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Exploring Gender Differences In Employment And Wage Trends Among Less Skilled Workers
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Book Synopsis Exploring Gender Differences in Employment and Wage Trends Among Less-skilled Workers by : Rebecca M. Blank
Download or read book Exploring Gender Differences in Employment and Wage Trends Among Less-skilled Workers written by Rebecca M. Blank and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to less-skilled men, less-skilled women have experienced growing labor force involvement and moderate wage increases. Compared to more-skilled women, less-skilled women have fallen behind. We investigated the reasons behind these trends in labor force participation and wages for male and female workers of different skill levels over the past 25 years, from 1979-2004. We find that less-skilled women have found themselves in an 'intermediate' place in the labor market. Like less-skilled men, they experienced deteriorating returns to education but, unlike the men, they benefited from a growing positive impact of accumulated experience on labor market outcomes. More-skilled women experienced both growing returns to education and greater accumulation of experience, leading to faster wage growth. In addition, at the same time that experience levels have grown, the returns to experience on wages and labor force participation have also risen among less-skilled women, while the returns to experience have declined among less-skilled men. The negative effect of children and marital status on wages and labor force participation has also declined markedly among women of all skill levels.
Book Synopsis Exploring Gender Differences in Employment and Wage Trends Among Less-Skilled Workers by : Rebecca M. Blank
Download or read book Exploring Gender Differences in Employment and Wage Trends Among Less-Skilled Workers written by Rebecca M. Blank and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to less-skilled men, less-skilled women have experienced growing labor force involvement and moderate wage increases. Compared to more-skilled women, less-skilled women have fallen behind. We investigated the reasons behind these trends in labor force participation and wages for male and female workers of different skill levels over the past 25 years, from 1979-2004. We find that less-skilled women have found themselves in an 'intermediate' place in the labor market. Like less-skilled men, they experienced deteriorating returns to education but, unlike the men, they benefited from a growing positive impact of accumulated experience on labor market outcomes. More-skilled women experienced both growing returns to education and greater accumulation of experience, leading to faster wage growth. In addition, at the same time that experience levels have grown, the returns to experience on wages and labor force participation have also risen among less-skilled women, while the returns to experience have declined among less-skilled men. The negative effect of children and marital status on wages and labor force participation has also declined markedly among women of all skill levels.
Book Synopsis Global Wage Report 2018/19 by : International Labour Office
Download or read book Global Wage Report 2018/19 written by International Labour Office and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2018/19 edition analyses the gender pay gap. The report focuses on two main challenges: how to find the most useful means for measurement, and how to break down the gender pay gap in ways that best inform policy-makers and social partners of the factors that underlie it. The report also includes a review of key policy issues regarding wages and the reduction of gender pay gaps in different national circumstances.
Book Synopsis How Are Low-Skilled Women Doing in the Labor Market? by : National Poverty Center
Download or read book How Are Low-Skilled Women Doing in the Labor Market? written by National Poverty Center and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When chronicling how less-skilled workers have fared in the U.S. since the late 1970's, existing literature often cites their falling wages and declining participation in the labor force. Most research describing these trends, however, focuses primarily on men, failing to account for the fact that less-skilled women's real wages have not fallen, and their labor force participation has actually risen. Rebecca M. Blank and Heidi Shierholz address this topic by breaking down labor market outcomes over the last 25 years by gender and skill level, and exploring possible reasons why less-skilled women might have fared better than less-skilled men in recent decades. Their findings include: Over the last 25 years, women's labor force participation rose steeply while men's fell slightly. This pattern is true among both more and less skilled women. Over the same time period, the male/female wage gap also narrowed. The relationship between education or experience and labor market outcomes has changed. For less-skilled women, the benefit from having additional years of education or experience has improved, and the negative consequences of family and children have lessened. Less-skilled women have benefited from these changes relative to less-skilled men, even while losing ground to more-skilled women. Hence, less-skilled women have occupied an intermediate place in the labor market, doing better than equivalent men but not as well as their more-educated sisters. (Contains 2 figures.) [This paper was prepared from a paper by Rebecca Blank and Heidi Shierholz.].
