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Experimental And Numerical Investigation Of Laminar Flame Speeds Of H2 Co Co2 N2 Mixtures
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Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Laminar Flame Speeds of H2/co/co2/n2 Mixtures by : Jayaprakash Natarajan
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Laminar Flame Speeds of H2/co/co2/n2 Mixtures written by Jayaprakash Natarajan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal derived synthetic gas (syngas) fuel is a promising solution for today s increasing demand for clean and reliable power. Syngas fuels are primarily mixtures of H2 and CO, often with large amounts of diluents such as N2, CO2, and H2O. The specific composition depends upon the fuel source and gasification technique. This requires gas turbine designers to develop fuel flexible combustors capable of operating with high conversion efficiency while maintaining low emissions for a wide range of syngas fuel mixtures. Design tools often used in combustor development require data on various fundamental gas combustion properties. For example, laminar flame speed is often an input as it has a significant impact upon the size and static stability of the combustor. Moreover it serves as a good validation parameter for leading kinetic models used for detailed combustion simulations. Thus the primary objective of this thesis is measurement of laminar flame speeds of syngas fuel mixtures at conditions relevant to ground-power gas turbines. To accomplish this goal, two flame speed measurement approaches were developed: a Bunsen flame approach modified to use the reaction zone area in order to reduce the influence of flame curvature on the measured flame speed and a stagnation flame approach employing a rounded bluff body. The modified Bunsen flame approach was validated against stretch-corrected approaches over a range of fuels and test conditions; the agreement is very good (less than 10% difference). Using the two measurement approaches, extensive flame speed information were obtained for lean syngas mixtures at a range of conditions: 1) 5 to 100% H2 in the H2/CO fuel mixture; 2) 300-700 K preheat temperature; 3) 1 to 15 atm pressure, and 4) 0-70% dilution with CO2 or N2. The second objective of this thesis is to use the flame speed data to validate leading kinetic mechanisms for syngas combustion. Comparisons of the experimental flame speeds to those predicted using detailed numerical simulations of strained and unstrained laminar flames indicate that all the current kinetic mechanisms tend to over predict the increase in flame speed with preheat temperature for medium and high H2 content fuel mixtures. A sensitivity analysis that includes reported uncertainties in rate constants reveals that the errors in the rate constants of the reactions involving HO2 seem to be the most likely cause for the observed higher preheat temperature dependence of the flame speeds. To enhance the accuracy of the current models, a more detailed sensitivity analysis based on temperature dependent reaction rate parameters should be considered as the problem seems to be in the intermediate temperature range (~800-1200 K).
Book Synopsis Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (Vol. 3) by : Suvanjan Bhattacharyya
Download or read book Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (Vol. 3) written by Suvanjan Bhattacharyya and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-17 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the select proceedings of the 48th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (FMFP 2021) held at BITS Pilani in December 2021. It covers the topics such as fluid mechanics, measurement techniques in fluid flows, computational fluid dynamics, instability, transition and turbulence, fluid‐structure interaction, multiphase flows, micro- and nanoscale transport, bio-fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, turbomachinery, propulsion and power. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals interested in the broad field of mechanics.
Book Synopsis Propagation and Extinction Studies of Laminar Lean Premixed Syngas/Air Flames by : Yang Zhang
Download or read book Propagation and Extinction Studies of Laminar Lean Premixed Syngas/Air Flames written by Yang Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-18 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents pioneering experimental and numerical studies on three aspects of the combustion characteristics of lean premixed syngas/air flames, namely the laminar flame speed, extinction limit and flammability limit. It illustrates a new extinction exponent concept, which enriches the combustion theory. Above all, the book provides the following: a) a series of carefully measured data and theoretical analyses to reveal the intrinsic mechanisms of the fuel composition effect on the propagation and extinction of lean syngas/air flames; b) a mixing model and correlation to predict the laminar flame speed of multi-component syngas fuels, intended for engineering computations; c) a new “extinction exponent” concept to describe the critical effects of chemical kinetics on the extinction of lean premixed syngas/air flames; and d) the effects and mechanism of the dilution of incombustible components on lean premixed syngas/air flames and the preferential importance among the thermal, chemical and diffusion effects.
