Experimental And Modeling Study Of Particulate Matter Oxidation Under Loading Conditions For A Scr Catalyst On A Diesel Particulate Filter

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EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY OF PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION UNDER LOADING CONDITIONS FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER

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Book Synopsis EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY OF PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION UNDER LOADING CONDITIONS FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER by :

Download or read book EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY OF PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION UNDER LOADING CONDITIONS FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The heavy-duty diesel engines use a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), a Catalyzed Particulate Filter (CPF), a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with urea injection and a Ammonia Oxidation Catalyst (AMOX), to meet the US EPA 2010/2013 particulate matter (PM) and NOx emission standards. However, it is not possible to achieve the 2015 California low NOx standards with this arrangement. Hence, there is a need to improve the existing aftertreatment system. This can be achieved by coating the SCR catalyst on a diesel particulate filter (DPF), thus combining the PM filtration and NOx reduction functionality into a single device. This reduces the overall volume/weight of the system and provides opportunity for packaging flexibility and improved thermal management along with the possibility of higher NOx reduction with a downstream SCR system. The SCR catalyst on a DPF used in this study is known as a SCRF℗ʼ which was supplied by Johnson Matthey and Corning. Previous research on the CPF and SCRF℗ʼ at MTU highlighted that the reactivity of PM retained in the CPF and SCRF℗ʼ is higher during loading conditions compared to passive oxidation conditions i.e. when the flow rate of PM entering the CPF or SCRF℗ʼ is higher in loading conditions compared to the low flow rate and higher PM reaction rate during passive oxidation conditions. A 2013 Cummins ISB engine with a DOC-SCRF℗ʼ arrangement was used to perform twelve tests (eight tests without urea injection and four tests with urea injection) in order to determine the NO2 assisted passive oxidation performance of the SCRF℗ʼ under loading conditions with and without urea injection. The primary focus of this study was to carry out Loading Tests with and without Urea injection and measure species concentrations, PM mass retained, exhaust flowrates, substrate temperature distributions, pressure drop across the filter, and to determine the kinetics of NO2 assisted PM oxidation under loading conditions and compare it with kinetics under passive oxidation conditions. The NO2 assisted passive oxidation performance of the SCRF℗ʼ was experimentally studied by running the engine at 2400 RPM and four different loads at nominal and reduced rail pressure for 5.5 hours in two stages of loading. These conditions were intended to span the SCRF℗ʼ inlet temperatures in the range of 264-364oC and inlet NO2 concentrations in the range of 52-120 ppm. Four conditions out of these eight conditions were repeated with the injection of urea in the form of diesel exhaust fluid at a target ammonia to NOx ratio of 1.0 to investigate both the NOx reduction performance, as well as the effect of urea on the NO2 assisted passive oxidation performance. From the conclusions of the study based on the experimental data, it was found that the cumulative percentage of PM oxidized in the SCRF℗ʼ increases with the increase in engine load due to higher SCRF℗ʼ temperatures and NO2 concentrations. On average, the reactions rates with urea injection during loading conditions in the SCRF℗ʼ are 25% lower compared to the reaction rates without urea injection. The reactivity of PM under loading conditions with and without urea injection is higher compared to the reactivity of PM under passive oxidation with and without urea injection. For a lumped PM oxidation model, a higher pre-exponential for NO2 assisted oxidation is needed for loading as compared to passive oxidation conditions. It was not possible to determine the kinetics of NO2 assisted oxidation of PM under loading conditions from the experimental data using a standard Arrhenius model which lead to the development of a different model for PM oxidation. A PM oxidation model was developed based on the shrinking core model which keeps the identity of the incoming PM masses in the SCRF℗ʼ as compared to SCR-F model being developed at MTU which is lumped model for PM oxidation. The PM oxidation model was calibrated to simulate PM oxidation in the SCRF℗ʼ with a single set of kinetics under wide range of conditions including loading and passive oxidation conditions. The reaction rate results from the PM oxidation model were then applied to the SCR-F model to simulate the pressure drop across SCRF℗ʼ and the PM retained in the SCRF℗ʼ for the loading conditions used in this study. The SCR-F model was calibrated using experimental data from Loading Tests w/o Urea to simulate the PM retained within ℗ł2 g and pressure drop across SCRF℗ʼ within ℗ł0.5 kPa of the experimental data at the end of the test. The calibrated SCR-F model was also used to estimate the cake, wall and channel pressure drop and the PM retained in the cake and wall for the Loading Tests w/o Urea to check the integrity of experimental data and the consistency of the model. The NO2 assisted kinetics for PM oxidation in the SCRF℗ʼ without urea injection using the SCR-F model resulted in an activation energy of 96 kJ/gmol and pre-exponential factor of 2.6 m/K-s for the cake and 1.8 m/K-s for the wall. An analysis of the results from the SCR-F model suggests that for all the conditions, 84-92% of the total PM retained was in the PM cake layer and the oxidation in the PM cake layer accounted for 72-84% of the total PM mass oxidized during loading.

