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Explainable Natural Language Processing
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Book Synopsis Explainable Natural Language Processing by : Anders Søgaard
Download or read book Explainable Natural Language Processing written by Anders Søgaard and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2021-09-22 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a taxonomy framework and survey of methods relevant to explaining the decisions and analyzing the inner workings of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. The book is intended to provide a snapshot of Explainable NLP, though the field continues to rapidly grow. The book is intended to be both readable by first-year M.Sc. students and interesting to an expert audience. The book opens by motivating a focus on providing a consistent taxonomy, pointing out inconsistencies and redundancies in previous taxonomies. It goes on to present (i) a taxonomy or framework for thinking about how approaches to explainable NLP relate to one another; (ii) brief surveys of each of the classes in the taxonomy, with a focus on methods that are relevant for NLP; and (iii) a discussion of the inherent limitations of some classes of methods, as well as how to best evaluate them. Finally, the book closes by providing a list of resources for further research on explainability.
Book Synopsis Transformers for Natural Language Processing by : Denis Rothman
Download or read book Transformers for Natural Language Processing written by Denis Rothman and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher's Note: A new edition of this book is out now that includes working with GPT-3 and comparing the results with other models. It includes even more use cases, such as casual language analysis and computer vision tasks, as well as an introduction to OpenAI's Codex. Key FeaturesBuild and implement state-of-the-art language models, such as the original Transformer, BERT, T5, and GPT-2, using concepts that outperform classical deep learning modelsGo through hands-on applications in Python using Google Colaboratory Notebooks with nothing to install on a local machineTest transformer models on advanced use casesBook Description The transformer architecture has proved to be revolutionary in outperforming the classical RNN and CNN models in use today. With an apply-as-you-learn approach, Transformers for Natural Language Processing investigates in vast detail the deep learning for machine translations, speech-to-text, text-to-speech, language modeling, question answering, and many more NLP domains with transformers. The book takes you through NLP with Python and examines various eminent models and datasets within the transformer architecture created by pioneers such as Google, Facebook, Microsoft, OpenAI, and Hugging Face. The book trains you in three stages. The first stage introduces you to transformer architectures, starting with the original transformer, before moving on to RoBERTa, BERT, and DistilBERT models. You will discover training methods for smaller transformers that can outperform GPT-3 in some cases. In the second stage, you will apply transformers for Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG). Finally, the third stage will help you grasp advanced language understanding techniques such as optimizing social network datasets and fake news identification. By the end of this NLP book, you will understand transformers from a cognitive science perspective and be proficient in applying pretrained transformer models by tech giants to various datasets. What you will learnUse the latest pretrained transformer modelsGrasp the workings of the original Transformer, GPT-2, BERT, T5, and other transformer modelsCreate language understanding Python programs using concepts that outperform classical deep learning modelsUse a variety of NLP platforms, including Hugging Face, Trax, and AllenNLPApply Python, TensorFlow, and Keras programs to sentiment analysis, text summarization, speech recognition, machine translations, and moreMeasure the productivity of key transformers to define their scope, potential, and limits in productionWho this book is for Since the book does not teach basic programming, you must be familiar with neural networks, Python, PyTorch, and TensorFlow in order to learn their implementation with Transformers. Readers who can benefit the most from this book include experienced deep learning & NLP practitioners and data analysts & data scientists who want to process the increasing amounts of language-driven data.
Book Synopsis Explainable Natural Language Processing by : Anders Søgaard
Download or read book Explainable Natural Language Processing written by Anders Søgaard and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a taxonomy framework and survey of methods relevant to explaining the decisions and analyzing the inner workings of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. The book is intended to provide a snapshot of Explainable NLP, though the field continues to rapidly grow. The book is intended to be both readable by first-year M.Sc. students and interesting to an expert audience. The book opens by motivating a focus on providing a consistent taxonomy, pointing out inconsistencies and redundancies in previous taxonomies. It goes on to present (i) a taxonomy or framework for thinking about how approaches to explainable NLP relate to one another; (ii) brief surveys of each of the classes in the taxonomy, with a focus on methods that are relevant for NLP; and (iii) a discussion of the inherent limitations of some classes of methods, as well as how to best evaluate them. Finally, the book closes by providing a list of resources for further research on explainability.