Book Synopsis Laminar Flame Speed Measurments of Synthetic Gas Blends with Hydrocarbon Impurities by : Charles Lewis Keesee
Download or read book Laminar Flame Speed Measurments of Synthetic Gas Blends with Hydrocarbon Impurities written by Charles Lewis Keesee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New laminar flame speed measurements have been taken for a wide range of synthetic gas, or syngas, mixtures. These experiments began with two baseline mixtures. The first of these baseline mixtures was a bio-syngas surrogate with a 50/50 H2/CO split, and the second baseline mixture was a coal syngas blend with a 40/60 H2/CO split. Experiments were conducted over a range of equivalence ratios from [phi] = 0.5 to 3 at initial conditions of 1 atm and 296 K. Upon completion of the baseline experiments, two different hydrocarbons were added to the fuel mixtures at levels ranging from 0.8 to 15% by volume, keeping the H2/CO ratio locked for the bio-syngas and coal syngas mixtures. The addition of these light hydrocarbons, namely CH4 and C2H6, had been shown in a previous numerical study to have significant impacts on the laminar flame speed, and the present experiments validated the suspected trends. For example, a 7% addition of methane to the coal-syngas blend decreased the peak flame speed by about 25% and shifted it from [phi] = 2.2 to a leaner value near [phi] = 1.5. Also, the addition of ethane at 1.7% reduced the mixture flame speed more than a similar addition of methane (1.6%). Images taken during the experiments show the addition of hydrocarbons increasing the stability of the flame. The analysis also looked at the effects of hydrocarbon addition on the Markstein lengths and Lewis numbers of the mixtures. Markstein lengths were relatively consistent throughout all mixtures investigated. The Lewis numbers were found to move closer to unity for both lean and rich mixtures as hydrocarbons were added. Compared to the experimental results the model predicts the shape of the flame speed curve and places the peak at the correct equivalence ratio. However the model predicts a slower flame speed when hydrocarbons are added. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155067
Book Synopsis Synthesis Gas Combustion by : Tim Lieuwen
Download or read book Synthesis Gas Combustion written by Tim Lieuwen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal, still used to generate more than half of the electric power in the U.S., will likely be part of any future global energy plan. But this finite resource is also responsible for 80 percent of the CO2 emissions from power production, and its continued use will require improved processing techniques that are less damaging to the environment and l
Book Synopsis High Temperature Air Combustion by : Hiroshi Tsuji
Download or read book High Temperature Air Combustion written by Hiroshi Tsuji and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-12-03 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maximize efficiency and minimize pollution: the breakthrough technology of high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) holds the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional combustion and allow engineers to finally meet this long-standing imperative. Research has shown that HiTAC technology can provide simultaneous reduction of CO2 and nitric
Book Synopsis Laminar Flame Speeds of Preheated Iso-octane/O2/N2 Mixtures by : Joshua Eric Freeh
Download or read book Laminar Flame Speeds of Preheated Iso-octane/O2/N2 Mixtures written by Joshua Eric Freeh and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combustion written by J. Warnatz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-23 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a rigorous treatment of the coupling of chemical reactions and fluid flow. Combustion-specific topics of chemistry and fluid mechanics are considered and tools described for the simulation of combustion processes. This edition is completely restructured. Mathematical Formulae and derivations as well as the space-consuming reaction mechanisms have been replaced from the text to appendix. A new chapter discusses the impact of combustion processes on the atmosphere, the chapter on auto-ignition is extended to combustion in Otto- and Diesel-engines, and the chapters on heterogeneous combustion and on soot formation are heavily revised.
