Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Exploring Plasma Stability And Confinement With High Resolution Density Measurements On The Zap Hd Flow Z Pinch
Download Exploring Plasma Stability And Confinement With High Resolution Density Measurements On The Zap Hd Flow Z Pinch full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Exploring Plasma Stability And Confinement With High Resolution Density Measurements On The Zap Hd Flow Z Pinch ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Exploring Plasma Stability and Confinement with High Resolution Density Measurements on the ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch by : Michael Patrick Ross
Download or read book Exploring Plasma Stability and Confinement with High Resolution Density Measurements on the ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch written by Michael Patrick Ross and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch project provides a platform to explore how shear flow stabilized Z-pinches could scale to high-energy-density plasma (plasma with pressures exceeding 1~Mbar) and fusion reactor conditions. The Z-pinch is a linear plasma confinement geometry in which the plasma carries axial electric current and is confined by its self-induced magnetic field. ZaP-HD generates shear stabilized, axisymmetric Z-pinches with stable lifetimes approaching 60ms. The goal of the project is to increase the plasma density and temperature compared to the previous ZaP project by compressing the plasma to smaller radii (~1mm). Radial and axial plasma electron density structure is measured using digital holographic interferometry (DHI), which provides the necessary fine spatial resolution. ZaP-HD's DHI system uses a 2ns Nd:YAG laser pulse with a second harmonic generator (lambda = 532nm) to produce holograms recorded by a Nikon D3200 digital camera. The holograms are numerically reconstructed with the Fresnel transform reconstruction method to obtain the phase shift caused by the interaction of the laser beam with the plasma. This provides a two-dimensional map of line-integrated electron density, which can be Abel inverted to determine the local number density. The DHI resolves line-integrated densities down to 3 X 1020m−2 with spatial resolution near 10 micro m. This dissertation presents the first application of Fresnel transform reconstruction as an analysis technique for a plasma diagnostic, and it analyzes the method's accuracy through study of synthetic data. It then presents an Abel inversion procedure that utilizes data on both sides of a Z-pinch local number density profile to maximize profile symmetry. Density measurements from DHI reveal the quality of ZaP-HD's confinement, specifically its scaling properties. DHI measurements also enable an evaluation of Z-pinch stability metrics.
Book Synopsis Physics of High-Density Z-Pinch Plasmas by : Michael A. Liberman
Download or read book Physics of High-Density Z-Pinch Plasmas written by Michael A. Liberman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A "z pinch" is a deceptively simple plasma configuration in which a longitudinal current produces a magnetic field that confines the plasma. Z-pinch research is currently one of the fastest growing areas of plasma physics, with revived interest in z-pinch controlled fusion reactors along with investigations of new z-pinch applications, such as very high power x-ray sources, high-energy neutrons sources, and ultra-high magnetic fields generators. This book provides a comprehensive review of the physics of dense z pinches and includes many recent experimental results.
Book Synopsis Diagnostic Development and Plasma-material Interaction Studies on the ZaP-HD Device by : Eleanor Glynis Forbes
Download or read book Diagnostic Development and Plasma-material Interaction Studies on the ZaP-HD Device written by Eleanor Glynis Forbes and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch device was designed to investigate the use of a tri-axial electrode configuration to scale a sheared-flow stabilized Z pinch to high energy density conditions. Decoupling the power used to form the plasma from the power used to compress the pinch has resulted in temperatures and densities of 1 keV and 1 x 1018cm−3 during quiescent periods of up to 60 microseconds. After demonstrating improved performance through the use of two power supplies, the ZaP-HD machine has seen further use as a test-bed for diagnostic development and high energy density plasma-material interactions (PMI). Two novel diagnostics have been fielded on the ZaP-HD machine: time-resolved spectroscopy and three-dimensional digital holographic interferometry (DHI). Time-resolved spectroscopy is used to make simultaneous measurements of plasma temperature and velocity over the course of the plasma lifetime. Three-dimensional DHI is used to reconstruct the full 3D electron density structure of approximately three centimeters of the length of the Z-pinch. These two diagnostics used in concert with magnetic field probes and other measurements provide a detailed history of the Z-pinch behavior and give comprehensive information on the variation in pinch performance with initial conditions. A series of experiments were performed to better understand the role of plasma kinetic and thermal energy in material target deformation in high-energy density plasmas. Graphite and boron-nitride targets were exposed to plasmas of varying temperatures and velocities. Plasma behavior was monitored with a diagnostic suite and the targets were examined with high-resolution surface diagnostics to characterize any deformation caused by plasma exposure. Significant differences in the surface structure are seen for graphite targets. Features vary with plasma ion energy and with orientation to the plasma flow. Energy deposition and sputtering yield are calculated for various parameters. Targets exposed to high-energy plasma pulses are found to exceed the BN and graphite sublimation temperature. The data are used to calculate graphite erosion times and may be useful for designing electrodes on future experiments and reactor concepts.
