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Explaining The Gender Gap In Profits Among Entrepreneurs In Malawi
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Book Synopsis Explaining the gender gap in profits among entrepreneurs in Malawi by : Duval-Diop, Dominique
Download or read book Explaining the gender gap in profits among entrepreneurs in Malawi written by Duval-Diop, Dominique and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-04-09 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we utilize decomposition methods to document the extent and drivers of the performance gap in Malawi between firms with a female owner and firms with a male owner. We find that, on average, male-owned businesses in Malawi earn profits more than double (120%) those of female-owned businesses. We use Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder (KOB) mean-decomposition techniques and recentered influence function (RIF) regressions applied along the earnings distribution, coupled with data from a novel multi-topic household survey rich in details about entrepreneurship, to identify what proportion of the gender gap in business profits can be attributed to: (i) differences in average characteristics of profit-generating factors (composition effect) and (ii) gender differences in the returns to these factors (structure effect). We find that 59.8% of the mean gender gap is explained by gender differences in the levels of observable attributes, with the remaining 40.2% attributable to the lower returns to observable attributes obtained by female owners, i.e., female structural disadvantage. The composition effect is primarily driven by female owners’ role as the primary caregiver in most households and a lack of capital. The female structural disadvantage can largely be attributed to female owners’ heightened perception of sexual hostility in the work environment and non-cognitive skills related to entrepreneurship (perseverance in challenging tasks and environments, optimism, and passion for work). When looking along the distribution, capital stock appears to be a primary driver of the composition effect except in the bottom quintile of firms. In contrast, caregiving responsibilities are a driver of the composition effect in the bottom three quintiles only. Differences in the returns to capital appear to be a very significant driver of the female structural disadvantage in the bottom quintile.
Book Synopsis Explaining the Gender Gap in Profits Among Entrepreneurs in Malawi by : Dominique Duval-Diop
Download or read book Explaining the Gender Gap in Profits Among Entrepreneurs in Malawi written by Dominique Duval-Diop and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enterprising Women by : Mary Hallward-Driemeier
Download or read book Enterprising Women written by Mary Hallward-Driemeier and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together new household and enterprise data from 41 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to inform policy makers and practitioners on ways to expand women entrepreneurs’ economic opportunities. Sub-Saharan Africa boasts the highest share of women entrepreneurs, but they are disproportionately concentrated among the self-employed rather than employers. Relative to men, women are pursuing lower opportunity activities, with their enterprises more likely to be smaller, informal, and in low value-added lines of business. The challenge in expanding opportunities is not helping more women become entrepreneurs but enabling them to shift to higher return activities. A central question addressed in the book is what explains the gender sorting in the types of enterprises that women and men run? The analysis shows that many Sub-Saharan countries present a challenging environment for women. Four key areas of the agenda for expanding women’s economic opportunities in Africa are analyzed: strengthening women’s property rights and their ability to control assets; improving women’s access to finance; building human capital in business skills and networks; and strengthening women’s voices in business environment reform. These areas are important both because they have wide gender gaps and because they help explain gender differences in entrepreneurial activities. It is particularly striking that while gender gaps in education tend to close with higher incomes, gaps in women’s property rights and in women’s participation in reform processes do not. As simply raising a country’s income is unlikely to be sufficient to give women equal ability to control assets or have greater voice, more proactive steps will be needed. Practical guidelines to move the agenda forward are discussed for each of these key areas.
Book Synopsis Closing Gender Gaps in India: Does Increasing Womens’ Access to Finance Help? by : Purva Khera
Download or read book Closing Gender Gaps in India: Does Increasing Womens’ Access to Finance Help? written by Purva Khera and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender gaps in womens’ economic opportunities—labor market and entrepreneurship—have remained high in India. Lack of adequate collateral limits women entrepreneurs’ ability to access formal finance, leaving them to rely on informal sources, constraining their growth. A small-open economy DSGE model is built to investigate the long-run macroeconomic impacts from closing gender gaps in financial access. Results suggest that an increase in women entrepreneurs access to formal credit results in higher female entrepreneurship and employment, which boosts India’s output by 1.6 percent. However, regulations and gender-specific constraints in the labor market limit potential gains as females’ access to quality jobs in the formal sector remains restricted. The paper shows that the factors influencing the number of females are different from those influencing the share of females in formal economic activity. Combining gender-targeted financial inclusion policies with policies that lower constraints on formal sector employment could boost India’s output by 6.8 percent.
Book Synopsis Women and Trade by : World Bank;World Trade Organization
Download or read book Women and Trade written by World Bank;World Trade Organization and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.