Development of a 2D SCR Catalyst on a Diesel Particulate Filter Model for Design and Control Applications to a Ultra Low NOx Aftertreatment System

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Book Synopsis Development of a 2D SCR Catalyst on a Diesel Particulate Filter Model for Design and Control Applications to a Ultra Low NOx Aftertreatment System by :

Download or read book Development of a 2D SCR Catalyst on a Diesel Particulate Filter Model for Design and Control Applications to a Ultra Low NOx Aftertreatment System written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : This research focuses on modeling and control of PM and NOx in diesel engine exhaust using an SCR catalyst on a Diesel Particulate Filter (SCR-F). A 2D SCR-F model was developed that is capable of predicting internal states: 2D temperature, PM and NH3storage distributions and filtration efficiency, pressure drop, PM mass retained in the PM cake and substrate wall and outlet NO, NO2 and NH3concentrations. The SCR-F model was used to simulate a DOC + SCR-F + DOC + SCR ultra-low NOx system that can achieve > 99.5% NOx conversion efficiency. 99.5% NOx conversion efficiency. The model was calibrated with experimental data from a Johnson Matthey SCRF® with a Cummins 2013 ISB engine. The impact of SCR reactions on passive PM oxidation rate and PM loading on SCR reactions was determined. A comparison of the experimental and model data for different ammonia to NOx ratios, PM loading, and passive oxidation conditions is presented. A 2D SCR-F state estimator was developed by combining a simplified version of the 2D SCR-F model with pressure drop, outlet thermocouple and NOx sensormeasurements using an Extended Kalman Filter. The temperature, PM mass retained and NH3coverage fraction states were predicted which can be used to develop fuel dosing and urea dosing strategies for the SCR-F. A 2D SCR-F + 1D SCR system model was used to simulate the experimental data collected on a SCR-F + SCR system from a Cummins 2013 ISB engine. The NO2/NOxratioat the SCR-F and SCR inlet was found to be limiting factor for NOx conversion efficiency of this system. An ultra-low NOxsystem was developed with a DOC downstream of the SCR-F that maintains an optimum NO2/NOxratio of 0.5 at the downstream SCR inlet by using 2 urea injectors. This system was simulated with a combination of 1D DOC, 2D SCR-F, and 1D SCR models and it was found to be capable of > 99.5% NO 99.5% NOxconversion efficiency, a 90% increase in PM oxidation rate compared to an SCR-F + SCR system with 1 injector for typical engine operating conditions.

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO NO2 ASSISTED PASSIVE OXIDATION WITH AND WITHOUT UREA DOSING AND ACTIVE REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF

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Book Synopsis AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO NO2 ASSISTED PASSIVE OXIDATION WITH AND WITHOUT UREA DOSING AND ACTIVE REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF by :

