Experts Social Scientists And Techniques Of Prognosis In Cold War America

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Experts, Social Scientists, and Techniques of Prognosis in Cold War America

Author : Christian Dayé
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030327817
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Experts, Social Scientists, and Techniques of Prognosis in Cold War America by : Christian Dayé

Download or read book Experts, Social Scientists, and Techniques of Prognosis in Cold War America written by Christian Dayé and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how Cold War researchers used expert opinions to construct foreknowledge of geopolitical relevance. Focusing on the RAND Corporation, an American think tank with close relations to the armed forces, Dayé analyses the development of two techniques of prognosis, the Delphi technique and Political Gaming. Based on archival research and interviews, the chapters explore the history of this series of experiments to understand how contemporary social scientists conceived of one of the core categories of the Cold War, the expert, and uncover the systematic use of expert opinions to craft prognoses. This consideration of the expert’s role in Cold War society and what that can tell us about the role of the expert today will be of interest to students and scholars across the history of science, the sociology of knowledge, future studies, the history of the Cold War, social science methodology, and social policy.

Armed with Expertise

Author : Joy Rohde
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801469597
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Armed with Expertise by : Joy Rohde

Download or read book Armed with Expertise written by Joy Rohde and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the height of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Pentagon launched a controversial counterinsurgency program called the Human Terrain System. The program embedded social scientists within military units to provide commanders with information about the cultures and grievances of local populations. Yet the controversy it inspired was not new. Decades earlier, similar national security concerns brought the Department of Defense and American social scientists together in the search for intellectual weapons that could combat the spread of communism during the Cold War. In Armed with Expertise, Joy Rohde traces the optimistic rise, anguished fall, and surprising rebirth of Cold War–era military-sponsored social research. Seeking expert knowledge that would enable the United States to contain communism, the Pentagon turned to social scientists. Beginning in the 1950s, political scientists, social psychologists, and anthropologists optimistically applied their expertise to military problems, convinced that their work would enhance democracy around the world. As Rohde shows, by the late 1960s, a growing number of scholars and activists condemned Pentagon-funded social scientists as handmaidens of a technocratic warfare state and sought to eliminate military-sponsored research from American intellectual life. But the Pentagon’s social research projects had remarkable institutional momentum and intellectual flexibility. Instead of severing their ties to the military, the Pentagon’s experts relocated to a burgeoning network of private consulting agencies and for-profit research offices. Now shielded from public scrutiny, they continued to influence national security affairs. They also diversified their portfolios to include the study of domestic problems, including urban violence and racial conflict. In examining the controversies over Cold War social science, Rohde reveals the persistent militarization of American political and intellectual life, a phenomenon that continues to raise grave questions about the relationship between expert knowledge and American democracy.

Cold War Social Science

Author : Mark Solovey
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030702464
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold War Social Science by : Mark Solovey

Download or read book Cold War Social Science written by Mark Solovey and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how the social sciences became entangled with the global Cold War. While duly recognizing the realities of nation states, national power, and national aspirations, the studies gathered here open up new lines of transnational investigation. Considering developments in a wide array of fields – anthropology, development studies, economics, education, political science, psychology, science studies, and sociology – that involved the movement of people, projects, funding, and ideas across diverse national contexts, this volume pushes scholars to rethink certain fundamental points about how we should understand – and thus how we should study – Cold War social science itself.

Shaky Foundations

Author : Mark Solovey
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813554667
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Shaky Foundations by : Mark Solovey

Download or read book Shaky Foundations written by Mark Solovey and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-08 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous popular and scholarly accounts have exposed the deep impact of patrons on the production of scientific knowledge and its applications. Shaky Foundations provides the first extensive examination of a new patronage system for the social sciences that emerged in the early Cold War years and took more definite shape during the 1950s and early 1960s, a period of enormous expansion in American social science. By focusing on the military, the Ford Foundation, and the National Science Foundation, Mark Solovey shows how this patronage system presented social scientists and other interested parties, including natural scientists and politicians, with new opportunities to work out the scientific identity, social implications, and public policy uses of academic social research. Solovey also examines significant criticisms of the new patronage system, which contributed to widespread efforts to rethink and reshape the politics-patronage-social science nexus starting in the mid-1960s. Based on extensive archival research, Shaky Foundations addresses fundamental questions about the intellectual foundations of the social sciences, their relationships with the natural sciences and the humanities, and the political and ideological import of academic social inquiry.

Cold War Social Science

Author : M. Solovey
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137013222
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold War Social Science by : M. Solovey

Download or read book Cold War Social Science written by M. Solovey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From World War II to the early 1970s, social science research expanded in dramatic and unprecedented fashion in the United States. This volume examines how, why, and with what consequences this rapid and yet contested expansion depended on the entanglement of the social sciences with the Cold War.

The Social Sciences in the Looking Glass

Author : Didier Fassin
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 1478024097
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Sciences in the Looking Glass by : Didier Fassin

Download or read book The Social Sciences in the Looking Glass written by Didier Fassin and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, social scientists have turned their critical lens on the historical roots and contours of their disciplines, including their politics and practices, epistemologies and methods, institutionalization and professionalization, national development and colonial expansion, globalization and local contestations, and public presence and role in society. The Social Sciences in the Looking Glass offers current social scientific perspectives on this reflexive moment. Examining sociology, anthropology, philosophy, political science, legal theory, and religious studies, the volume’s contributors outline the present transformations of the social sciences, explore their connections with critical humanities, analyze the challenges of alternate paradigms, and interrogate recent endeavors to move beyond the human. Throughout, the authors, who belong to half a dozen disciplines, trace how the social sciences are thoroughly entangled in the social facts they analyze and are key to helping us understand the conditions of our world. Contributors. Chitralekha, Jean-Louis Fabiani, Didier Fassin, Johan Heilbron, Miriam Kingsberg Kadia, Kristoffer Kropp, Nicolas Langlitz, John Lardas Modern, Álvaro Morcillo Laiz, Amín Pérez, Carel Smith, George Steinmetz, Peter D. Thomas, Bregje van Eekelen, Agata Zysiak

Routledge International Handbook of Contemporary Social and Political Theory

Author : Gerard Delanty
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000427196
Total Pages : 849 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Routledge International Handbook of Contemporary Social and Political Theory by : Gerard Delanty

Download or read book Routledge International Handbook of Contemporary Social and Political Theory written by Gerard Delanty and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The triangular relationship between the social, the political, and the cultural has opened up social and political theory to new challenges. The social can no longer be reduced to the category of society, and the political extends beyond the traditional concerns of the nature of the state and political authority. This Handbook will address a range of issues that have recently emerged from the disciplines of social and political theory, focusing on key themes as opposed to schools of thought or major theorists. It is divided into three sections which address: the most influential theoretical traditions that have emerged from the legacy of the twentieth century the most important new and emerging frameworks of analysis today the major theoretical problems in recent social and political theory The Second edition is an enlarged, revised, and updated version of the first edition, which was published in 2011 and comprised 42 chapters. The new edition consists of 50 chapters, of which seventeen are entirely new chapters covering topics that have become increasingly prominent in social and political theory in recent years, such as populism, the new materialism, postcolonialism, Deleuzean theory, post-humanism, post-capitalism as well as older topics that were not covered in the first edition, such as Arendt, the gift, critical realism, anarchism. All chapters retained from the first edition have been thoroughly revised and updated. The Routledge International Handbook of Contemporary Social and Political Theory encompasses the most up-to-date developments in contemporary social and political theory, and as such is an essential research tool for both undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as researchers working in the fields of political theory, social and political philosophy, contemporary social theory, and cultural theory.

Regenerative and Sustainable Futures for Latin America and the Caribbean

Author : Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 180117864X
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Regenerative and Sustainable Futures for Latin America and the Caribbean by : Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez

Download or read book Regenerative and Sustainable Futures for Latin America and the Caribbean written by Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regenerative and Sustainable Futures for Latin America and the Caribbean explores how to build sustainable futures for Latin America and the Caribbean, presents recommendations for policy and decision-makers to shape sustainable futures, and reflects on the value of collective action for a region that deserves a better tomorrow.

Dead Men’s Propaganda

Author : Terhi Rantanen
Publisher : LSE Press
ISBN 13 : 1911712195
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis Dead Men’s Propaganda by : Terhi Rantanen

Download or read book Dead Men’s Propaganda written by Terhi Rantanen and published by LSE Press. This book was released on 2024-05-07 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Dead Men’s Propaganda: Ideology and Utopia in Comparative Communications Studies, Terhi Rantanen investigates the shaping of early comparative communications research between the 1920s and 1950s, notably the work of academics and men of practice in the United States. Often neglected, this intellectual thread is highly relevant to understanding the 21st-century’s challenges of war and rival streams of propaganda. Borrowing her conceptual lenses from Karl Mannheim and Robert Merton, Rantanen draws on detailed archival research and case studies to analyse the extent and importance of work outside and inside the academy, illuminating the work of pioneers in the field. Some of these were well-known academics such as Harold Lasswell and the authors of the seminal book Four Theories of the Press. Others operated in the world of news agencies, such as Associated Press's Kent Cooper, or were marginalised as émigré scholars, notably Paul Kecskemeti and Nathan Leites. Her study shows how comparative communications, from its very beginning, can be understood as governed by the Mannheimian concepts of ideology and utopia and the power play between them. The close relationship between these two concepts resulted in a bias in knowledge production, contributed to dominant narratives of generational conflicts, and to the demarcation of Insiders and Outsiders. By focusing on a generation at the forefront of comparative communications at this pivotal time in the 20th century, this book challenges orthodoxies in the intellectual histories of communication studies.

Science, Cold War and the American State

Author : Allan A. Needell
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135852790
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Cold War and the American State by : Allan A. Needell

Download or read book Science, Cold War and the American State written by Allan A. Needell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illuminates how Berkner became a model that produced the scientist/advisor/policymaker that helped build post-war America. It does so by providing a detailed account of the personal and professional beliefs of one of the most influential figures in the American scientific community; a figure that helped define the political and social climates that existed in the United States during the Cold War.

The Will to Predict

Author : Eglė Rindzevičiūtė
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501769782
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Will to Predict by : Eglė Rindzevičiūtė

Download or read book The Will to Predict written by Eglė Rindzevičiūtė and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2023-05-15 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Will to Predict, Eglė Rindzevičiūtė demonstrates how the logic of scientific expertise cannot be properly understood without knowing the conceptual and institutional history of scientific prediction. She notes that predictions of future population, economic growth, environmental change, and scientific and technological innovation have shaped much of twentieth and twenty-first-century politics and social life, as well as government policies. Today, such predictions are more necessary than ever as the world undergoes dramatic environmental, political, and technological change. But, she asks, what does it mean to predict scientifically? What are the limits of scientific prediction and what are its effects on governance, institutions, and society? Her intellectual and political history of scientific prediction takes as its example twentieth-century USSR. By outlining the role of prediction in a range of governmental contexts, from economic and social planning to military strategy, she shows that the history of scientific prediction is a transnational one, part of the history of modern science and technology as well as governance. Going beyond the Soviet case, Rindzevičiūtė argues that scientific predictions are central for organizing uncertainty through the orchestration of knowledge and action. Bridging the fields of political sociology, organization studies, and history, The Will to Predict considers what makes knowledge scientific and how such knowledge has impacted late modern governance.

Science, Technology, and Democracy in the Cold War and After

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Technology, and Democracy in the Cold War and After by :

Download or read book Science, Technology, and Democracy in the Cold War and After written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Contours of America’s Cold War

Author : Matthew Farish
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452901120
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

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Book Synopsis The Contours of America’s Cold War by : Matthew Farish

Download or read book The Contours of America’s Cold War written by Matthew Farish and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Social Science Research and National Security

Author : Smithsonian Institution. Research Group in Psychology and the Social Sciences
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Social Science Research and National Security by : Smithsonian Institution. Research Group in Psychology and the Social Sciences

Download or read book Social Science Research and National Security written by Smithsonian Institution. Research Group in Psychology and the Social Sciences and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

From Warfare to Welfare

Author : Jennifer S. Light
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 0801881463
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis From Warfare to Welfare by : Jennifer S. Light

Download or read book From Warfare to Welfare written by Jennifer S. Light and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2003-12-24 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study of Cold War era urban planning explores how defense technology was employed to reshape America’s cities. During the early decades of the Cold War, large-scale investments in American defense and aerospace research and development spawned a variety of problem-solving techniques, technologies, and institutions. From systems analysis to reconnaissance satellites to think tanks, these innovations soon found civilian applications in both the private and public sector. City planning and management were no exception. Jennifer Light argues that the technologies and values of the Cold War fundamentally shaped the history of postwar urban America. From Warfare to Welfare documents how American intellectuals, city leaders, and the federal government chose to attack problems in the nation’s cities by borrowing techniques and technologies first designed for military engagement with foreign enemies. Experiments in urban problem solving adapted the expertise of defense professionals to face new threats: urban chaos, blight, and social unrest. Tracing the transfer of innovations from military to city planning and management, Light reveals how a continuing source of inspiration for American city administrators lay in the nation’s preparations for war.

The Making of the Cold War Enemy

Author : Ron Theodore Robin
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400830303
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Making of the Cold War Enemy by : Ron Theodore Robin

Download or read book The Making of the Cold War Enemy written by Ron Theodore Robin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-30 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the height of the Cold War, the U.S. government enlisted the aid of a select group of psychologists, sociologists, and political scientists to blueprint enemy behavior. Not only did these academics bring sophisticated concepts to what became a project of demonizing communist societies, but they influenced decision-making in the map rooms, prison camps, and battlefields of the Korean War and in Vietnam. With verve and insight, Ron Robin tells the intriguing story of the rise of behavioral scientists in government and how their potentially dangerous, "American" assumptions about human behavior would shape U.S. views of domestic disturbances and insurgencies in Third World countries for decades to come. Based at government-funded think tanks, the experts devised provocative solutions for key Cold War dilemmas, including psychological warfare projects, negotiation strategies during the Korean armistice, and morale studies in the Vietnam era. Robin examines factors that shaped the scientists' thinking and explores their psycho-cultural and rational choice explanations for enemy behavior. He reveals how the academics' intolerance for complexity ultimately reduced the nation's adversaries to borderline psychotics, ignored revolutionary social shifts in post-World War II Asia, and promoted the notion of a maniacal threat facing the United States. Putting the issue of scientific validity aside, Robin presents the first extensive analysis of the intellectual underpinnings of Cold War behavioral sciences in a book that will be indispensable reading for anyone interested in the era and its legacy.

Origins of Mass Communications Research During the American Cold War

Author : Timothy Glander
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135683220
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Origins of Mass Communications Research During the American Cold War by : Timothy Glander

Download or read book Origins of Mass Communications Research During the American Cold War written by Timothy Glander and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999-12 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This critical examination of the origins of mass comm. research from the perspective of an educational historian investigates the educational meaning of the mass media, with the goal of understanding the essential connection between educ. and comm.