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Experimental Study Of Ignition Delay Characteristics For Conventional And Alternative Diesel And Jet Fuels Through Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
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Book Synopsis Experimental Study of Ignition Delay Characteristics for Conventional and Alternative Diesel and Jet Fuels Through Constant Volume Combustion Chamber by : 康莫方
Download or read book Experimental Study of Ignition Delay Characteristics for Conventional and Alternative Diesel and Jet Fuels Through Constant Volume Combustion Chamber written by 康莫方 and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ignition Delay at Various High Pressures. An Experimental Study by : Ritu Gaur
Download or read book Ignition Delay at Various High Pressures. An Experimental Study written by Ritu Gaur and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2019 in the subject Engineering - Chemical Engineering, , course: M.TECH, language: English, abstract: This work is an experimental study for the measurement of ignition delay characteristics of burning fuel sprays in cylindrical combustion chambers. It is carried out on hot air and high pressure. The objective of the study is to investigation the effect of hot air temperature and a well as high pressure on ignition delay of diesel fuel sprays. The effect of blending of n-Pentane with pure diesel was investigated. An experimental set up was design for this purpose with the emphasis on optical method for measurement of ignition delay at various pressures. The results presented here show that ignition delay of diesel fuel spray decreases with increase in the temperature and pressure of hot air. Results also show the effect of methyl group being more dominant at low ignition temperatures and that of alkyl group being more dominant at higher temperature. Blending of n-pentane with diesel fuel, increase its ignition delay at low ignition temperatures. However, as the concentration of blending fuel was increased beyond 30%, the ignition temperature increase. Ignition temperature for 40% pentane blends is much higher that the pure diesel.
Book Synopsis Ignition Delay Time Measurements for Distillate and Synthetic Jet Fuels by : Yi Cao
Download or read book Ignition Delay Time Measurements for Distillate and Synthetic Jet Fuels written by Yi Cao and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As alternatives to traditional petroleum-based fuels are increasingly sought after, the National Jet Fuel Combustion Program (NJFCP) was established to streamline the evaluation and certification of these fuels. The current mandate is for the replacements of traditional fuels to be equally safe and to provide better environmental performance [1]. These so-called "drop-in" jet fuels refer to hydrocarbon fuels that deliver identical combustion performance and are produced from non-petroleum sources [2]. Following the mandate delivered by the NJFCP for alternative fuels, this study aims to improve the traditionally phenomenological understanding of combustion performance by making connections between fuel properties and the chemical composition of fuels. The ignition delay time is an important measure of the combustion performance of fuels, as it is an integrated measure of the fuels' physical and chemical properties, such as volatility, diffusivity, and chemical reactivity. Consequently, it is a very useful validation target in chemical kinetic modeling and has implications in practical aviation phenomena such as, among others, lean blowout, cold-start ignition and altitude relight. Shock tubes are well-suited for ignition delay time measurements, as they provide a well-defined time zero and a quasi-constant temperature and pressure test region behind the reflected shocks. All experiments in this thesis were performed on the Stanford Flexible Application Shock Tube (FAST). Reactive gas mixtures were prepared with equivalence ratios of 1 ± 0.05, and mixed in the shock tube driven section to avoid fuel loss attributed to non-idealities in the jet fuel vapor. Changes in the fuel mole fraction during mixing and ignition were monitored using laser absorption diagnosis at 3.39 μm. The ignition delay time is defined in this study by the onset of emission from electronically excited OH radicals at 306 nm. Ignition delay times were measured in the temperature range of 1200-1500 K and at 4 atm pressure for five distillate jet fuels from refineries around the US (termed geographical fuels), and for six synthetic jet fuels with varying cetane numbers ranging from 30-55 (termed CN fuels). The ignition delay times for A1-3 and C1-9 jet fuels were also measured at 1300 K and at 4 atm. The dependence of combustion properties on fuel chemical composition were investigated using the ignition delay times for these fuels. In particular, the key role that the degree of branching in the jet fuel molecular structure plays in the combustion kinetics and performance is discussed.