Book Synopsis Fusion's Promise by : Matthew Moynihan
Download or read book Fusion's Promise written by Matthew Moynihan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-24 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over 60 years, scientists and engineers have been trying to crack a seemingly intractable problem: how to build practical devices that exploit nuclear fusion. Access to electricity has facilitated a standard of living that was previously unimaginable, but as the world’s population grows and developing nations increasingly reap the benefits of electrification, we face a serious global problem: burning fossil fuels currently produces about eighty percent of the world's energy, but it produces a greenhouse effect that traps outgoing infrared radiation and warms the planet, risking dire environmental consequences unless we reduce our fossil fuel consumption to near zero in the coming decades. Nuclear fusion, the energy-producing process in the sun and stars, could provide the answer: if it can be successfully harnessed here on Earth, it will produce electricity with near-zero CO2 byproduct by using the nuclei in water as its main fuel. The principles behind fusion are understood, but the technology is far from being fully realized, and governments, universities, and venture capitalists are pumping vast amounts of money into many ideas, some highly speculative, that could lead to functioning fusion reactors. This book puts all of these attempts together in one place, providing clear explanations for readers who are interested in new energy technologies, including those with no formal training in science or engineering. For each of the many approaches to fusion, the reader will learn who pioneered the approach, how the concept works in plain English, how experimental tests were engineered, the future prospects, and comparison with other approaches. From long-established fusion technologies to emerging and exotic methods, the reader will learn all about the idea that could eventually constitute the single greatest engineering advance in human history.
Book Synopsis Instabilities in a Confined Plasma by : A.B Mikhailovskii
Download or read book Instabilities in a Confined Plasma written by A.B Mikhailovskii and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Instabilities in a Confined Plasma is entirely devoted to a theoretical exposition of the subject of plasma instabilities in confined systems. The book is an important contribution to the study of plasma instabilities, not only in fusion devices such as the Tokamak but also in astrophysical phenomena. It covers toroidal confinement systems, internal MHD modes, small-scale MHD instabilities, MHD internal kink modes, MHD modes in collisionless and neoclassical regimes, drift-MHD modes, external kink modes, and Alfven eigenmodes.
Book Synopsis Investigating Plasma Viscosity with Fast Framing Photography in the ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch Experiment by : Jonathan Robert Weed
Download or read book Investigating Plasma Viscosity with Fast Framing Photography in the ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch Experiment written by Jonathan Robert Weed and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch experiment investigates the stabilizing effect of sheared axial flows while scaling toward a high-energy-density laboratory plasma (HEDLP > 100 GPa). Stabilizing flows may persist until viscous forces dissipate a sheared flow profile. Plasma viscosity is investigated by measuring scale lengths in turbulence intentionally introduced in the plasma flow. A boron nitride turbulence-tripping probe excites small scale length turbulence in the plasma, and fast framing optical cameras are used to study time-evolved turbulent structures and viscous dissipation. A Hadland Imacon 790 fast framing camera is modified for digital image capture, but features insufficient resolution to study turbulent structures. A Shimadzu HPV-X camera captures the evolution of turbulent structures with great spatial and temporal resolution, but is unable to resolve the anticipated Kolmogorov scale in ZaP-HD as predicted by a simplified pinch model.
Download or read book The ZaP Flow Z-Pinch Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results from the ZaP experiment are consistent with the theoretical predictions of sheared flow stabilization. Z pinches with a sheared flow are generated in the ZaP experiment using a coaxial accelerator coupled to an assembly region. The current sheet in the accelerator initially acts as a snowplow. As the Z pinch forms, plasma formation in the accelerator transits to a deflagration process. The plasma exits the accelerator and maintains the flow in the Z pinch. During the quiescent period in the magnetic mode activity at z=0 cm, a stable Z pinch is seen on the axis of the assembly region. The evolution of the axial velocity profile shows a large velocity shear is measured at the edge of the Z pinch during the quiescent period. The velocity shear is above the theoretical threshold. As the velocity shear decreases towards 0.1kV{sub A}, the predicted stability threshold, the quiescent period ends. The present understanding of the ZaP experiment shows that it may be possible for the Z pinch to operate in a steady state if the deflagration process can be maintained by constantly supplying neutral gas or plasma to the accelerator.
Book Synopsis The ZaP Flow Z-Pinch Project - Final Technical Report by :
Download or read book The ZaP Flow Z-Pinch Project - Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ZaP Flow Z-Pinch Project is a project to extend the performance of the flow Z-pinch experiment at the University of Washington to investigate and isolate the relevant physics of the stabilizing effect of plasma flow. Experimental plasmas have exhibited an enhanced stability under certain operating parameters which generate a flow state (axial flows in Z-pinches and VH mode in tokamaks). Flow has also been suggested as the stabilizing mechanism in astrophysical jets.