Book Synopsis Hands-On Explainable AI (XAI) with Python by : Denis Rothman
Download or read book Hands-On Explainable AI (XAI) with Python written by Denis Rothman and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resolve the black box models in your AI applications to make them fair, trustworthy, and secure. Familiarize yourself with the basic principles and tools to deploy Explainable AI (XAI) into your apps and reporting interfaces. Key FeaturesLearn explainable AI tools and techniques to process trustworthy AI resultsUnderstand how to detect, handle, and avoid common issues with AI ethics and biasIntegrate fair AI into popular apps and reporting tools to deliver business value using Python and associated toolsBook Description Effectively translating AI insights to business stakeholders requires careful planning, design, and visualization choices. Describing the problem, the model, and the relationships among variables and their findings are often subtle, surprising, and technically complex. Hands-On Explainable AI (XAI) with Python will see you work with specific hands-on machine learning Python projects that are strategically arranged to enhance your grasp on AI results analysis. You will be building models, interpreting results with visualizations, and integrating XAI reporting tools and different applications. You will build XAI solutions in Python, TensorFlow 2, Google Cloud’s XAI platform, Google Colaboratory, and other frameworks to open up the black box of machine learning models. The book will introduce you to several open-source XAI tools for Python that can be used throughout the machine learning project life cycle. You will learn how to explore machine learning model results, review key influencing variables and variable relationships, detect and handle bias and ethics issues, and integrate predictions using Python along with supporting the visualization of machine learning models into user explainable interfaces. By the end of this AI book, you will possess an in-depth understanding of the core concepts of XAI. What you will learnPlan for XAI through the different stages of the machine learning life cycleEstimate the strengths and weaknesses of popular open-source XAI applicationsExamine how to detect and handle bias issues in machine learning dataReview ethics considerations and tools to address common problems in machine learning dataShare XAI design and visualization best practicesIntegrate explainable AI results using Python modelsUse XAI toolkits for Python in machine learning life cycles to solve business problemsWho this book is for This book is not an introduction to Python programming or machine learning concepts. You must have some foundational knowledge and/or experience with machine learning libraries such as scikit-learn to make the most out of this book. Some of the potential readers of this book include: Professionals who already use Python for as data science, machine learning, research, and analysisData analysts and data scientists who want an introduction into explainable AI tools and techniquesAI Project managers who must face the contractual and legal obligations of AI Explainability for the acceptance phase of their applications
Book Synopsis Explainable AI with Python by : Leonida Gianfagna
Download or read book Explainable AI with Python written by Leonida Gianfagna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a full presentation of the current concepts and available techniques to make “machine learning” systems more explainable. The approaches presented can be applied to almost all the current “machine learning” models: linear and logistic regression, deep learning neural networks, natural language processing and image recognition, among the others. Progress in Machine Learning is increasing the use of artificial agents to perform critical tasks previously handled by humans (healthcare, legal and finance, among others). While the principles that guide the design of these agents are understood, most of the current deep-learning models are "opaque" to human understanding. Explainable AI with Python fills the current gap in literature on this emerging topic by taking both a theoretical and a practical perspective, making the reader quickly capable of working with tools and code for Explainable AI. Beginning with examples of what Explainable AI (XAI) is and why it is needed in the field, the book details different approaches to XAI depending on specific context and need. Hands-on work on interpretable models with specific examples leveraging Python are then presented, showing how intrinsic interpretable models can be interpreted and how to produce “human understandable” explanations. Model-agnostic methods for XAI are shown to produce explanations without relying on ML models internals that are “opaque.” Using examples from Computer Vision, the authors then look at explainable models for Deep Learning and prospective methods for the future. Taking a practical perspective, the authors demonstrate how to effectively use ML and XAI in science. The final chapter explains Adversarial Machine Learning and how to do XAI with adversarial examples.