Book Synopsis Aviation Fuels by : Bhupendra Khandelwal
Download or read book Aviation Fuels written by Bhupendra Khandelwal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-20 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aviation Fuels provides up-to-date data on fuel effects on combustion performance and use of alternative fuels in aircraft. This book covers the latest advances on aviation fuel technologies, including alternative fuels, feedstocks and manufacturing processes, combustion performance, chemical modeling, fuel systems compatibility and the technical and environmental challenges for implementing the use of alternative fuels for aviation. Aviation fuel and combustion researchers, academics, and program managers for aviation technologies will value this comprehensive overview and summary on the present status of aviation fuels. Presents an overview on all relevant fields of aviation fuels, including production, approval, fuel systems compatibility and combustion (including emissions) Discusses the environmental impacts and carbon footprint of alternative fuels Features a chapter on electric flight and hydrogen powered aircraft and how its implementation will impact the aviation industry
Book Synopsis Spray Ignition Measurements in a Constant Volume Combustion Vessel Under Engine-relevant Conditions by : Varun Ramesh
Download or read book Spray Ignition Measurements in a Constant Volume Combustion Vessel Under Engine-relevant Conditions written by Varun Ramesh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pressure-based and optical diagnostics for ignition delay (ID) measurement of a diesel spray from a multi-hole nozzle were investigated in a constant volume combustion vessel (CVCV) at conditions similar to those in a conventional diesel engine at the start of injection (SOI). It was first hypothesized that compared to an engine, the shorter ID in a CVCV was caused by NO, a byproduct of premixed combustion. The presence of a significant concentration of NO+NO2 was confirmed experimentally and by using a multi-zone model of premixed combustion. Experiments measuring the effect of NO on ID were performed at conditions relevant to a conventional diesel engine. Depending on the temperature regime and the nature of the fuel, NO addition was found to advance or retard ignition. Constant volume ignition simulations were capable of describing the observed trends; the magnitudes were different due to the physical processes involved in spray ignition, not modeled in the current study. The results of the study showed that ID is sensitive to low NO concentrations (
Book Synopsis An Experimental and Modeling Study Investigating the Ignition Delay in a Military Diesel Engine Running Hexadecane (cetane) Fuel by :
Download or read book An Experimental and Modeling Study Investigating the Ignition Delay in a Military Diesel Engine Running Hexadecane (cetane) Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an effort aimed at predicting the combustion behavior of a new fuel in a conventional diesel engine, cetane (n-hexadecane) fuel was used in a military engine across the entire speed-load operating range. The ignition delay was characterized for this fuel at each operating condition. A chemical ignition delay was also predicted across the speed-load range using a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism with a constant pressure reactor model. At each operating condition, the measured in-cylinder pressure and predicted temperature at the start of injection were applied to the detailed n-hexadecane kinetic mechanism, and the chemical ignition delay was predicted without any kinetic mechanism calibration. The modeling results show that fuel-air parcels developed from the diesel spray with an equivalence ratio of 4 are the first to ignite. The chemical ignition delay results also showed decreasing igntion delays with increasing engine load and speed, just as the experimental data revealed. At lower engine speeds and loads, the kinetic modeling results show the characteristic two-stage negative temperature coefficient behavior of hydrocarbon fuels. However, at high engine speeds and loads, the reactions do not display negative temperature coefficient behavior, as the reactions proceed directly into high-temperature pathways due to higher temperatures and pressure at injection. A moderate difference between the total and chemical ignition delays was then characterized as a phyical delay period that scales inversely with engine speed. This physical delay time is representative of the diesel spray development time and is seen to become a minority fraction of the total igntion delay at higher engine speeds. In addition, the approach used in this study suggests that the ignition delay and thus start of combustion may be predicted with reasonable accuracy using kinetic modeling to determine the chemical igntion delay. Then, in conjunction with the physical delay time (experimental or modeling based), a new fuel's acceptability in a conventional engine could be assessed by determining that the total ignition delay is not too short or too long.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Starting Characteristics of a Two-stroke Spark-assisted Diesel Engine Using Alternative Fuels by : Han-ying Wang
Download or read book Starting Characteristics of a Two-stroke Spark-assisted Diesel Engine Using Alternative Fuels written by Han-ying Wang and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diesel Ignition and Combustion by : Jay A. Bolt, N. A. Henein
Download or read book Diesel Ignition and Combustion written by Jay A. Bolt, N. A. Henein and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surfactants in Tribology, Volume 5 by : Girma Biresaw
Download or read book Surfactants in Tribology, Volume 5 written by Girma Biresaw and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactants play a critical role in Tribology controlling friction, wear, and lubricant properties such as emulsification, demulsification, bioresistance, oxidation resistance, rust prevention and corrosion resistance. This is a critical topic for new materials and devices particularly those built at the nanoscale. This newest volume will address tribological properties of cutting fluids, lubricant performance related to steel surfaces, biolubricants, and novel materials and ways to reduce friction and wear. Scientists from industrial research and development (R&D) organizations and academic research teams in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and North America will participate in the work.
