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Extracellular Rnas Exrnas And Their Function In Host Induced Gene Silencing Higs
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Book Synopsis Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) and Their Function in Host Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) by : Hana Zand Karimi
Download or read book Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) and Their Function in Host Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) written by Hana Zand Karimi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) is an RNA interference-based strategy used by plants to induce gene silencing in closely associated organisms. HIGS is currently being used by molecular biologists to engineer resistance in crop plants to diverse pathogens and pests, including fungi, nematodes, and insects. However, the mechanism by which silencing RNAs are translocated from host plants to other organisms is poorly understood. Since the apoplast (extracellular space) is the first battlefield between plants and pathogens, I hypothesize that extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) may play a key role in HIGS. To study the possible function of exRNAs, first I aimed to investigate the RNA content of apoplastic fluid and characterize exRNAs and their features. I have thus purified and characterized exRNAs found in the apoplast of Arabidopsis leaves. This work revealed that apoplastic fluid not only contains small RNAs, but also long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) ranging from hundreds to thousands of bases in length. Significantly, a large fraction of these exRNAs are circular RNAs (circRNAs). Since apoplastic fluid contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), I investigated whether exRNAs are encapsulated inside EVs. I showed that exRNAs are mostly located outside EVs and are protected by RNA binding proteins (RBPs). I investigated two specific RBPs, AGO2 and GRP7, that had been shown by others in the Innes laboratory to be present in the apoplast. AGO2 and GRP7 were both found to bind to lncRNAs, and to co-immunoprecipitate, suggesting that they form an RNA-protein complex. Mutation of either GRP7 or AGO2 caused large changes in apoplastic RNA content, indicating that these proteins contribute to the secretion or stability of exRNAs. GRP7 contains a putative N6-methyladenosine (m6A) binding domain, which is post-transcriptional modification found on many RNAs, including circRNAs. I thus investigated the presence of m6A on exRNAs and found that exRNAs are highly enriched in m6A modification. These data indicate that m6A modification might play a role in loading selected RNA into the apolast. Collectively, my work has uncovered a previously unknown aspect of plant biology, namely that plants secrete long non-coding RNAs. Future work will need to address the function of this exRNA, especially in the context of plant-microbe interactions.
Book Synopsis RNA-Based Regulation in Human Health and Disease by :
Download or read book RNA-Based Regulation in Human Health and Disease written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA-based Regulation in Human Health and Disease offers an in-depth exploration of RNA mediated genome regulation at different hierarchies. Beginning with multitude of canonical and non-canonical RNA populations, especially noncoding RNA in human physiology and evolution, further sections examine the various classes of RNAs (from small to large noncoding and extracellular RNAs), functional categories of RNA regulation (RNA-binding proteins, alternative splicing, RNA editing, antisense transcripts and RNA G-quadruplexes), dynamic aspects of RNA regulation modulating physiological homeostasis (aging), role of RNA beyond humans, tools and technologies for RNA research (wet lab and computational) and future prospects for RNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics. One of the core strengths of the book includes spectrum of disease-specific chapters from experts in the field highlighting RNA-based regulation in metabolic & neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, inflammatory disease, viral and bacterial infections. We hope the book helps researchers, students and clinicians appreciate the role of RNA-based regulation in genome regulation, aiding the development of useful biomarkers for prognosis, diagnosis, and novel RNA-based therapeutics. Comprehensive information of non-canonical RNA-based genome regulation modulating human health and disease Defines RNA classes with special emphasis on unexplored world of noncoding RNA at different hierarchies Disease specific role of RNA - causal, prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic Features contributions from leading experts in the field
Book Synopsis Fungal Extracellular Vesicles by : Marcio Rodrigues
Download or read book Fungal Extracellular Vesicles written by Marcio Rodrigues and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth overview on the manifold functions of fungal extracellular vesicles (EV) which span from cell-to-cell communication, pathogenicity and stimulation of host’s immunity to export of hundreds of biomolecules. The book summarizes the present knowledge on the impact of extracellular vesicles on fungal biology. Extracellular vesicles participate in fundamental biological processes in all living cells but only during the last 15 years the production and functions of EVs were identified and studied in fungal species too. Up to date more than 50 independent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles are produced by at least 20 fungal species. The book addresses researchers and advanced students in Microbiology, Mycology and Biotechnology.
