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Externalities Incentives And Failure To Achieve National Objectives In Decentralized Economies
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Book Synopsis Externalities, Incentives, and Failure to Achieve National Objectives in Decentralized Economies by : Joshua Aizenman
Download or read book Externalities, Incentives, and Failure to Achieve National Objectives in Decentralized Economies written by Joshua Aizenman and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to study why decentralized economies often fail to achieve national objective in the presence of externalities. The paper employs a two-period, open economy framework in which the central government allocates its tax revenues among a larger number of individual decision makers (e.g., provincial authorities or managers of state enterprises). The central government has only limited monitoring capacity, which gives individual decision makers the opportunity to commit to spend more than the incomes they are officially allocated. Our analysis suggests that adverse macroeconomic shocks reduce the likelihood that decentralized decision makers will behave in a manner that limits spending and inflation to national objectives. This is demonstrated for declines in the current or expected future levels of domestic output, for a rise in foreign interest rates, and for a reduction in the quantity of external credit. We next demonstrate that debt relief can promote a shift in the composition of spending toward the types of productive investments that generate positive externalities. This is not only because debt relief that expands the availability of current resources has positive direct income effects, but also because debt relief can promote a shift from opportunistic behavior to cooperation among individual decision makers.
Book Synopsis Exchange Rate Economics by : Peter Isard
Download or read book Exchange Rate Economics written by Peter Isard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-09-28 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes and evaluates the literature on exchange rate economics. It provides a wide-ranging survey, with background on the history of international monetary regimes and the institutional characteristics of foreign exchange markets, an overview of the development of conceptual and empirical models of exchange rate behavior, and perspectives on the key issues that policymakers confront in deciding whether, and how, to try to stabilize exchange rates. The treatment of most topics is reasonably compact, with extensive references to the literature for those desiring to pursue individual topics further. The level of exposition is relatively easy to comprehend; the historical and institutional material (part I) and the discussion of policy issues (part III) contain no equations or technical notation, while the chapters on models of exchange rate behavior (part II) are written at a level intelligible to first-year graduate students or advanced undergraduates. The book will enlighten both students and policymakers, and should also serve as a valuable reference for many research economists.
Download or read book IBSS: Economics: 1993 Vol 42 written by and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This bibliography lists the most important works published in economics in 1993. Renowned for its international coverage and rigorous selection procedures, the IBSS provides researchers and librarians with the most comprehensive and scholarly bibliographic service available in the social sciences. The IBSS is compiled by the British Library of Political and Economic Science at the London School of Economics, one of the world's leading social science institutions. Published annually, the IBSS is available in four subject areas: anthropology, economics, political science and sociology.
Book Synopsis Trade Liberalization in a Multinational-dominated Industry by : Linda Hunter
Download or read book Trade Liberalization in a Multinational-dominated Industry written by Linda Hunter and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical model is developed and applied to the North American auto industry, motivated by the possibility of US-Mexico free trade. Special features of the model include (1) significant scale economies at the plant level, (2) imperfect competition among firms, (3) joint ownership of plants and production coordination across plants by each firm, (4) an (initial) ability of firms to segment markets, (5) a separate treatment of non-resident firms in determining oligopolistic markups. Using an applied GE model, we find that (A) the gains to Mexico are significant and the effects on the US and Canada are essentially zero following North American free trade if firms can continue to segment markets: (B) Because of the way that the North American multinationals determine markups, increased imports from Mexico do not result in a rationalization of US and Canadian production in the way it should if firms were strictly national. (C) Genuinely free trade for consumers (integrated markets) results in large gains for Mexico as the Mexican industry is forced to rationalize, while losses to the US and Canada are very small.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Decentralization by : Peter Friedrich
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization written by Peter Friedrich and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis China Country Economic Memorandum by :
Download or read book China Country Economic Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Democratic Decentralization by : James Manor
Download or read book The Political Economy of Democratic Decentralization written by James Manor and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly all countries worldwide are now experimenting with decentralization. Their motivation are diverse. Many countries are decentralizing because they believe this can help stimulate economic growth or reduce rural poverty, goals central government interventions have failed to achieve. Some countries see it as a way to strengthen civil society and deepen democracy. Some perceive it as a way to off-load expensive responsibilities onto lower level governments. Thus, decentralization is seen as a solution to many different kinds of problems. This report examines the origins and implications decentralization from a political economy perspective, with a focus on its promise and limitations. It explores why countries have often chosen not to decentralize, even when evidence suggests that doing so would be in the interests of the government. It seeks to explain why since the early 1980s many countries have undertaken some form of decentralization. This report also evaluates the evidence to understand where decentralization has considerable promise and where it does not. It identifies conditions needed for decentralization to succeed. It identifies the ways in which decentralization can promote rural development. And it names the goals which decentralization will probably not help achieve.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Decentralization and Local Finance in Developing Countries by : Roy Bahl
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and Local Finance in Developing Countries written by Roy Bahl and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-30 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws on experiences in developing countries to bridge the gap between the conventional textbook treatment of fiscal decentralization and the actual practice of subnational government finance. The extensive literature about the theory and practice is surveyed and longstanding problems and new questions are addressed. It focuses on the key choices that must be made in decentralizing, on how economic and political factors shape the choices that countries make, and on how, by paying more attention to the need for a more comprehensive approach and the critical connections between different components of decentralization reform, everyone involved might get more for their money.