Download or read book High-density Z-pinch Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The linear Z pinch is a plasma configuration which in its simplest form requires no auxiliary magnetic field; an axial current carried by the plasma produces an azimuthal confining field and provides ohmic (resistive) or implosion heating. The Lawson criterion (n tau> 102° m−3s) and high temperatures (T> 10 keV) must be simultaneously satisfied in any reactor scheme. Early Z-pinch experiments concentrated on the sub-atmospheric fill pressure regime, with 1019 m−3 n 1023 m−3 and a corresponding confinement time constraint of 101 s tau 10−4 s. In addition, these studies involved plasmas formed at the surface of an insulating wall; the plasmas were subsequently pinched inward by the radial j x B force. Following the implosion phase, gross MHD instabilities were invariably observed on a time scale short compared to the required confinement time.
Book Synopsis Self-Organized Structures in Z-Pinch Plasmas by : Arturo Ortiz-Tapia
Download or read book Self-Organized Structures in Z-Pinch Plasmas written by Arturo Ortiz-Tapia and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-organization can be envisioned as a process of formation of recognizable patterns upon the injection of energy into and the efficient expulsion of energy from a given physical system. A Z-pinch is an electric discharge between two terminals within a given gas environment, providing the context for the possible formation of geometrical structures of the ionized gas with free electrons: a plasma. These plasma structures may last longer in time due to the efficient expulsion of entropy, and the higher gain in energy. Sustained existence of a z-pinch plasma may serve for the purposes of generation of high-rate, high-density neutron fluxes, which in turn may be used for neutron imaging, material studies and material treatment, like sputtering, among other possible uses. In this work it has been shown evidence for the correlation between the highest input of energy and the highest output of entropy, with the spontaneous formation of plasma structures.
Book Synopsis The Behavior of a Plasma in a High Density Gas Embedded Z-pinch Configuration by : Jack Sherman Shlachter
Download or read book The Behavior of a Plasma in a High Density Gas Embedded Z-pinch Configuration written by Jack Sherman Shlachter and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stabilization and Control of High Temperature Plasmas by : John C. Corbin (Jr.)
Download or read book Stabilization and Control of High Temperature Plasmas written by John C. Corbin (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plasma Confinement by : Richard D. Hazeltine
Download or read book Plasma Confinement written by Richard D. Hazeltine and published by Addison-Wesley Longman. This book was released on 1992 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Stability of the High-density Z-pinch by : A. H. Glasser
Download or read book The Stability of the High-density Z-pinch written by A. H. Glasser and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterizing the Plasma Exhaust Plume from a Sheared-flow Stabilized Z-Pinch by : Collin Parsons
Download or read book Characterizing the Plasma Exhaust Plume from a Sheared-flow Stabilized Z-Pinch written by Collin Parsons and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A plasma Z-pinch has often been overlooked as a method for magnetic confinement fusion due to instabilities. Using sheared-flow to stabilize the Z-pinch extends its life to where it is a plausible solution for fusion and an attractive possibility for fusion-based space propulsion. To investigate this, the plasma plume of the Fusion Z-Pinch Experiment (FuZE) at the University of Washington is characterized using ion Doppler spectroscopy and quadruple Langmuir probe measurements. During pulses, signals characteristic of discharge arcs driven by quadruple probe bias capacitors are observed on probe tips at a probability proportional to the bias voltage. Quadruple probe measurements show average electron temperatures of 14.4 ± 7.8 eV that are approximately constant over the plasma and peak densities of 9.5 x 1020 ± 3.4 x 1020 m−3 that fall off nearly linearly as radius increases, suggesting a collimated plasma plume. EMI noise in quadruple probe voltage measurements prevents more accurate determinations of parameters. Spectroscopy reveals plasma velocities of 86.2 ± 2.8 km/s, while significant EMI noise and suspected unreliability preclude velocity measurements from the Mach probe. A hypothetical space thruster built with these parameters would have a specific impulse of 8790 ± 290 s and a Thrust of 1420 ± 260 N, performance significantly better than current-day electromagnetic thrusters.
Book Synopsis One- and Two-dimensional Density and Temperature Measurements of an Argon-neon Z-pinch Plasma at Stagnation by :
Download or read book One- and Two-dimensional Density and Temperature Measurements of an Argon-neon Z-pinch Plasma at Stagnation written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to benchmark and improve current 2D radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of Z-pinch plasmas, we have performed experiments which characterize the plasma -conditions at stagnation. In the experiments the SATURN pulsed power facility at Sandia National Laboratory was used to create an imploding -Ar-Ne plasma. An absolutely calibrated, high resolution space- and time- resolving Johann crystal spectrometer was used to infer the electron temperature Te from the slope of the hydrogenlike Ne free-bound continuum, and the ion density ni from the Stark broadening of the Ar heliunlike Rydberg series. 2D electron temperature profiles of the plasma are obtained from a set of imaging crystals also focused on the Ne free-bound continuum. We shot two types of gas nozzles in the experiment, annular and uniform fill which varies the amount of mass in the plasma. 2D local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE MM models predict a radiating region denser and cooler than measured.
Book Synopsis Numerical and Theoretical Investigations of Z-pinch Plasma Channels for Light Ion Beam Inertial Confinement Fusion by : John J. Watrous
Download or read book Numerical and Theoretical Investigations of Z-pinch Plasma Channels for Light Ion Beam Inertial Confinement Fusion written by John J. Watrous and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