Download or read book RNA Activation written by Long-Cheng Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an essential guide to RNA activation (RNAa), an emerging and fascinating new field. RNAa is a small RNA-guided and Argonaute-dependent gene regulation phenomenon in which promoter-targeted short double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) induce target gene expression at the transcriptional level. It occurs primarily in the nucleus and can be mediated by artificially designed short duplex RNAs that target regulatory sequences (e.g., promoters, genes’ 3’ termini and enhancers) and naturally occurring small RNAs (e.g., miRNAs and C. elegans 22G-RNAs). With contributions from internationally respected RNA experts, this book provides comprehensive coverage of different RNAa mechanisms and a timely update on recent advances in RNAa research, with a focus on developing RNAa-based therapeutics. Special chapters are also devoted to the topics of gene activation induced by antisense oligonucleotides and the CRISPR system. As the first book to cover RNAa, it will be of interest to a wide audience, from scientists in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to clinicians who wish to further explore the biology of RNAa and related phenomena, so as to harness their full potential for use in biotechnology and drug development.
Download or read book Extracellular RNA written by Tushar Patel and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a collection of methods and protocols detailing extracellular RNA and hopes to be a useful resource for those interested in this exciting and emerging field. Chapters are divided into four sections covering an overview of the field, approaches for the isolation of exRNA, protocols for detection and quantitation of exRNA, and approaches that can be useful for studies to evaluate potential therapeutic applications. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Extracellular RNA: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of 21st Century Neuroscience by : Srikanth Ramaswamy
Download or read book Fundamentals of 21st Century Neuroscience written by Srikanth Ramaswamy and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-24 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Salivary Bioscience by : Douglas A. Granger
Download or read book Salivary Bioscience written by Douglas A. Granger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comprehensive overview of the emerging field of interdisciplinary salivary bioscience. It serves as a foundational reference guide to the collection, analysis, and interpretation of salivary data, as well as its myriad applications in medicine, surveillance and public health. The ease and non-invasive nature of saliva collection makes it highly useful in diverse fields such as pediatrics, dentistry, neuroscience, psychology, animal welfare and precision medicine. This book introduces students and scientists alike to the vast potential of salivary bioscience in both research and practice.
Book Synopsis Microarray Bioinformatics by : Verónica Bolón-Canedo
Download or read book Microarray Bioinformatics written by Verónica Bolón-Canedo and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary collection of the main, up-to-date methods, tools, and techniques for microarray data analysis, covering the necessary steps for the acquisition of the data, its preprocessing, and its posterior analysis. Featuring perspectives from biology, computer science, and statistics, the volume explores machine learning methods such as clustering, feature selection, classification, data normalization, and missing value imputation, as well as the statistical analysis of the data and the most popular computer tools to analyze microarray data. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detailed implementation advice that will aid researchers in getting successful results. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Microarray Bioinformatics serves as an ideal guide for researchers and graduate students in bioinformatics, with basic knowledge in biology and computer science, and with a view to work with microarray datasets.
Book Synopsis Plant Circular RNAs by : Luis María Vaschetto
Download or read book Plant Circular RNAs written by Luis María Vaschetto and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents readers with up-to-date protocols, bioinformatics toolkits, and reference material for understanding circRNAs in plants. The chapters in this book summarize the concepts and techniques for prediction/identification, validation, and analysis of plant circRNAs and their regulatory targets. Some of the topics covered are procedures for circRNA identification and characterization; strategies for circRNA generation; next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and circRNAs’ research; and bioinformatics tools and pipelines for the analysis of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Circular RNAs: Methods and Protocols is an important reference for any researcher looking to explore and apply the latest developments made in this field.