Author :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Publisher :Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development ISBN 13 : Total Pages :276 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Women Entrepreneurs in SMEs by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Download or read book Women Entrepreneurs in SMEs written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2001-06-11 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference proceedings shows how women-owned SMEs can seize the opportunities offered by globalisation, ICTs, changes in firm organisation, the increasing importance of the service sector, and other current developments.
Book Synopsis Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth by : Raquel Fernández
Download or read book Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth written by Raquel Fernández and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.
Download or read book Doing Business 2011 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-11-03 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighth in a series of annual reports comparing business regulations in 183 economies, Doing Business 2011 measures regulations affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, employing workers, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, and closing a business. The report updates all 10 sets of indicators, ranks countries on their overall ease of doing business and analyzes reforms to business regulation- identifying which countries are improving strengthening their business environment the most and which ones slipped. Doing Business 2011 includes results on the ongoing research in the area of "getting electricity" and illustrates how reforms in business regulations can translate into better outcomes for domestic entrepreneurs and the wider economy. It also focuses on how women in particular are affected by complex business regulations.
Book Synopsis Women, Business and the Law 2018 by : World Bank Group
Download or read book Women, Business and the Law 2018 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-04-11 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can governments ensure that women have the same employment and entrepreneurship opportunities as men? One important step is to level the legal playing field so that the rules for operating in the worlds of work and business apply equally regardless of gender. Women, Business and the Law 2018, the fifth edition in a series, examines laws affecting women’s economic inclusion in 189 economies worldwide. It tracks progress that has been made over the past two years while identifying opportunities for reform to ensure economic empowerment for all. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2017 and explores new areas of research, including financial inclusion.
Book Synopsis The Missing Entrepreneurs 2014 Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship in Europe by : OECD
Download or read book The Missing Entrepreneurs 2014 Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship in Europe written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Missing Entrepreneurs 2014 is the second edition in a series of annual reports that provide data and policy analysis on inclusive entrepreneurship, and on its barriers, by target social groups across the European Union.
Book Synopsis Women, Business and the Law 2021 by : World Bank
Download or read book Women, Business and the Law 2021 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-04-05 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women, Business and the Law 2021 is the seventh in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. This year’s report updates all indicators as of October 1, 2020 and builds evidence of the links between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law 2021 makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment. Prepared during a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, this edition also includes important findings on government responses to COVID-19 and pilot research related to childcare and women’s access to justice.
Book Synopsis OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Policies through a Gender Lens by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Policies through a Gender Lens written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-05-17 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines how to strengthen the scope and effectiveness of entrepreneurship policies for women. It examines both dedicated measures for women and ensuring that mainstream policies for all entrepreneurs are appropriate for women. Evidence is offered on the gender gap in entrepreneurship and its causes.
Book Synopsis Empowering Women by : Mary Hallward-Driemeier
Download or read book Empowering Women written by Mary Hallward-Driemeier and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-10-04 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides compelling evidence from 42 Sub-Saharan African countries that gender gaps in legal capacity and property rights need to be addressed in terms of substance, enforcement, awareness, and access if economic opportunities for women in Sub-Saharan Africa are to continue to expand.
Download or read book Cracking the code written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report aims to 'crack the code' by deciphering the factors that hinder and facilitate girls' and women's participation, achievement and continuation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and, in particular, what the education sector can do to promote girls' and women's interest in and engagement with STEM education and ultimately STEM careers.
Book Synopsis China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.
Book Synopsis The Rise of Women Entrepreneurs by : Jeanne Coughlin
Download or read book The Rise of Women Entrepreneurs written by Jeanne Coughlin and published by Praeger. This book was released on 2002-10-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 40% of all U.S. businesses are women-owned, and by 2025 the Census Bureau projects it will rise to 55%. The trend is new, dating back just to the 1980s, but its impact is already felt. Not only are women achieving empowerment and bettering their lives in many different ways, but the beneficial affect on the economic well-being of the entire country is also clear. Coughlin examines the fundamental problems that face women entrepreneurs globally; identifies, documents, and explains how they cope with and solve them; profiles the more successful entrepreneurs today and explains how they got where they are; and delineates the traits of the successful entrepreneur. Research-based, well written, with a useful list of organizations that offer help to owners and prospective owners of new businesses, plus real life accounts that get to the heart of what it takes to succeed as an entrepreneur, Coughlin's book is welcome, necessary reading for anyone fascinated by business--and eager to create a business of one's own.
Book Synopsis Gender Budgets Make More Cents by : Debbie Budlender
Download or read book Gender Budgets Make More Cents written by Debbie Budlender and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2002 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprises ten papers which document "good practice" in gender budget work from across the globe.