Book Synopsis Practical Natural Language Processing by : Sowmya Vajjala
Download or read book Practical Natural Language Processing written by Sowmya Vajjala and published by O'Reilly Media. This book was released on 2020-06-17 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many books and courses tackle natural language processing (NLP) problems with toy use cases and well-defined datasets. But if you want to build, iterate, and scale NLP systems in a business setting and tailor them for particular industry verticals, this is your guide. Software engineers and data scientists will learn how to navigate the maze of options available at each step of the journey. Through the course of the book, authors Sowmya Vajjala, Bodhisattwa Majumder, Anuj Gupta, and Harshit Surana will guide you through the process of building real-world NLP solutions embedded in larger product setups. You’ll learn how to adapt your solutions for different industry verticals such as healthcare, social media, and retail. With this book, you’ll: Understand the wide spectrum of problem statements, tasks, and solution approaches within NLP Implement and evaluate different NLP applications using machine learning and deep learning methods Fine-tune your NLP solution based on your business problem and industry vertical Evaluate various algorithms and approaches for NLP product tasks, datasets, and stages Produce software solutions following best practices around release, deployment, and DevOps for NLP systems Understand best practices, opportunities, and the roadmap for NLP from a business and product leader’s perspective
Book Synopsis Natural Language Processing in Artificial Intelligence by : Brojo Kishore Mishra
Download or read book Natural Language Processing in Artificial Intelligence written by Brojo Kishore Mishra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-01 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on natural language processing, artificial intelligence, and allied areas. Natural language processing enables communication between people and computers and automatic translation to facilitate easy interaction with others around the world. This book discusses theoretical work and advanced applications, approaches, and techniques for computational models of information and how it is presented by language (artificial, human, or natural) in other ways. It looks at intelligent natural language processing and related models of thought, mental states, reasoning, and other cognitive processes. It explores the difficult problems and challenges related to partiality, underspecification, and context-dependency, which are signature features of information in nature and natural languages. Key features: Addresses the functional frameworks and workflow that are trending in NLP and AI Looks at the latest technologies and the major challenges, issues, and advances in NLP and AI Explores an intelligent field monitoring and automated system through AI with NLP and its implications for the real world Discusses data acquisition and presents a real-time case study with illustrations related to data-intensive technologies in AI and NLP.
Book Synopsis Interpretable Machine Learning by : Christoph Molnar
Download or read book Interpretable Machine Learning written by Christoph Molnar and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2020 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.
Book Synopsis Explainable Fuzzy Systems by : Jose Maria Alonso Moral
Download or read book Explainable Fuzzy Systems written by Jose Maria Alonso Moral and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-07 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of Trustworthy and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is recognized in academia, industry and society. This book introduces tools for dealing with imprecision and uncertainty in XAI applications where explanations are demanded, mainly in natural language. Design of Explainable Fuzzy Systems (EXFS) is rooted in Interpretable Fuzzy Systems, which are thoroughly covered in the book. The idea of interpretability in fuzzy systems, which is grounded on mathematical constraints and assessment functions, is firstly introduced. Then, design methodologies are described. Finally, the book shows with practical examples how to design EXFS from interpretable fuzzy systems and natural language generation. This approach is supported by open source software. The book is intended for researchers, students and practitioners who wish to explore EXFS from theoretical and practical viewpoints. The breadth of coverage will inspire novel applications and scientific advancements.
Book Synopsis Deep Learning in Gaming and Animations by : Vikas Chaudhary
Download or read book Deep Learning in Gaming and Animations written by Vikas Chaudhary and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, progress in deep learning has had a profound and transformational effect on many complex problems, including speech recognition, machine translation, natural language understanding, and computer vision. As a result, computers can now achieve human-competitive performance in a wide range of perception and recognition tasks. Many of these systems are now available to the programmer via a range of so-called cognitive services. More recently, deep reinforcement learning has achieved ground-breaking success in several complex challenges. This book makes an enormous contribution to this beautiful, vibrant area of study: an area that is developing rapidly both in breadth and depth. Deep learning can cope with a broader range of tasks (and perform those tasks to increasing levels of excellence). This book lays a good foundation for the core concepts and principles of deep learning in gaming and animation, walking you through the fundamental ideas with expert ease. This book progresses in a step-by-step manner. It reinforces theory with a full-fledged pedagogy designed to enhance students' understanding and offer them a practical insight into its applications. Also, some chapters introduce and cover novel ideas about how artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning, and machine learning have changed the world in gaming and animation. It gives us the idea that AI can also be applied in gaming, and there are limited textbooks in this area. This book comprehensively addresses all the aspects of AI and deep learning in gaming. Also, each chapter follows a similar structure so that students, teachers, and industry experts can orientate themselves within the text. There are few books in the field of gaming using AI. Deep Learning in Gaming and Animations teaches you how to apply the power of deep learning to build complex reasoning tasks. After being exposed to the foundations of machine and deep learning, you will use Python to build a bot and then teach it the game's rules. This book also focuses on how different technologies have revolutionized gaming and animation with various illustrations.
Book Synopsis Practical Explainable AI Using Python by : Pradeepta Mishra
Download or read book Practical Explainable AI Using Python written by Pradeepta Mishra and published by Apress. This book was released on 2021-12-15 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the ins and outs of decisions, biases, and reliability of AI algorithms and how to make sense of these predictions. This book explores the so-called black-box models to boost the adaptability, interpretability, and explainability of the decisions made by AI algorithms using frameworks such as Python XAI libraries, TensorFlow 2.0+, Keras, and custom frameworks using Python wrappers. You'll begin with an introduction to model explainability and interpretability basics, ethical consideration, and biases in predictions generated by AI models. Next, you'll look at methods and systems to interpret linear, non-linear, and time-series models used in AI. The book will also cover topics ranging from interpreting to understanding how an AI algorithm makes a decision Further, you will learn the most complex ensemble models, explainability, and interpretability using frameworks such as Lime, SHAP, Skater, ELI5, etc. Moving forward, you will be introduced to model explainability for unstructured data, classification problems, and natural language processing–related tasks. Additionally, the book looks at counterfactual explanations for AI models. Practical Explainable AI Using Python shines the light on deep learning models, rule-based expert systems, and computer vision tasks using various XAI frameworks. What You'll Learn Review the different ways of making an AI model interpretable and explainable Examine the biasness and good ethical practices of AI models Quantify, visualize, and estimate reliability of AI models Design frameworks to unbox the black-box models Assess the fairness of AI models Understand the building blocks of trust in AI models Increase the level of AI adoption Who This Book Is For AI engineers, data scientists, and software developers involved in driving AI projects/ AI products.
Book Synopsis Knowledge Graphs for eXplainable Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Applications and Challenges by : I. Tiddi
Download or read book Knowledge Graphs for eXplainable Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Applications and Challenges written by I. Tiddi and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2020-05-06 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest advances in Artificial Intelligence and (deep) Machine Learning in particular revealed a major drawback of modern intelligent systems, namely the inability to explain their decisions in a way that humans can easily understand. While eXplainable AI rapidly became an active area of research in response to this need for improved understandability and trustworthiness, the field of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR) has on the other hand a long-standing tradition in managing information in a symbolic, human-understandable form. This book provides the first comprehensive collection of research contributions on the role of knowledge graphs for eXplainable AI (KG4XAI), and the papers included here present academic and industrial research focused on the theory, methods and implementations of AI systems that use structured knowledge to generate reliable explanations. Introductory material on knowledge graphs is included for those readers with only a minimal background in the field, as well as specific chapters devoted to advanced methods, applications and case-studies that use knowledge graphs as a part of knowledge-based, explainable systems (KBX-systems). The final chapters explore current challenges and future research directions in the area of knowledge graphs for eXplainable AI. The book not only provides a scholarly, state-of-the-art overview of research in this subject area, but also fosters the hybrid combination of symbolic and subsymbolic AI methods, and will be of interest to all those working in the field.
Book Synopsis Explainable AI: Interpreting, Explaining and Visualizing Deep Learning by : Wojciech Samek
Download or read book Explainable AI: Interpreting, Explaining and Visualizing Deep Learning written by Wojciech Samek and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of “intelligent” systems that can take decisions and perform autonomously might lead to faster and more consistent decisions. A limiting factor for a broader adoption of AI technology is the inherent risks that come with giving up human control and oversight to “intelligent” machines. For sensitive tasks involving critical infrastructures and affecting human well-being or health, it is crucial to limit the possibility of improper, non-robust and unsafe decisions and actions. Before deploying an AI system, we see a strong need to validate its behavior, and thus establish guarantees that it will continue to perform as expected when deployed in a real-world environment. In pursuit of that objective, ways for humans to verify the agreement between the AI decision structure and their own ground-truth knowledge have been explored. Explainable AI (XAI) has developed as a subfield of AI, focused on exposing complex AI models to humans in a systematic and interpretable manner. The 22 chapters included in this book provide a timely snapshot of algorithms, theory, and applications of interpretable and explainable AI and AI techniques that have been proposed recently reflecting the current discourse in this field and providing directions of future development. The book is organized in six parts: towards AI transparency; methods for interpreting AI systems; explaining the decisions of AI systems; evaluating interpretability and explanations; applications of explainable AI; and software for explainable AI.
Book Synopsis Accountable and Explainable Methods for Complex Reasoning over Text by : Pepa Atanasova
Download or read book Accountable and Explainable Methods for Complex Reasoning over Text written by Pepa Atanasova and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Explainable Artificial Intelligence by : Luca Longo
Download or read book Explainable Artificial Intelligence written by Luca Longo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-05 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-volume set constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First World Conference on Explainable Artificial Intelligence, xAI 2023, held in Lisbon, Portugal, in July 2023. The 94 papers presented were thoroughly reviewed and selected from the 220 qualified submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Interdisciplinary perspectives, approaches and strategies for xAI; Model-agnostic explanations, methods and techniques for xAI, Causality and Explainable AI; Explainable AI in Finance, cybersecurity, health-care and biomedicine. Part II: Surveys, benchmarks, visual representations and applications for xAI; xAI for decision-making and human-AI collaboration, for Machine Learning on Graphs with Ontologies and Graph Neural Networks; Actionable eXplainable AI, Semantics and explainability, and Explanations for Advice-Giving Systems. Part III: xAI for time series and Natural Language Processing; Human-centered explanations and xAI for Trustworthy and Responsible AI; Explainable and Interpretable AI with Argumentation, Representational Learning and concept extraction for xAI.
Book Synopsis Explainable AI for Practitioners by : Michael Munn
Download or read book Explainable AI for Practitioners written by Michael Munn and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most intermediate-level machine learning books focus on how to optimize models by increasing accuracy or decreasing prediction error. But this approach often overlooks the importance of understanding why and how your ML model makes the predictions that it does. Explainability methods provide an essential toolkit for better understanding model behavior, and this practical guide brings together best-in-class techniques for model explainability. Experienced machine learning engineers and data scientists will learn hands-on how these techniques work so that you'll be able to apply these tools more easily in your daily workflow. This essential book provides: A detailed look at some of the most useful and commonly used explainability techniques, highlighting pros and cons to help you choose the best tool for your needs Tips and best practices for implementing these techniques A guide to interacting with explainability and how to avoid common pitfalls The knowledge you need to incorporate explainability in your ML workflow to help build more robust ML systems Advice about explainable AI techniques, including how to apply techniques to models that consume tabular, image, or text data Example implementation code in Python using well-known explainability libraries for models built in Keras and TensorFlow 2.0, PyTorch, and HuggingFace
Book Synopsis Explainable and Interpretable Models in Computer Vision and Machine Learning by : Hugo Jair Escalante
Download or read book Explainable and Interpretable Models in Computer Vision and Machine Learning written by Hugo Jair Escalante and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles leading research on the development of explainable and interpretable machine learning methods in the context of computer vision and machine learning. Research progress in computer vision and pattern recognition has led to a variety of modeling techniques with almost human-like performance. Although these models have obtained astounding results, they are limited in their explainability and interpretability: what is the rationale behind the decision made? what in the model structure explains its functioning? Hence, while good performance is a critical required characteristic for learning machines, explainability and interpretability capabilities are needed to take learning machines to the next step to include them in decision support systems involving human supervision. This book, written by leading international researchers, addresses key topics of explainability and interpretability, including the following: · Evaluation and Generalization in Interpretable Machine Learning · Explanation Methods in Deep Learning · Learning Functional Causal Models with Generative Neural Networks · Learning Interpreatable Rules for Multi-Label Classification · Structuring Neural Networks for More Explainable Predictions · Generating Post Hoc Rationales of Deep Visual Classification Decisions · Ensembling Visual Explanations · Explainable Deep Driving by Visualizing Causal Attention · Interdisciplinary Perspective on Algorithmic Job Candidate Search · Multimodal Personality Trait Analysis for Explainable Modeling of Job Interview Decisions · Inherent Explainability Pattern Theory-based Video Event Interpretations