Download or read book AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO NO2 ASSISTED PASSIVE OXIDATION WITH AND WITHOUT UREA DOSING AND ACTIVE REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : In this study, the combination of a DPF and SCR catalyst technology together on a single substrate was investigated for both loading and oxidation performance. Johnson Matthey together with Corning have developed the latest in diesel aftertreatment technologies with the SCRF®. To test the steady state oxidation performance of the pre-production system, a series of fourteen NO2 assisted passive oxidation (PO) tests (seven with urea injection, and seven without) and four active regeneration tests were performed on a 2013 Cummins ISB engine. The aftertreatment production system was modified to allow for experimental investigation into passive oxidation with and without urea dosing and active regeneration of particulate matter for a SCR on a DPF. The primary focus of this study was to carry out passive oxidation (with and without urea dosing), active regeneration and to measure species concentrations, PM mass retained, flowrates, substrate temperature distributions, pressure drop across the filter, and to determine the PM oxidation performance of the SCRF® and compare it to the baseline system. The data from this study will be used in the development and calibration of the MTU SCR-F model. The passive oxidation performance of the SCRF® was experimentally studied by oxidizing the accumulated PM at five distinct engine and exhaust conditions. These conditions were intended to span a wide range of standard space velocities (10.3-38.2 k/hr), substrate temperatures (273-377°C), and NO2 concentrations (117-821 ppm). The tests were repeated, once with and once without the injection of urea in the form of diesel exhaust fluid. Urea dosing was performed at a target ammonia to NOx ratio of 1.0 to investigate both the NOx reduction performance, as well as the effect it has on the PM passive oxidation performance. Each test began with an accelerated loading stage designed to accumulate 1.7±0.4 g/L. The two loading stages and the two post oxidation stages were intended not only to accumulate particulate matter for the passive oxidation stage, but also to characterize the difference to the production system. The study found that the SCRF® was able to achieve 88-99% reduction in NOx with urea for the steady state PO conditions studied and there was 51% lower PM reaction rates, and 60% lower rate constants k, compared to without urea injection. The thermal oxidation performance was studied by investigating three different active regeneration tests points above 500°C where the contribution of NO2 assisted oxidation was less than 10% based on other studies. The different target inlet temperatures 500°C, 550°C and 600°C were achieved through in cylinder post fuel dosing. From the conclusions of the study, it was found that the PM loading performance of the SCRF® was very similar to the production CPF, but resulted in a higher pressure drop across the filter. The PM passive oxidation performance of the system was significantly affected (51% lower reaction rates and 60% lower rate constants) by the injection of urea during the passive oxidation stage. The kinetics of PM passive oxidation using the standard Arrhenius model resulted in an activation energy of 99.2 kJ/gmol and pre exponential factor of 113.7 1/ppm/s without urea injection. Likewise, the kinetics of PM passive oxidation with urea dosing had an activation energy of 96.2 kJ/gmol and pre exponential factor of 23.1 1/ppm/s. Finally the kinetics of thermal oxidation were found to have an activation energy of 211.5 kJ/gmol and 2.52E+05 1/ppm/s for the pre exponential factor.

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF PARTICULATE MATTER ON NOx REDUCTION IN A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF

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Book Synopsis AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF PARTICULATE MATTER ON NOx REDUCTION IN A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF by :

Download or read book AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF PARTICULATE MATTER ON NOx REDUCTION IN A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The study of NOx reduction across the SCRF® is presented in this report to understand the inlet and outlet NO, NO2, NH3 species from the SCRF®. The SCRF® is a prototype SCR catalyst on a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) that reduces NOx and PM at the downstream location. The SCRF® reduces the packaging volume of the aftertreatment components in order to reduce the cost, volume and weight of the aftertreatment system. A total of 12 experiments were performed on a Cummins ISB 2013 280 hp engine and the aftertreatment system. The tests were performed to investigate the NOx reduction performance of the SCRF® under various Particulate Matter loading. The loading phase has been divided into two stages: Stage 1 and Stage 2. Stage 1 begins after all the PM has been removed from the SCRF®, which is then followed by Stage 2 loading. The engine is run at 2400 rpm and 200 Nm load with different fuel rail pressures for a duration to achieve PM loadings of 0, 2, and 4 g/L (grams of PM per volume of the SCRF®) in the SCRF®. For the testing of the SCRF® without PM loading, a Catalyzed Particulate Filter (CPF) was placed before the SCRF®. After the loading phase, NOx reduction stage was run at different engine conditions. The engine speed and load conditions were selected for the NOx reduction stage, named as test points 1, 3, 6, and 8, in order to attain a wide range in space velocities, inlet temperatures and NO2/NOx ratios in the SCRF®, which are the major parameters determining NOx reduction efficiency in the SCRF®. The exhaust temperature varied from 206 to 443 °C, inlet NO2/ NOx ratio varied from 0.22 to 0.46, and space velocity varied from 13.5 to 48.2 k/hr. Urea was dosed in the decomposition tube before the SCRF® to determine the NOx conversion efficiency at different ammonia to NOx ratio (ANR) values. The ANR values considered for the NOx reduction and NH3 slip were 0, 0.8, 1, 1.2, and 1.2 repeat. The ANR of 1.2 was repeated in the urea dosing cycle. It was found that the NOx conversion efficiency across the SCRF® is maximum for test points 3 and 6 i.e. for the temperature range of 300-350°C. The NO2/NOx ratio at those points was around 0.42-0.46. It is observed that the loading in the SCRF® does not affect the NOx conversion efficiency at low (205 °C) and high (440 °C) temperature points but affects in between. The NOx conversion efficiency improved with PM loading until 300 °C SCRF® inlet temperature and decreased (with PM loading) after 350 °C. There is noticeable ammonia oxidation at temperatures above 400 °C in the SCRF® that affects NOx conversion efficiency [1]. At higher temperature of about 440 °C, NH3 slip is observed varying with PM loading in the SCRF®. With PM loading, NO2 assisted oxidation increases the concentration of NO [2] and affects the NOx conversion efficiency. It is concluded from the results that the NO2 concentration across the SCRF® decreased with PM loading and SCRF® temperature due to NO2 assisted PM oxidation. The impact of PM loading on NOx reduction in the SCRF® was insignificant below 300 °C. NOx conversion decreased by 3 - 5 % above 350 °C with increase in PM loading from 0 to 2 and 4 g/L, due to consumption of NO2 via passive oxidation of PM. The NOx concentration is not completely converted across the SCRF® at temperatures above 350 °C even if dosed with an ANR value of 1.2.