Book Synopsis Turbulent Combustion by : Norbert Peters
Download or read book Turbulent Combustion written by Norbert Peters and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-15 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combustion of fossil fuels remains a key technology for the foreseeable future. It is therefore important that we understand the mechanisms of combustion and, in particular, the role of turbulence within this process. Combustion always takes place within a turbulent flow field for two reasons: turbulence increases the mixing process and enhances combustion, but at the same time combustion releases heat which generates flow instability through buoyancy, thus enhancing the transition to turbulence. The four chapters of this book present a thorough introduction to the field of turbulent combustion. After an overview of modeling approaches, the three remaining chapters consider the three distinct cases of premixed, non-premixed, and partially premixed combustion, respectively. This book will be of value to researchers and students of engineering and applied mathematics by demonstrating the current theories of turbulent combustion within a unified presentation of the field.
Book Synopsis Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals by : National Research Council
Download or read book Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-07 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews toxicity documents on five chemicals that can be released in the air from accidents at chemical plants, storage sites, or during transportation. The documents were prepared by the National Advisory Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances and were evaluated for their scientific validity, comprehensives, internal consistency, and conformance to the 1993 guidelines report.
Book Synopsis Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases by : Bernard Lewis
Download or read book Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases written by Bernard Lewis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion, Flames, and Explosions of Gases, Second Edition focuses on the processes, methodologies, and reactions involved in combustion phenomena. The publication first offers information on theoretical foundations, reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen. Discussions focus on the fundamentals of reaction kinetics, elementary and complex reactions in gases, thermal reaction, and combined hydrogen-carbon monoxide-oxygen reaction. The text then elaborates on the reaction between hydrocarbons and oxygen and combustion waves in laminar flow. The manuscript tackles combustion waves in turbulent flow and air entrainment and burning of jets of fuel gases. Topics include effect of turbulence spectrum and turbulent wrinkling on combustion wave propagation; ignition of high-velocity streams by hot solid bodies; burners with primary air entrainment; and description of jet flames. The book then takes a look at detonation waves in gases; emission spectra, ionization, and electric-field effects in flames; and methods of flame photography and pressure recording. The publication is a valuable reference for readers interested in combustion phenomena.
Book Synopsis Theoretical and Numerical Combustion by : Thierry Poinsot
Download or read book Theoretical and Numerical Combustion written by Thierry Poinsot and published by R.T. Edwards, Inc.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing numerical techniques for combustion, this textbook describes both laminar and turbulent flames, addresses the problem of flame-wall interaction, and presents a series of theoretical tools used to study the coupling phenomena between combustion and acoustics. The second edition incorporates recent advances in unsteady simulation methods,
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Combustion Processes by : Sara McAllister
Download or read book Fundamentals of Combustion Processes written by Sara McAllister and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-10 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Combustion Processes is designed as a textbook for an upper-division undergraduate and graduate level combustion course in mechanical engineering. The authors focus on the fundamental theory of combustion and provide a simplified discussion of basic combustion parameters and processes such as thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, ignition, diffusion and pre-mixed flames. The text includes exploration of applications, example exercises, suggested homework problems and videos of laboratory demonstrations
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Dilution Effect on Laminar Flame Characteristics in a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber by : Berk Can Duva