Book Synopsis An Experimental and Modeling-Based Study Into the Ignition Delay Characteristics of Diesel Surrogate Binary Blend Fuels by :
Download or read book An Experimental and Modeling-Based Study Into the Ignition Delay Characteristics of Diesel Surrogate Binary Blend Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of Autoignition in a Premixed Charge, Internal Combustion Engine Using Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics by : Philip Michael Dimpelfeld
Download or read book A Study of Autoignition in a Premixed Charge, Internal Combustion Engine Using Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics written by Philip Michael Dimpelfeld and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of the Ignition Delay Characteristics of Combustion in a Compression Ignition Engine Operating on Blended Mixtures of Diesel and Gasoline by : Wei Jet Thoo
Download or read book A Study of the Ignition Delay Characteristics of Combustion in a Compression Ignition Engine Operating on Blended Mixtures of Diesel and Gasoline written by Wei Jet Thoo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methylcyclohexane Ignition Delay Times Under a Wide Range of Conditions by : Aditya Nagulapalli
Download or read book Methylcyclohexane Ignition Delay Times Under a Wide Range of Conditions written by Aditya Nagulapalli and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last century, our dependence on oil has increased rapidly and is projected to increase for several decades. There is a critical need to improve the design of the combustion chamber for different kinds of engines to reduce fuel consumption. Chemical kinetics of the fuel plays an important role in reducing emissions and improving engine efficiency. Studying single components of a conventional fuel allows a fuller understanding of the physical and chemical behavior of the real fuel. Many studies have been conducted on all classes of hydrocarbons, with the exception of cycloalkanes. Only a few studies exist on cycloalkanes, which is an important class of hydrocarbons. Methylcyclohexane (MCH), which is widely used as a surrogate to represent the cycloalkane portion of a fuel, was chosen as the subject of this study. The shock tube is an established tool used for measuring the ignition delay, and was used as the experimental apparatus. Ignition delay was measured using the end-plate pressure rise, the OH* and CH* chemiluminescence and white light emission. In addition, experimental results were compared with kinetic modeling data using detailed MCH mechanisms developed by Pitz et al. and Orme et al. Different modeling approaches, such as constant volume and internal energy (with and without experimental pressure profiles) and constant pressure, were used to validate the models by comparing against experimental ignition delay data. It was observed that the equivalence ratio affects the ignition delay time. For the lower argon concentration (Ar = 93%) and higher pressure (P ~ 16 atm), ignition delay times were longest for rich conditions. Additionally, they were shorter at lower temperatures (T = 1250 K) for stoichiometric conditions in comparison to lean values, but the opposite trend was observed at the higher temperatures (T > 1250 K). Ignition delay times of stoichiometric mixtures were longer than lean mixtures across the studied temperature range for low pressure (P = 2 atm) and argon concentration (Ar = 93%), as well as high pressure (P ~ 16 atm) and argon concentration (Ar = 98%). The Orme et al. model using the approach of constant U,V assumption with experimental pressure profile showed a better agreement with experimental results at low temperatures than the approach without experimental pressure profile. Both models and approaches underestimate the experimental ignition delay times at high temperatures.
Book Synopsis Characteristics and Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines by : Rakesh Kumar Maurya
Download or read book Characteristics and Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines written by Rakesh Kumar Maurya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with novel advanced engine combustion technologies having potential of high fuel conversion efficiency along with ultralow NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It offers insight into advanced combustion modes for efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels. Fundamentals of various advanced low temperature combustion (LTC) systems such as HCCI, PCCI, PPC and RCCI engines and their fuel quality requirements are also discussed. Detailed performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of futuristic engine technologies such as PPC and RCCI employing conventional as well as alternative fuels are analyzed and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on soot particle number emission characterization, high load limiting constraints, and fuel effects on combustion characteristics in LTC engines. For closed loop combustion control of LTC engines, sensors, actuators and control strategies are also discussed. The book should prove useful to a broad audience, including graduate students, researchers, and professionals Offers novel technologies for improved and efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels; Deals with most advanced and futuristic engine combustion modes such as PPC and RCCI; Comprehensible presentation of the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of low temperature combustion (LTC) engines; Deals with closed loop combustion control of advanced LTC engines; State-of-the-art technology book that concisely summarizes the recent advancements in LTC technology. .
Author :P. A. Lakshminarayanan Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :904813885X Total Pages :313 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (481 download)
Book Synopsis Modelling Diesel Combustion by : P. A. Lakshminarayanan
Download or read book Modelling Diesel Combustion written by P. A. Lakshminarayanan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenomenology of Diesel Combustion and Modeling Diesel is the most efficient combustion engine today and it plays an important role in transport of goods and passengers on land and on high seas. The emissions must be controlled as stipulated by the society without sacrificing the legendary fuel economy of the diesel engines. These important drivers caused innovations in diesel engineering like re-entrant combustion chambers in the piston, lower swirl support and high pressure injection, in turn reducing the ignition delay and hence the nitric oxides. The limits on emissions are being continually reduced. The- fore, the required accuracy of the models to predict the emissions and efficiency of the engines is high. The phenomenological combustion models based on physical and chemical description of the processes in the engine are practical to describe diesel engine combustion and to carry out parametric studies. This is because the injection process, which can be relatively well predicted, has the dominant effect on mixture formation and subsequent course of combustion. The need for improving these models by incorporating new developments in engine designs is explained in Chapter 2. With “model based control programs” used in the Electronic Control Units of the engines, phenomenological models are assuming more importance now because the detailed CFD based models are too slow to be handled by the Electronic Control Units. Experimental work is necessary to develop the basic understanding of the pr- esses.