THE EMISSION AND PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER WITH A DOWNSTREAM SCR

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Book Synopsis THE EMISSION AND PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER WITH A DOWNSTREAM SCR by :

Download or read book THE EMISSION AND PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER WITH A DOWNSTREAM SCR written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems along with a NH3 slip control catalyst (ASC) offers NOx conversion efficiency >90 % with NH3 slip 90 % with NH3 slip 95 %. A downstream SCR catalyst substrate can be used to get additional NOx conversion by using the SCRF® outlet NH3 to increase the cumulative NOx conversion of the system. In this study, NOx reduction, NH3 slip and PM oxidation performance of a Cu-zeolite SCRF® with a downstream Cu-zeolite SCR were investigated based on engine experimental data at steady state conditions. The experimental data were collected at varying SCRF® inlet temperatures, space velocities, inlet NOx concentrations, NO2/ NOx ratios at ammonia to NOx ratios (ANR) between 1.02 to 1.10. The results demonstrated that the SCRF® with downstream SCR together can achieve NOx conversion efficiency > 98% at ANRs between 1.02 - 1.10 (which may have been due to measurement inaccuracies in downstream SCRF 98% at ANRs between 1.02 - 1.10 (which may have been due to measurement inaccuracies in downstream SCRF®/SCRdata), for the inlet temperature range of 200 - 370°C, space velocity in the range of 10 to 34 k/hr and inlet NO2/ NOx in the range of 0.3 - 0.5. However, NH3 slip from the SCRF® decreases and NOx concentration downstream of the SCRF® increases with the oxidation of PM in the SCRF®. The PM oxidation kinetics are affected by the deNOx reactions, hence, the SCRF® with urea dosing showed ~80 % lower reaction rates during passive oxidation when compared to the production CPF. The effect of varying fuel rail injection pressure on the primary particle diameter and on the Elemental Carbon (EC) and Organic Carbon (OC) fraction of the total carbon was also studied. The primary particle diameter was found to be in the range of 28-30 nm with no effect of the variation in fuel rail injection pressure on it. The OC part of the Total Carbon (TC) did not vary significantly with fuel rail injection pressure. The EC content increased with decrease in fuel rail injection pressure.

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SPACE VELOCITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A CU-ZEOLITE FLOW-THROUGH SCR AND A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF WITH AND WITHOUT PM LOADING

Download AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SPACE VELOCITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A CU-ZEOLITE FLOW-THROUGH SCR AND A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF WITH AND WITHOUT PM LOADING PDF Online Free

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Book Synopsis AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SPACE VELOCITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A CU-ZEOLITE FLOW-THROUGH SCR AND A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF WITH AND WITHOUT PM LOADING by :