Book Synopsis NBER Reporter by : National Bureau of Economic Research
Download or read book NBER Reporter written by National Bureau of Economic Research and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Collusion Among Interest Groups by : Jakob Svensson
Download or read book Collusion Among Interest Groups written by Jakob Svensson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contents of Recent Economics Journals by :
Download or read book Contents of Recent Economics Journals written by and published by . This book was released on 1991-07-26 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book China written by World Bank and published by Washington, D.C. : World Bank. This book was released on 1995 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stochastic Equilibrium and Exchange Rate Determination in a Small Open Economy with Risk Averse Optimizing Agents by : Earl L. Grinols
Download or read book Stochastic Equilibrium and Exchange Rate Determination in a Small Open Economy with Risk Averse Optimizing Agents written by Earl L. Grinols and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper constructs a stochastic general equilibrium model of a small open economy consisting of risk averse optimizing agents. The stochastic processes describing the rate of monetary growth, government expenditure, private production, and the foreign price level are taken to be exogenous, determining all asset risks and returns, and the equilibrium stochastic processes describing the domestic inflation rate and the exchange rate. The model is used to examine a number of issues. These include: (i) the effects of the means and variances of policy shocks on the equilibrium; (ii) the determinants of the foreign exchange risk premium; (iii) the relationship between net export instability and economic growth.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Deficits, Public Debt and Government Solvency by : Giancarlo Corsetti
Download or read book Fiscal Deficits, Public Debt and Government Solvency written by Giancarlo Corsetti and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses different empirical tests of public sector solvency and applies them to a sample of 18 OCED countries. Provided that the government solvency constraint need to be imposed, these tests develop from the idea of verifying whether the intertemporal budget constraint of the public sector would be satisfied a) had the fiscal and financial policy in the sample been pursued indefinitely and b) were the relevant macro and structural features of the economy stable over time. If solvency is not supported by the empirical evidence, a change either in the policy or in the relevant macro and structural variables (growth, inflation, interest rates, demographic factors) must occur at some point in the future. Among the G-7 countries, public sector solvency seems a serious issue in Italy, while does not appear to be a problem in the cases of Germany and Japan. The evidence for the U.S.A. is mixed. Problems of sustainability of the current path of fiscal policies are also present in Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands and Greece.
Book Synopsis Testing the Imports-as-market-discipline Hypothesis by : James Levinsohn
Download or read book Testing the Imports-as-market-discipline Hypothesis written by James Levinsohn and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has long been believed that international competition forces domestic firms to behave more competitively. I term this the imports-as--market-discipline hypothesis. I construct a simple static oligopoly model and estimate the model using panel data from Turkish manufacturing firms. The data span the course of a dramatic trade liberalization. Looking for changes in price-marginal cost markups as trade policy shifts, I test the imports-as-market discipline hypothesis. In all five industries to which the hypothesis is relevant, markups change in the direction predicted by the theory. These changes are statistically significant in all but one of the five industries.
Book Synopsis NBER Publications by : National Bureau of Economic Research
Download or read book NBER Publications written by National Bureau of Economic Research and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Targeting the Exchange Rate by : Shula Pessach
Download or read book Targeting the Exchange Rate written by Shula Pessach and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to implement empirically a variant of the new theory of exchange rate targeting, suitable for high inflation small open economies. The theory formulates an expectations induced relationship between the exchange rate and the fundamental subject to random shocks and target zone constraints on rates of depreciation. The empirical analysis identifies the roles played by policy and market fundamentals in foreign exchange markets, and estimate the key parameters of the exchange rate dynamic equation.