Book Synopsis Measurements of Ignition Times, OH Time-histories, and Reaction Rates in Jet Fuel and Surrogate Oxidation Systems by : Subith Vasu Sumathi
Download or read book Measurements of Ignition Times, OH Time-histories, and Reaction Rates in Jet Fuel and Surrogate Oxidation Systems written by Subith Vasu Sumathi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil-based hydrocarbon fuels account for over 80% of the primary energy consumed in the world - it is still expected to be about 70% in year 2050 - and nearly 60% of that amount is used in the transport sector. The basis for globalization is transportation and a driving force has been the growth in global air traffic. The current climate crisis magnifies the need for improving the performance of jet engines by introducing scientific designs in which the use of chemical kinetics will be essential and critical for better performance and reducing pollutant emissions. Most aviation fuels are jet fuels originating from crude oil and there are major gaps in our knowledge of the high-temperature chemistry of real liquid carbon-based fuels. There is a critical need for experimental kinetic databases that can be used for the validation and refinement of jet fuel surrogate mechanisms. To fill this need, experiments were performed using shock tube and laser absorption methods to investigate jet fuel and surrogate oxidation systems under engine-relevant conditions. Ignition times and OH species time-histories were measured and low-uncertainty measurements of the reactions of OH with several stable intermediates were carried out. The work presented in this study can be broken into three categories: 1) jet fuel oxidation, 2) surrogate oxidation, and 3) OH radical reactions with several stable combustion intermediates. Ignition delay times were measured for gas-phase jet fuel oxidation (Jet-A and JP-8) in air behind reflected shock waves in a heated high-pressure shock tube. Initial reflected shock conditions were as follows: temperatures of 715-1229 K, pressures of 17-51 atm, equivalence ratios (phi) of 0.5 and 1, and oxygen concentrations of 10 and 21 % in synthetic air. Ignition delay times were measured using sidewall pressure and OH* emission at 306 nm. The new experimental results were modeled using several kinetic mechanisms using various jet fuel surrogate mixtures. Normal and cyclo alkanes are the two most important chemical classes found in jet fuels. Ignition delay time experiments were conducted during high-pressure oxidation of two commonly used representative components for normal and cyclo alkanes in jet fuel surrogates, i.e., n-dodecane and methylcyclohexane (MCH), respectively. Fuel/air ignition was studied for the following shock conditions: temperatures of 727-1177 K, pressures of 17-50 atm, phi's of 0.5 and 1. OH concentration time-histories during high-pressure n-dodecane, n-heptane and MCH oxidation were measured behind reflected shock waves in a heated, high-pressure shock tube. Experimental conditions covered temperatures of 1121 to 1422 K, pressures of 14.1-16.7 atm, and initial fuel concentrations of 500 to 1000 ppm (by volume), and an equivalence ratio of 0.5 with O2 as the oxidizer in argon as the bath gas. OH concentrations were measured using narrow-linewidth ring-dye laser absorption near the R-branchhead of the OH A-X (0,0) system at 306.47 nm. Detailed comparisons of these data with the predictions of various kinetic mechanisms were made. Sensitivity and pathway analyses for these reference fuel components were performed, leading to reaction rate recommendations with improved model performance. Reactions of OH radical with two alkenes (ethylene and propene) and a diene (1,3-butadiene) were studied behind reflected shock waves. Measurements were conducted in the range of temperatures from 890-1438 K and pressures from 1.99-10.18 atm for three initial concentrations of fuels (500ppm, 751.1ppm and 1000ppm). OH radicals were produced by shock-heating tert-butyl hydroperoxide, (CH3)3-CO-OH, and monitored by narrow-line width ring dye laser absorption of the well characterized R1(5) line of the OH A-X (0, 0) band near 306.7 nm. OH time-histories were modeled by using a modified oxidation mechanism and rate constants for the reactions of OH with ethylene, propene, and 1,3-butadiene were extracted by matching modeled and measured OH concentration time histories in the reflected shock region. Detailed error analyses yielded an uncertainty estimate of " 22.8% (OH+ethylene at 1201 K), "16.5% (OH+propene at 1136 K), and "13% (OH+1,3-butadiene at 1200K). Canonical and variational transition state theory calculations using recent ab initio results gave excellent agreement with our experimental measurements and data outside our range and hence the resulting expressions can be used directly in combustion models. In the current studies, a rate measurement for the decomposition of TBHP has been obtained in the range 745-1014 K using both incident and reflected OH data.