Book Synopsis Women's Work and Wages by : Christina Jonung
Download or read book Women's Work and Wages written by Christina Jonung and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when women in industrialized countries have a stronger and more permanent presence in the labour market than ever before, why does the gender pay gap differ so greatly between countries? The contributors to this book use empirical studies of gender differences in family responsibilities and time allocation to demonstrate how such differences affect women's wages and analyse pay structures and wage mobility throughout Europe.
Book Synopsis Differences and Changes in Wage Structures by : Richard B. Freeman
Download or read book Differences and Changes in Wage Structures written by Richard B. Freeman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past two decades, wages of skilled workers in the United States rose while those of unskilled workers fell; less-educated young men in particular have suffered unprecedented losses in real earnings. These twelve original essays explore whether this trend is unique to the United States or is part of a general growth in inequality in advanced countries. Focusing on labor market institutions and the supply and demand forces that affect wages, the papers compare patterns of earnings inequality and pay differentials in the United States, Australia, Korea, Japan, Western Europe, and the changing economies of Eastern Europe. Cross-country studies examine issues such as managerial compensation, gender differences in earnings, and the relationship of pay to regional unemployment. From this rich store of data, the contributors attribute changes in relative wages and unemployment among countries both to differences in labor market institutions and training and education systems, and to long-term shifts in supply and demand for skilled workers. These shifts are driven in part by skill-biased technological change and the growing internationalization of advanced industrial economies.
Book Synopsis Working and Poor by : Rebecca M. Blank
Download or read book Working and Poor written by Rebecca M. Blank and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last three decades, large-scale economic developments, such as technological change, the decline in unionization, and changing skill requirements, have exacted their biggest toll on low-wage workers. These workers often possess few marketable skills and few resources with which to support themselves during periods of economic transition. In this book a group of economists and policy experts examine how economic and policy changes over the last twenty-five years have affected the well-being of low-wage workers and their families. This book explores every facet of the economic well-being of less-skilled workers, from employment and earnings opportunities to consumption behavior and social assistance policies.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by : Susan L. Averett
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
Book Synopsis Gender in the Labor Market by : Solomon W. Polachek
Download or read book Gender in the Labor Market written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2015-08-20 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why in 2015 are there still large gender differences in economic success? This volume consists of a set of state of the art research articles to answer this question. Focus areas include educational attainment, financial risk management, bargaining power, social mobility, and intergenerational transfers in the US and abroad.
Book Synopsis Gender Wage Differentials, Affirmative Action, and Employment Growth on the Industry Level by : Judith Fields
Download or read book Gender Wage Differentials, Affirmative Action, and Employment Growth on the Industry Level written by Judith Fields and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sex Discrimination in the Labor Market by : Joni Hersch
Download or read book Sex Discrimination in the Labor Market written by Joni Hersch and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2006 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women have made huge advances relative to men in the labor force, occupational status, and educational attainment, but women continue to earn less than men. While the gender pay gap has narrowed, a substantial gap remains. Sex Discrimination in the Labor Market examines sources of this pay disparity and the factors that contribute to this gap. Whether sex discrimination plays a role in the gender pay gap is a topic of considerable debate. Many researchers question the role of discrimination and attribute the residual pay gap to gender differences in preferences, especially with respect to balancing work with family responsibilities. Sex Discrimination in the Labor Market shows that sex discrimination contributes to the unexplained gender pay gap, which is consistent with high profile sex discrimination litigation suggesting continuing bias in the labor market on the basis of sex.
Book Synopsis Gender, Work and Wages in Industrial Revolution Britain by : Joyce Burnette
Download or read book Gender, Work and Wages in Industrial Revolution Britain written by Joyce Burnette and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-17 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major study of the role of women in the labour market of Industrial Revolution Britain. It is well known that men and women usually worked in different occupations, and that women earned lower wages than men. These differences are usually attributed to custom but Joyce Burnette here demonstrates instead that gender differences in occupations and wages were instead largely driven by market forces. Her findings reveal that rather than harming women competition actually helped them by eroding the power that male workers needed to restrict female employment and minimising the gender wage gap by sorting women into the least strength-intensive occupations. Where the strength requirements of an occupation made women less productive than men, occupational segregation maximised both economic efficiency and female incomes. She shows that women's wages were then market wages rather than customary and the gender wage gap resulted from actual differences in productivity.