Download or read book Circular RNAs written by Junjie Xiao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an essential overview of the rapidly advancing field of circular RNAs – newly discovered RNAs that are generated by back-splicing precursor mRNA and perform regulatory functions in many biological processes. Although many aspects of circular RNAs’ biology and mechanisms of gene regulation remain unclear, they have been found to be abundant, evolutionally conserved, and stable in cells; further, they have numerous potential functions. The book consists of eight parts:1) An overview of circular RNAs, 2) Bioinformatics for circular RNAs, 3) Biogenesis of circular RNAs, 4) Molecular mechanisms and gene regulation of circular RNAs, 5) Circular RNAs as potential disease biomarkers, 6) Circular RNAs and human diseases, 7) Circular RNAs in Plants and in Archaea, and 8) Future prospects. Given its focus, the book will be especially useful for researchers and students in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and medicine.
Book Synopsis Epigenetic Biomarkers and Diagnostics by : Jose Luis Garcia-Gimenez
Download or read book Epigenetic Biomarkers and Diagnostics written by Jose Luis Garcia-Gimenez and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic Biomarkers and Diagnostics comprises 31 chapters contributed by leading active researchers in basic and clinical epigenetics. The book begins with the basis of epigenetic mechanisms and descriptions of epigenetic biomarkers that can be used in clinical diagnostics and prognostics. It goes on to discuss classical methods and next generation sequencing-based technologies to discover and analyze epigenetic biomarkers. The book concludes with an account of DNA methylation, post-translational modifications and noncoding RNAs as the most promising biomarkers for cancer (i.e. breast, lung, colon, etc.), metabolic disorders (i.e. diabetes and obesity), autoimmune diseases, infertility, allergy, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. The book describes the challenging aspects of research in epigenetics, and current findings regarding new epigenetic elements and modifiers, providing guidance for researchers interested in the most advanced technologies and tested biomarkers to be used in the clinical diagnosis or prognosis of disease. - Focuses on recent progress in several areas of epigenetics, general concepts regarding epigenetics, and the future prospects of this discipline in clinical diagnostics and prognostics - Describes the importance of the quality of samples and clinical associated data, and also the ethical issues for epigenetic diagnostics - Discusses the advances in epigenomics technologies, including next-generation sequencing based tools and applications - Expounds on the utility of epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases, highlighting the study of these biomarkers in cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, infertility, and infectious diseases - Includes a special section that discusses the relevance of biobanks in the maintenance of high quality biosamples and clinical-associated data, and the relevance of the ethical aspects in epigenetic studies
Book Synopsis Biomarkers of Human Aging by : Alexey Moskalev
Download or read book Biomarkers of Human Aging written by Alexey Moskalev and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects and reviews, for the first time, a wide range of advances in the area of human aging biomarkers. This accumulated data allows researchers to assess the rate of aging processes in various organs and systems, and to individually monitor the effectiveness of therapies intended to slow aging. In an introductory chapter, the editor defines biomarkers of aging as molecular, cellular and physiological parameters that demonstrate reproducible changes - quantitative or qualitative - with age. The introduction recounts a study which aimed to create a universal model of biological age, whose most predictive parameters were albumin and alkaline phosphatase (indication liver function), glucose (metabolic syndrome), erythrocytes (respiratory function) and urea (renal function). The book goes on to describe DNA methylation, known as the "epigenetic clock," as currently the most comprehensive predictor of total mortality. It is also useful for predicting mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and for analyzing the effects of lifestyle factors including diet, exercise, and education. Individual contributions draw additional insight from research on genetics and epigenetic aging markers, and immunosenescence and inflammaging markers. A concluding chapter outlines the challenge of integrating of biological and clinical markers of aging. Biomarkers of Human Aging is written for professionals and practitioners engaged in the study of aging, and will be useful to both advanced students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Intercellular Communication in the Nervous System by : Robert Malenka