Download or read book Investigation of the Dilution Effect on Laminar Flame Characteristics in a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber written by Berk Can Duva and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increased interest in reducing emissions, the axial (sequential) stage combustion concept for gas turbine combustors and high exhaust gas recirculation rates for internal combustion engines are gaining in popularity. Despite the air-quality benefits of these technologies, introduction of inert combustion residuals into a combustion media affects the flame reactivity and stability. This dissertation examines the dilution effect on laminar flame characteristics of iso-octane/air, high/low research octane number gasoline/air, and methane/air mixtures through both experiments and numerical simulations.Spherically expanding flames under constant pressure are employed in an optically accessible constant volume combustion chamber to measure fundamental characteristics of premixed flames. Spherically expanding flames are severely affected by flame stretch in the early stage of combustion and therefore stretch models are of great importance in determining the uncertainty of experimental laminar flame speeds and burned gas Markstein lengths. In order to prevent the existing large scatter in experimental data of these two fundamental flame parameters, the effect of the lower radius limit for the flame speed calculation on extrapolation results of the stretch models is investigated in Chapter 3. Results show that there is a critical lower radius limit, where all laminar flame speed and burned gas Markstein length values obtained by the extrapolation of the stretch models converge to the same laminar flame speed and burned gas Markstein length.Chapter 4 presents the exhaust gas recirculation effect on CO2-diluted iso-octane/air and high/low research octane number gasoline/air mixtures at 1 bar and 373-473 K. The results of the measurements reveal that flame speeds of commercial gasolines do not vary significantly with the research octane number whereas the iso-octane flame speeds are consistently slower than those of gasoline. Numerical analyses are used to determine the dilution, thermal-diffusion, and chemical effects of the CO2 dilution on the flame speed, stretch, and stability.Over the years, many studies have investigated diluted methane flame characteristics with one of the main exhaust gases or a mixture of two. Chapter 5 experimentally and computationally shows that real combustion residuals cannot be accurately represented with only one or two of the main exhaust gases, as the thermodynamic properties and chemical reactivities of the combustion residuals are very distinctive and vary with temperature, pressure, and equivalence and dilution ratios. In Chapter 5, laminar burning velocity and burned gas Markstein length correlations are developed from the methane/air flame measurements at 1-5 bar, 373-473 K, and with 0-15% dilution. The physical and chemical aspects of changes in the laminar burning velocity and flame front stability due to changes in temperature, pressure, and equivalence and dilution ratios are discussed in detail.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Hydrogen Energy by : S.A. Sherif
Download or read book Handbook of Hydrogen Energy written by S.A. Sherif and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 1058 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can hydrogen and electricity supply all of the world's energy needs? Handbook of Hydrogen Energy thoroughly explores the notion of a hydrogen economy and addresses this question. The handbook considers hydrogen and electricity as a permanent energy system and provides factual information based on science. The text focuses on a large cross section o
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemically Reacting Flow by : Robert J. Kee
Download or read book Chemically Reacting Flow written by Robert J. Kee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-27 with total page 1013 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of chemically reacting flow Chemically Reacting Flow: Theory, Modeling, and Simulation, Second Edition combines fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics and physical chemistry while helping students and professionals to develop the analytical and simulation skills needed to solve real-world engineering problems. The authors clearly explain the theoretical and computational building blocks enabling readers to extend the approaches described to related or entirely new applications. New to this Second Edition are substantially revised and reorganized coverage of topics treated in the first edition. New material in the book includes two important areas of active research: reactive porous-media flows and electrochemical kinetics. These topics create bridges between traditional fluid-flow simulation approaches and transport within porous-media electrochemical systems. The first half of the book is devoted to multicomponent fluid-mechanical fundamentals. In the second half the authors provide the necessary fundamental background needed to couple reaction chemistry into complex reacting-flow models. Coverage of such topics is presented in self-contained chapters, allowing a great deal of flexibility in course curriculum design. • Features new chapters on reactive porous-media flow, electrochemistry, chemical thermodynamics, transport properties, and solving differential equations in MATLAB • Provides the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of chemically reacting flow • Emphasizes fundamentals, allowing the analyst to understand fundamental theory underlying reacting-flow simulations • Helps readers to acquire greater facility in the derivation and solution of conservation equations in new or unusual circumstances • Reorganized to facilitate use as a class text and now including a solutions manual for academic adopters Computer simulation of reactive systems is highly efficient and cost-effective in the development, enhancement, and optimization of chemical processes. Chemically Reacting Flow: Theory, Modeling, and Simulation, Second Edition helps prepare graduate students in mechanical or chemical engineering, as well as research professionals in those fields take utmost advantage of that powerful capability.