Book Synopsis From Scarcity to Visibility by : National Research Council
Download or read book From Scarcity to Visibility written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-11-16 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although women have made important inroads in science and engineering since the early 1970s, their progress in these fields has stalled over the past several years. This study looks at women in science and engineering careers in the 1970s and 1980s, documenting differences in career outcomes between men and women and between women of different races and ethnic backgrounds. The panel presents what is known about the following questions and explores their policy implications: In what sectors are female Ph.D.s employed? What salary disparities exist between men and women in these fields? How is marital status associated with career attainment? Does it help a career to have a postdoctoral appointment? How well are female scientists and engineers represented in management? Within the broader context of education and the labor market, the book provides detailed comparisons between men and women Ph.D.s in a number of measures: financial support for education, academic rank achieved, salary, and others. The study covers engineering; the mathematical, physical, life, and social and behavioral sciences; medical school faculty; and recipients of National Institutes of Health grants. Findings and recommendations in this volume will be of interest to practitioners, faculty, and students in science and engineering as well as education administrators, employers, and researchers in these fields.
Book Synopsis Exploring the Reasons Behind the Narrowing Gender Gap in Earnings by : Elaine Joy Sorensen
Download or read book Exploring the Reasons Behind the Narrowing Gender Gap in Earnings written by Elaine Joy Sorensen and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 1991 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gender, Technology, and the Future of Work by : Mariya Brussevich
Download or read book Gender, Technology, and the Future of Work written by Mariya Brussevich and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New technologies?digitalization, artificial intelligence, and machine learning?are changing the way work gets done at an unprecedented rate. Helping people adapt to a fast-changing world of work and ameliorating its deleterious impacts will be the defining challenge of our time. What are the gender implications of this changing nature of work? How vulnerable are women’s jobs to risk of displacement by technology? What policies are needed to ensure that technological change supports a closing, and not a widening, of gender gaps? This SDN finds that women, on average, perform more routine tasks than men across all sectors and occupations?tasks that are most prone to automation. Given the current state of technology, we estimate that 26 million female jobs in 30 countries (28 OECD member countries, Cyprus, and Singapore) are at a high risk of being displaced by technology (i.e., facing higher than 70 percent likelihood of being automated) within the next two decades. Female workers face a higher risk of automation compared to male workers (11 percent of the female workforce, relative to 9 percent of the male workforce), albeit with significant heterogeneity across sectors and countries. Less well-educated and older female workers (aged 40 and above), as well as those in low-skill clerical, service, and sales positions are disproportionately exposed to automation. Extrapolating our results, we find that around 180 million female jobs are at high risk of being displaced globally. Policies are needed to endow women with required skills; close gender gaps in leadership positions; bridge digital gender divide (as ongoing digital transformation could confer greater flexibility in work, benefiting women); ease transitions for older and low-skilled female workers.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on the Economics of Labor and Employment Law by : Michael L. Wachter
Download or read book Research Handbook on the Economics of Labor and Employment Law written by Michael L. Wachter and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ÔWachter and Estlund have assembled a feast on the economic analysis of issues in labor and employment law for scholars and policy-makers. The volume begins with foundational discussions of the economic analysis of the individual employment relationship and collective bargaining. It then progresses to discussions of the theoretical and empirical work on a wide range of important labor and employment law topics including: union organizing and employee choice, the impact of unions on firm and economic performance, the impact of unions on the enforcement of legal rights, just cause for dismissal, covenants not to compete and employment discrimination. Anyone who wants to study what economists have to say on these topics would do well to begin with this collection.Õ Ð Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Indiana University Bloomington School of Law, US This Research Handbook assembles the original work of leading legal and economic scholars, working in a variety of traditions and methodologies, on the economic analysis of labor and employment law. In addition to surveying the current state of the art on the economics of labor markets and employment relations, the volumeÕs 16 chapters assess aspects of traditional labor law and union organizing, the law governing the employment contract and termination of employment, employment discrimination and other employer mandates, restrictions on employee mobility, and the forum and remedies for labor and employment claims. Comprising a variety of approaches, the Research Handbook on the Economics of Labor and Employment Law will appeal to legal scholars in labor and employment law, industrial relations scholars and labor economists.
Book Synopsis Relative Wage Trends, Women's Work, and Family Income by : Chinhui Juhn
Download or read book Relative Wage Trends, Women's Work, and Family Income written by Chinhui Juhn and published by A E I Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