Download or read book AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SPACE VELOCITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A CU-ZEOLITE FLOW-THROUGH SCR AND A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF WITH AND WITHOUT PM LOADING written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Abstract The heavy-duty diesel (HDD) engines use the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), catalyzed particulate filter (CPF) and urea injection based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems in sequential combination, to meet the US EPA 2010 PM and NOx emission standards. The SCR along with a NH3 slip control catalyst (AMOX) offer NOx reduction >90 % with NH3 slipHowever, there is a strong desire to further improve the NOx reduction performance of such systems, to meet the California Optional Low NOx Standard implemented since 2015. Integrating SCR functionality into a diesel particulate filter (DPF), by coating the SCR catalyst on the DPF, offers potential to reduce the system cost and packaging weight/ volume. It also provides opportunity to increases the SCR volume without affecting the overall packaging, to achieve NOx reduction efficiencies >95 %. xvii In this research, the NOx reduction and NH3 storage performance of a Cu-zeolite SCR and Cu-zeolite SCR catalyst on DPF (SCRF®) were experimentally investigated based on the engine experimental data at steady state conditions. The experimental data for the production-2013-SCR and the SCRF® were collected (with and without PM loading in the SCRF®) on a Cummins ISB 2013 engine, at varying inlet temperatures, space velocities, inlet NOx concentrations and NO2/NOx ratios, to evaluate the NOx reduction, NH3 storage and NH3 slip characteristics of the SCR catalyst. The SCRF® was loaded with 2 and 4 g/L of PM prior to the NOx reduction tests to study the effect of PM loading on the NOx reduction and NH3 storage performance of the SCRF®. The experimental setup and test procedures for evaluation of NOx reduction performance of the SCRF®, with and without PM loading in the SCRF® are described. The 1-D SCR model developed at MTU was calibrated to the engine experimental data obtained from the seven NOx reduction tests conducted with the production-2013-SCR. The performance of the 1-D SCR model was validated by comparing the simulation and experimental data for NO, NO2 and NH3 concentrations at the outlet of the SCR. The NO and NO2 concentrations were calibrated to ±20 ppm and NH3 was calibrated to ±20 ppm. The experimental results for the production-2013-SCR indicate that the NOx reduction of 80 - 85% can be achieved for the inlet temperatures below 250°C and above 450°C and NOx reduction of 90 - 95% can be achieved for the inlet temperatures between 300 - 350°C, at ammonia to NOx ratio (ANR) 1.0, while the NH3 slip out of the SCR wasConversely, the SCRF® showed 90 - 95 % NOx reduction at ANR of 1.0, while the NH3 slip out of the SCRF® was >50 ppm, with and without PM loading in the SCRF®, for the inlet temperature range of 200 - 450°C, space velocity in the range of 13 to 48 k/hr and inlet NO2/NOx in the range of 0.2 to 0.5. The NOx reduction in the SCRF® increases to >98 % at ANR 1.2. However, the NH3 slip out of the SCRF® increases significantly at ANR 1.2. xviii The effect of PM loading at 2 and 4 g/L on the NOx reduction performance of the SCRF® was negligible below 300°C. However, with PM loading in the SCRF®, the NOx reduction decreased by 3 - 5% when compared to the clean SCRF®, for inlet temperature >350°C. Experimental data were also collected by reference [1] to investigate the NO2 assisted PM oxidation in the SCRF® for the inlet temperature range of 260 - 370°C, with and without urea injection and thermal oxidation of PM in the SCRF® for the inlet temperature range of 500 - 600°C, without urea injection by reference [1]. The experimental data obtained from this study and [1] will be used to develop and calibrate the SCR-F model at Michigan Tech. The NH3 storage for the production-2013-SCR and the SCRF® (with and without PM loading) were determined from the steady state engine experimental data. The NH3 storage for the production-2013-SCR and the SCRF® (without PM loading) were within ±5 gmol/m3 of the substrate, with maximum NH3 storage of 75 - 80 gmol/m3 of the substrate, at the SCR/SCRF® inlet temperature of 200°C. The NH3 storage in the SCRF®, with 2 g/L PM loading, decreased by 30%, when compared to the NH3 storage in the SCRF®, without PM loading. The further increase in the PM loading in the SCRF®, from 2 to 4 g/L, had negligible effect on NH3 storage.

An Experimental and Modeling Study of the Filtration and Oxidation Characteristics of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter

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Author : Kiran C. Premchand
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (254 download)

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Book Synopsis An Experimental and Modeling Study of the Filtration and Oxidation Characteristics of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter by : Kiran C. Premchand

Download or read book An Experimental and Modeling Study of the Filtration and Oxidation Characteristics of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter written by Kiran C. Premchand and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Experimental Studies for CPF and SCR Model, Control System, and OBD Development for Engines Using Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels

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Book Synopsis Experimental Studies for CPF and SCR Model, Control System, and OBD Development for Engines Using Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels by :