Download or read book Intercellular Communication in the Nervous System written by Robert Malenka and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-05-22 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intercellular communication is part of a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their environment is the basis of growth and development, tissue repair, and immunity as well as normal tissue homeostasis. Errors in cellular information processing are responsible for diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, and neurological and psychiatric disorders. There is substantial drug development concentrating on this and intercellular communication is the basis of much of neuropharmacology. By understanding cell signaling, diseases may be treated effectively and, theoretically, artificial tissues may be yielded. Neurotransmitters/receptors, synaptic structure and organization, gap junctions, neurotrophic factors and neuropeptides are all explored in this volume, as are the ways in which signaling controls neuroendocrinology, neuroimmunology and neuropharmacology. Intercellular Communication in the Nervous System provides a valuable desk reference for all scientists who consider signaling. - Chapters offer impressive scope with topics addressing neurotransmitters/receptors, synaptic structure and organization, neuropeptides, gap junctions, neuropharmacology and more - Richly illustrated in full color with over 200 figures - Contributors represent the most outstanding scholarship in the field, with each chapter providing fully vetted and reliable expert knowledge
Book Synopsis Clinical Bioinformatics by : Ronald Trent
Download or read book Clinical Bioinformatics written by Ronald Trent and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Clinical Bioinformatics, Second Edition, leading experts in the field provide a series of articles focusing on software applications used to translate information into outcomes of clinical relevance. Recent developments in omics, such as increasingly sophisticated analytic platforms allowing changes in diagnostic strategies from the traditional focus on single or small number of analytes to what might be possible when large numbers or all analytes are measured, are now impacting patient care. Covering such topics as gene discovery, gene function (microarrays), DNA sequencing, online approaches and resources, and informatics in clinical practice, this volume concisely yet thoroughly explores this cutting-edge subject. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Clinical Bioinformatics, Second Edition serves as an ideal guide for scientists and health professionals working in genetics and genomics.
Book Synopsis Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in the Food Supply by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in the Food Supply written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-12-21 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, or DLCs, are found throughout the environment, in soil, water, and air. People are exposed to these unintentional environmental contaminants primarily through the food supply, although at low levels, particularly by eating animal fat in meat, dairy products, and fish. While the amount of DLCs in the environment has declined since the late 1970s, the public continues to be concerned about the safety of the food supply and the potential adverse health effects of DLC exposure, especially in groups such as developing fetuses and infants, who are more sensitive to the toxic effects of these compounds. Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in the Food Supply: Strategies to Decrease Exposure, recommends policy options to reduce exposure to these contaminants while considering how implementing these options could both reduce health risks and affect nutrition, particularly in sensitive and highly exposed groups, if dietary changes are suggested.
Book Synopsis Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder by : Joao Quevedo
Download or read book Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder written by Joao Quevedo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder: Road to Novel Therapeutics combines the basic neurobiology of bipolar disorder with discussions of the most recent advances in research, including the interacting pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, genetic approaches and the pharmacogenomics of bipolar disorder. The basic foundational understanding of the neurobiology underlying the disorder, along with a comprehensive summary of the most recent advances in research combine to aid advanced students and researchers in their understanding of bipolar disorder management using novel and fast-acting pharmaceutical and neuromodulatory approaches. Aids readers in understanding bipolar disorder in the context of NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) recommendations Covers a range of existing and potential pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment options, from lifestyle adjustments to novel therapeutics Synthesizes a discussion of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying symptoms with clinical aspects of bipolar disorder
Book Synopsis Leksell Radiosurgery by : A. Niranjan
Download or read book Leksell Radiosurgery written by A. Niranjan and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its introduction 52 years ago, Leksell radiosurgery has become a widely applied technique for the management of a diverse group of vascular, neoplastic, and functional disorders. This publication presents an update on state-of-the-art radiosurgery technology, including outcomes, by the pioneers in the field. Experts have contributed chapters on various topics. They provide a history of the development of Leksell Gamma Knife and its evolution from frame-based to the inclusion of mask-based radiosurgery in the latest Gamma Knife model. For beginners, there is valuable information related to imaging, quality assurance, patient care, anesthesia, and regulatory requirements. Advance users will appreciate the summary of the long-term outcome of important indications. Additional chapters on cavernous malformation, orbital, uveal, and ocular disorders clarify the role of radiosurgery. This book is a concise overview for physicians interested in radiosurgery. It will be of great value to neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical physicists concerned with learning about the indications of radiosurgery.
