulation was cell type specific and only occurs in cell type with delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Also, this modulation did not occur at resting condition and required increase of ambient GABA concentration; in chapter 3, I found GABAB receptor activation increased surface expression of delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors with no change in its total protein expression or single channel conductance or channel kinetics of GABAA receptors; in chapter 4, I found that GABAB receptor modulation of GABAA receptors required two signaling pathways, one was mediated by PKA and other one was PKC; and these two signaling pathways worked in opposite directions to modulate surface expression of delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors and GABA currents. As DGGCs act as a gate for hippocampus to prevent excessive excitation inputs from entorhinal cortex, the mechanisms (enhancement of tonic inhibition by membrane trafficking of delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors) I found here maybe utilized by DGGCs to enhance their gating role.

The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide

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Author : Yogesh Dwivedi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 143983881X
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

Book Synopsis The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide by : Yogesh Dwivedi

Download or read book The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide written by Yogesh Dwivedi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With recent studies using genetic, epigenetic, and other molecular and neurochemical approaches, a new era has begun in understanding pathophysiology of suicide. Emerging evidence suggests that neurobiological factors are not only critical in providing potential risk factors but also provide a promising approach to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide discusses the most recent findings in suicide neurobiology. Psychological, psychosocial, and cultural factors are important in determining the risk factors for suicide; however, they offer weak prediction and can be of little clinical use. Interestingly, cognitive characteristics are different among depressed suicidal and depressed nonsuicidal subjects, and could be involved in the development of suicidal behavior. The characterization of the neurobiological basis of suicide is in delineating the risk factors associated with suicide. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide focuses on how and why these neurobiological factors are crucial in the pathogenic mechanisms of suicidal behavior and how these findings can be transformed into potential therapeutic applications.

Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System

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Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309212219
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

Book Synopsis Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-05 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System: Workshop Summary investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.

Inhibitory Regulation of Excitatory Neurotransmission

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Author : Mark G. Darlison
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642091629
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (916 download)

Book Synopsis Inhibitory Regulation of Excitatory Neurotransmission by : Mark G. Darlison

Download or read book Inhibitory Regulation of Excitatory Neurotransmission written by Mark G. Darlison and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Darlison’s excellent work reviews aspects of GABA-A receptor function, as well as the properties of a variety of other important inhibitory proteins, such as GABA-C receptors and G-protein coupled receptors including neuropeptides. Glycine receptors and potassium channels are covered too. The consequences of mutations that disrupt the regulation of excitatory neurotransmission, and efforts to target the GABAergic system for therapeutic benefit, are also discussed.

Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction

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Author : Wolfgang Sommer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642287204
Total Pages : 721 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

Book Synopsis Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction by : Wolfgang Sommer

Download or read book Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction written by Wolfgang Sommer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-28 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question how alcohol alters mood states and why this may end up becoming an addiction is puzzling alcohol researchers since decades. In this volume, an assembly of highly distinguished experts and leaders in alcohol addiction research provides lucid presentations of the current knowledge and research challenges as well as interesting viewpoints on future research directions aimed to stimulate communication and convergence between clinical and preclinical researchers, and to renew interest in the vibrant field of alcohol addiction research among a wide scientifically minded audience. Five Current Topics are discussed in this volume: Neurobiological mechanisms of alcoholism, Genetics, Clinical phenotypes and their preclinical models, Brain imaging, and Translational approaches for treatment development, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological. These areas have in our opinion brought alcohol research substantially forward and influenced our thinking about how to reach our common paramount goal, namely to offer effective treatment solutions for an extensive group of patients with largely unmet medical needs.

Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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Author : Donna L. Gruol
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319245511
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

Book Synopsis Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders by : Donna L. Gruol

Download or read book Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders written by Donna L. Gruol and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-22 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentials of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders is the first book of its kind written specifically for graduate students and clinicians. It is based on the 4-volume treatise, Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders (Springer, 2013), the definitive reference for scientists and neurologists in the field of cerebellar neurobiology. There have been fundamental advances in the basic science and clinical neurology of the cerebellum and its role in sensorimotor function and cognition. This monograph makes this large and expanding body of knowledge readily accessible to trainees and clinicians alike. The editors are world leaders in the field, and the chapters are authored by an international panel of experts drawn from ataxia clinics and cerebellar laboratories throughout North America, Europe and Asia. Essentials provides a solid grounding in the field of cerebellar research and ataxiology from cerebellar circuity to clinical practice, and it serves as a springboard to a deeper appreciation of both the principles and the complexities of cerebellar neurobiology. Clinicians are expected to have a deep appreciation of cerebellar disorders, not only in specialized ataxia clinics but also in adult and pediatric neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and neuropsychology practices, and in outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation settings. This book is an indispensable resource for students and practitioners navigating the evolving field of cerebellar motor and cognitive neurology. It also links to the more expansive Handbook for those who need to explore the topics in this monograph in greater depth.

Synaptic and Extrasynaptic GABA Receptors in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

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Author : Sean Booth Christie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (565 download)

Book Synopsis Synaptic and Extrasynaptic GABA Receptors in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons by : Sean Booth Christie

Download or read book Synaptic and Extrasynaptic GABA Receptors in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons written by Sean Booth Christie and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: