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Exploring Novel Regulatory Noncoding Rnas Associated With Ethanol Tolerance In Zymomonas Mobilis For Strain Engineering
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Book Synopsis Exploring Novel Regulatory Noncoding RNAs Associated with Ethanol Tolerance in Zymomonas Mobilis for Strain Engineering by : Seung Hee Cho
Download or read book Exploring Novel Regulatory Noncoding RNAs Associated with Ethanol Tolerance in Zymomonas Mobilis for Strain Engineering written by Seung Hee Cho and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zymomonas mobilis has been identified as a promising cellular factory for biofuels due to its efficient, natural production of and tolerance to ethanol. With rising demands of efficiency and sustainability, the use of microbes as chemical factories is increasingly attractive. In bacteria, small noncoding RNAs have been highlighted as powerful tools due to their regulatory roles in cellular pathways and as such are being increasingly exploited for engineering purposes. As global controllers of gene expression, noncoding regulatory RNAs represent powerful tools for engineering complex phenotypes. However, mechanistic analysis of these regulators in bacteria lags far behind their high-throughput search and discovery; this makes it difficult to understand how to efficiently identify noncoding RNAs that could be used to engineer a phenotype of interest. This dissertation describes discovery of novel global regulatory small noncoding RNAs that impact ethanol tolerance in Z. mobilis using a forward systems approach. The effect of the bioinformatically predicted candidates were experimentally characterized by building overexpression and deletion strains. This led to the successful uncovering of several sRNAs that could be manipulated to enhance ethanol tolerance as well as ethanol production in Z. mobilis. Using these ethanol-related sRNAs, we then performed traditional genetic and biochemical approaches as well as transcriptomics and proteomics methods to identify a pool of mRNA targets and pathways that were being regulated by these sRNAs under conditions of enhanced ethanol tolerance. Additionally, control elements (especially untranslated regions (UTRs)) that regulate gene expression at the local level associated with ethanol as well as other metabolic stresses in Z. mobilis were searched and exploited. Specifically, ethanol responsive-UTR element identified in this work regulates the expression of Hfq and affects cell growth under ethanol stress condition. This work represents the first application of a de novo sRNA engineering strategy in a non-model organism, Z. mobilis, which is of relevance to biofuel technologies. Furthermore, our development and application of a novel bioinformatics pipeline for this work has demonstrated the ability to use formal computational approaches (in conjuction with systems-level methods) to accelerate the discovery of specific pathways that could be further optimized to enhance a given complex phenotype
Book Synopsis Uncovering and Engineering Complex Phenotypes in Bacteria Using Regulatory Noncoding RNAs by : Katherine Elizabeth Haning
Download or read book Uncovering and Engineering Complex Phenotypes in Bacteria Using Regulatory Noncoding RNAs written by Katherine Elizabeth Haning and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microorganisms exhibit amazing capabilities to sustainably produce biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals. However, industrial stresses hinder efficient production. Metabolic engineering aims to overcome this challenge by genetically enhancing the metabolism of the organism, but existing approaches fail to fully control the complex cellular responses to stress, which are dynamic and involve large sets of genes. One untapped resource is the pool of native regulators known as noncoding RNAs that instinctively coordinate stress responses. Despite widespread discovery noncoding RNAs, few strategies harness their power to meet industrial goals. Most noncoding RNA functions remain unknown and lack foreseeable roles in producing phenotypes of interest. Moreover, existing methods to uncover noncoding RNA functions are slow and aimless, requiring laborious biochemical experiments and resulting in hit-or-miss relevance to any engineering goal. To address this, we developed computational methods to efficiently identify noncoding RNAs relevant to a target phenotype. In the context of local, single-gene RNA regulators, we developed a strategy to identify 5’ untranslated regions from transcriptome data and to rapidly screen their responses to stress in vivo. With this discovery pipeline, we exposed the first 5’ untranslated regions in ethanol-producing bacterium Zymomonas mobilis and illuminated their roles in stress responses. We also uncovered a network of multi-gene noncoding RNA regulators involved in the natural ethanol tolerance of Z. mobilis. To enable rapid identification of multi-gene noncoding RNA regulators like these in other organisms, we developed a computational approach to mine transcriptome data for noncoding RNAs with greatest potential impact on a phenotype of interest. Taken together, this work accelerates complex phenotype engineering in a variety of organisms by expanding the set of regulators available for engineering to include noncoding RNAs
Book Synopsis Systems Metabolic Engineering by : Christoph Wittmann
Download or read book Systems Metabolic Engineering written by Christoph Wittmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-15 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systems Metabolic Engineering is changing the way microbial cell factories are designed and optimized for industrial production. Integrating systems biology and biotechnology with new concepts from synthetic biology enables the global analysis and engineering of microorganisms and bioprocesses at super efficiency and versatility otherwise not accessible. Without doubt, systems metabolic engineering is a major driver towards bio-based production of chemicals, materials and fuels from renewables and thus one of the core technologies of global green growth. In this book, Christoph Wittmann and Sang-Yup Lee have assembled the world leaders on systems metabolic engineering and cover the full story – from genomes and networks via discovery and design to industrial implementation practises. This book is a comprehensive resource for students and researchers from academia and industry interested in systems metabolic engineering. It provides us with the fundaments to targeted engineering of microbial cells for sustainable bio-production and stimulates those who are interested to enter this exiting research field.
Book Synopsis White Biotechnology by : Roland Ulber
Download or read book White Biotechnology written by Roland Ulber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by numerous experts
Book Synopsis Genome Mapping and Genomics in Animal-Associated Microbes by : Vishvanath Nene
Download or read book Genome Mapping and Genomics in Animal-Associated Microbes written by Vishvanath Nene and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-24 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achievements and progress in genome mapping and the genomics of microbes supersede by far those for higher plants and animals, in part due to their enormous economic implication but also smaller genome size. In the post-genomic era, whole genome sequences of animal-associated microbes are providing clues to depicting the genetic basis of the complex host-pathogen relationships and the evolution of parasitism; and to improving methods of controlling pathogens. This volume focuses on a globally important group of intracellular prokaryotic pathogens which affect livestock animals. These include Brucella, Mycobacterium, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, as well as the protozoan pathogens Cryptosporidium and Theileria, for which genome sequence data is available. Insights from comparative genomics of the microbes described provide clues to the adaptation involved in host-microbe interactions, as well as resources potentially useful for application in future research and product development.
Download or read book Biomaterials written by David Byrom and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-06-18 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomaterials are produced from biological material and are used for their physical characteristics. This book looks at the range of biomaterials and their applications which range from the use of polysaccharides as thickening agents to the use of proteins as fibres and adhesives.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biotechnology by : Bernard R. Glick
Download or read book Molecular Biotechnology written by Bernard R. Glick and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition explains the principles of recombinant DNA technology as well as other important techniques such as DNA sequencing, the polymerase chain reaction, and the production of monclonal antibodies.
Book Synopsis Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism by : Byung Hong Kim
Download or read book Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent determination of genome sequences for a wide range of bacteria has made in-depth knowledge of prokaryotic metabolic function essential in order to give biochemical, physiological, and ecological meaning to the genomic information. Clearly describing the important metabolic processes that occur in prokaryotes under different conditions and in different environments, this advanced text provides an overview of the key cellular processes that determine bacterial roles in the environment, biotechnology, and human health. Prokaryotic structure is described as well as the means by which nutrients are transported into cells across membranes. Glucose metabolism through glycolysis and the TCA cycle are discussed, as well as other trophic variations found in prokaryotes, including the use of organic compounds, anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic respiratory processes, and photosynthesis. The regulation of metabolism through control of gene expression and control of the activity of enzymes is also covered, as well as survival mechanisms used under starvation conditions.
Book Synopsis Industrial Pharmaceutical Biotechnology by : Heinrich Klefenz
Download or read book Industrial Pharmaceutical Biotechnology written by Heinrich Klefenz and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2002-04-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on pharmaceutical biotechnology as a key area of life sciences. The complete range of concepts, processes and technologies of biotechnology is applied in modern industrial pharmaceutical research, development and production. The results of genome sequencing and studies of biological-genetic function are combined with chemical, micro-electronic and microsystem technology to produce medical devices and diagnostic biochips. A multitude of biologically active molecules is expanded by additional novel structures created with newly arranged gene clusters and bio-catalytic chemical processes. New organisational structures in the co-operation of institutes, companies and networks enable faster knowledge and product development and immediate application of the results of research and process development. This book is the ideal source of information for scientists and engineers in research and development, for decision-makers in biotech, pharma and chemical corporations, as well as for research institutes, but also for founders of biotech companies and people working for venture capital corporations.
Book Synopsis Brewing and Distilling Yeasts by : Graham G. Stewart
Download or read book Brewing and Distilling Yeasts written by Graham G. Stewart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-04 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an overview considering yeast and fermentation. The similarities and differences between yeasts employed in brewing and distilling are reviewed. The implications of the differences during the production of beer and distilled products (potable and industrial) are discussed. This Handbook includes a review of relevant historical developments and achievements in this field, the basic yeast taxonomy and biology, as well as fundamental and practical aspects of yeast cropping (flocculation), handling, storage and propagation. Yeast stress, vitality and viability are also addressed together with flavor production, genetic manipulation, bioethanol formation and ethanol production by non-Saccharomyces yeasts and a Gram-negative bacterium. This information, and a detailed account of yeast research and its implications to both the brewing and distilling processes, is a useful resource to those engaged in fermentation, yeast and their many products and processes.
Author :Patrick C. Hallenbeck Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1461412080 Total Pages :262 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (614 download)
Book Synopsis Microbial Technologies in Advanced Biofuels Production by : Patrick C. Hallenbeck
Download or read book Microbial Technologies in Advanced Biofuels Production written by Patrick C. Hallenbeck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-16 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns over dwindling fossil fuel reserves and impending climate changes have focused attention worldwide on the need to discover alternative, sustainable energy sources and fuels. Biofuels, already produced on a massive industrial scale, are seen as one answer to these problems. However, very real concerns over the effects of biofuel production on food supplies, with some of ht recent increases in worldwide food costs attributable to biofuel production, have lead to the realization that new, non-food substrates for biofuel production must be bought online. This book is an authoritative, comprehensive, up-to-date review of the various options under development for the production of advanced biofuels as alternative energy sources. A general overview and introductory chapters for each section place the field in the context as well as provide essential basic notions for the more general reader. Accomplished, internationally recognized experts carrying out research on individual focus areas contribute specific technical chapters detailing present progress and future prospects.
Book Synopsis Modern Microbial Genetics by : Uldis N. Streips
Download or read book Modern Microbial Genetics written by Uldis N. Streips and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-03-24 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In accordance with its predecessor, the completely revised and expanded Second Edition of Modern Microbial Genetics focuses on how bacteria and bacteriophage arrange and rearrange their genetic material through mutation, evolution, and genetic exchange to take optimal advantage of their environment. The text is divided into three sections: DNA Metabolism, Genetic Response, and Genetic Exchange. The first addresses how DNA replicates, repairs itself, and recombines, as well as how it may be manipulated. The second section is devoted to how microorganisms interact with their environment, including chapters on sporulation and stress shock, and the final section contains the latest information on classic exchange mechanisms such as transformation and conjugation. Chapters include: * Gene Expression and Its Regulation * Single-Stranded DNA Phages * Genetic Tools for Dissecting Motility and Development of Myxococcus xanthus * Molecular Mechanism of Quorum Sensing * Transduction in Gram-Negative Bacteria * Genetic Approaches in Bacteria with No Natural Genetic Systems The editors also cultivate an attention to global regulatory systems throughout the book, elucidating how certain genes and operons in bacteria, defined as regulons, network and cooperate to suit the needs of the bacterial cell. With clear appreciation for the impact of molecular genomics, this completely revised and updated edition proves that Modern Microbial Genetics remains the benchmark text in its field.
Book Synopsis Basic Biotechnology by : Colin Ratledge
Download or read book Basic Biotechnology written by Colin Ratledge and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-25 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology is one of the major technologies of the twenty-first century. Its wide-ranging, multi-disciplinary activities include recombinant DNA techniques, cloning and the application of microbiology to the production of goods from bread to antibiotics. In this new edition of the textbook Basic Biotechnology, biology and bioprocessing topics are uniquely combined to provide a complete overview of biotechnology. The fundamental principles that underpin all biotechnology are explained and a full range of examples are discussed to show how these principles are applied; from starting substrate to final product. A distinctive feature of this text are the discussions of the public perception of biotechnology and the business of biotechnology, which set the science in a broader context. This comprehensive textbook is essential reading for all students of biotechnology and applied microbiology, and for researchers in biotechnology industries.
Book Synopsis Synthetic Metabolic Pathways by : Michael Krogh Jensen
Download or read book Synthetic Metabolic Pathways written by Michael Krogh Jensen and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-11-24 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume outlines key steps associated with the design, building, and testing of synthetic metabolic pathways for optimal cell factory performance and robustness, and illustrates how data-driven learning from these steps can be used for rational cost-effective engineering of cell factories with improved performance. Chapters are divided into four sections focusing on the four steps of the iterative design-build-test-learn cycle related to modern cell factory engineering. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Synthetic Metabolic Pathways: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Book Synopsis Biology and Biotechnology of Actinobacteria by : Joachim Wink
Download or read book Biology and Biotechnology of Actinobacteria written by Joachim Wink and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth insights into the biology, taxonomy, genetics, physiology and biotechnological applications of Actinobacteria. It especially focuses on the latter, reviewing the wide variety of actinobacterial bioactive molecules and their benefits for diverse industrial applications such as agriculture, aquaculture, biofuel production and food technology. Actinobacteria are one of the most promising sources of small bioactive molecules and it is estimated that only a small percentage of actinobacterial bioactive chemicals have been discovered to date. Identifying new diverse gene clusters of biotechnological relevance in the genome of Actinobacteria will be crucial to developing advanced applications for pharmaceutical, industrial and agricultural purposes. The book offers a unique resource for all graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the fields of microbiology, microbial biotechnology, and the genetic engineering of Actinobacteria.
Book Synopsis Paraoxonase (PON1) in Health and Disease by : Lucio G. Costa
Download or read book Paraoxonase (PON1) in Health and Disease written by Lucio G. Costa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-11-30 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The journey to find genes responsible for determining sensitivity or resistance to specific insecticides led to the paraoxonase (PON1) gene on human chromosome 7. This gene encodes a 355 amino acid protein that is localized on the high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in plasma. Characterization of this gene revealed that different individuals expressed both different forms of this enzyme with amino acid substitutions at positions 55 and 192 as well as different levels of this protein. Additional studies showed that mutations in the regulatory region of the PON1 gene contributed to the very different levels of plasma PON1 among individuals. It turned out that both the level of the enzyme as well as the amino acid present at position 192 (glutamine or arginine) are important in determining resistance to the active forms of specific organophosphorus insecticides, especially diazinon and chlorpyrifos. The position 192 amino acid also determined whether an individual's plasma hydrolyzed the nerve agents soman and sarin at high or low rates. It is not yet known whether these different rates of hydrolysis observed in biochemical assays reflect differences in sensitivity of individuals to nerve agents. Taken together, all of the experiments carried out to date indicate that engineered recombinant PON1 is an excellent candidate to use for treating cases of poisoning by specific organophosphorus compounds. The available data on the relationship of PON1 levels and position 192 genotype led us to introduce the term PON1 status to describe an individual's PON1 plasma level as well as their position 192 genotype.The characterization of the genetic variations of the PON1 gene together with experiments showing that HDL can protect the lipids in low density lipoprotein particles (LDL) from oxidation and that it was PON1 that was responsible for this protection have opened an entirely new area of investigation, the role of PON1 in protecting against vascular disease.More recent reports have noted that PON1 also metabolizes a number of drugs, activating some and inactivating others.This book describes the recent advances in understanding the role of PON1 in both cardiovascular disease and toxicology of insecticide exposure as well as some of the recent information indicating an important possible role in the pharmacokinetics of drug metabolism. The final chapter of the book provides an overview of the areas of PON1 research and suggests future directions for research on PON1 as well as the related, linked genes PON2 and PON3.
Book Synopsis Industrial Microbiology by : Michael J. Waites
Download or read book Industrial Microbiology written by Michael J. Waites and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of major economic, environmental and social importance, industrialmicrobiology involves the utilization of microorganisms in theproduction of a wide range of products, including enzymes, foods,beverages, chemical feedstocks, fuels and pharmaceuticals, andclean technologies employed for waste treatment and pollutioncontrol. Aimed at undergraduates studying the applied aspects of biology,particularly those on biotechnology and microbiology courses andstudents of food science and biochemical engineering, this textprovides a wide-ranging introduction to the field of industrialmicrobiology. The content is divided into three sections: key aspects of microbial physiology, exploring the versatilityof microorganisms, their diverse metabolic activities andproducts industrial microorganisms and the technology required forlarge-scale cultivation and isolation of fermentationproducts investigation of a wide range of established and novelindustrial fermentation processes and products Written by experienced lecturers with industrial backgrounds,Industrial Microbiology provides the reader with groundwork in boththe fundamental principles of microbial biology and the varioustraditional and novel applications of microorganisms to industrialprocesses, many of which have been made possible or enhanced byrecent developments in genetic engineering technology. A wide-ranging introduction to the field of industrialmicrobiology Based on years of teaching experience by experienced lecturerswith industrial backgrounds Explains the underlying microbiology as well as the industrialapplication. Content is divided into three sections: 1. key aspects of microbial physiology, exploring theversatility of microorganisms, their diverse metabolic activitiesand products 2. industrial microorganisms and the technology required forlarge-scale cultivation and isolation of fermentation products 3. investigation of a wide range of established and novelindustrial fermentation processes and products