Download or read book Experimental Studies for CPF and SCR Model, Control System, and OBD Development for Engines Using Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research carried out on this project developed experimentally validated Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) high-fidelity models that served as the basis for the reduced order models used for internal state estimation. The high-fidelity and reduced order/estimator codes were evaluated by the industrial partners with feedback to MTU that improved the codes. Ammonia, particulate matter (PM) mass retained, PM concentration, and NOX sensors were evaluated and used in conjunction with the estimator codes. The data collected from PM experiments were used to develop the PM kinetics using the high-fidelity DPF code for both NO2 assisted oxidation and thermal oxidation for Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel (ULSF), and B10 and B20 biodiesel fuels. Nine SAE papers were presented and this technology transfer process should provide the basis for industry to improve the OBD and control of urea injection and fuel injection for active regeneration of the PM in the DPF using the computational techniques developed. This knowledge will provide industry the ability to reduce the emissions and fuel consumption from vehicles in the field. Four MS and three PhD Mechanical Engineering students were supported on this project and their thesis research provided them with expertise in experimental, modeling, and controls in aftertreatment systems.

An Experimental and Modeling Study of Two Diesel Oxidation Catalyst-catalyzed Particulate Filter Systems and the Effects of a Cracked Filter on Its Performance

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Author : Rayomand H. Dabhoiwala
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis An Experimental and Modeling Study of Two Diesel Oxidation Catalyst-catalyzed Particulate Filter Systems and the Effects of a Cracked Filter on Its Performance by : Rayomand H. Dabhoiwala

Download or read book An Experimental and Modeling Study of Two Diesel Oxidation Catalyst-catalyzed Particulate Filter Systems and the Effects of a Cracked Filter on Its Performance written by Rayomand H. Dabhoiwala and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF NO2 AND TEMPERATURE ON THE PASSIVE OXIDATION AND ACTIVE REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER

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Book Synopsis AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF NO2 AND TEMPERATURE ON THE PASSIVE OXIDATION AND ACTIVE REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER by :

Download or read book AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF NO2 AND TEMPERATURE ON THE PASSIVE OXIDATION AND ACTIVE REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : In this study the oxidation of particulate matter (PM) retained in a catalyzed particulate filter (CPF) is investigated to understand the kinetics of PM oxidation. Seven passive oxidation and four active regeneration experiments were performed on a Cummins ISB 2013 280 hp engine and the production aftertreatment system adapted to a lab setup, in order to study the NO2 assisted and thermal oxidation of the PM retained in the CPF. The CPF was loaded with PM produced by the engine and the PM was then oxidized in the CPF under various Passive Oxidation (PO) and Active Regeneration (AR) conditions. First, the engine was operated at an engine condition that produced PM at a greater rate than the production setting, in order to load the CPF to 3.0±0.4 g/L in a suitable time of 6 hours. To study the NO2 assisted oxidation, exhaust at pre-determined engine conditions with low PM concentration (2 concentration and temperature was flowed through the CPF. During the PO testing, the exhaust temperature into the CPF varied from 299 - 385°C, the NO2 concentration varied between 137 - 1013 ppm and the exhaust mass flowrate varied between 3.63 - 12.0 kg/min. Thermal oxidation was studied by operating the engine at a specific condition where the exhaust at the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) inlet was at a higher temperature than the light-off temperature of hydrocarbon oxidation in the DOC (300 °C). Late combustion cycle fuel dosing was performed and the hydrocarbons in the dosed fuel were oxidized across the DOC. This created an exotherm and raised the exhaust temperature into the CPF to the required value between 498 - 575°C to oxidize the PM retained in the CPF at the end of loading, by reaction with O2. The O2 concentration into the CPF varied between 8.17 to 9.03%. It was found that the NO2 assisted kinetics could be represented using the standard Arrhenius equation. The activation energy obtained using the standard Arrhenius model, is 94 kJ/gmol and the pre-exponential factor obtained is 25.5 1/ppm/s. The thermal oxidation reaction rate could be similarly represented using the O2 concentration and temperature over the range of conditions studied. The activation energy for thermal oxidation was found to be 136 kJ/gmol and the pre-exponential factor obtained is 3.56 1/ppm/s. It was found that for two of the passive oxidation tests, the reaction rates were higher than that predicted using the Arrhenius representation. The Loading Engine Condition also showed higher reaction kinetics than the NO2assisted kinetics. The engine and exhaust conditions as well as reaction rates obtained as part of this study are intended to be compared to the corresponding values obtained for a SCR-in-DPF substrate that is currently being studied at Michigan Tech as the next phase of study. The purpose of this comparison is to understand the difference in performance of both aftertreatment systems in light of their respective weights and volumes. The data obtained during this study is also being used to calibrate the 1-D CPF model at MTU. An introduction to the model is provided in this thesis, and the important variables of the study that are also used for model calibration are presented in the appropriate sections.

A Modeling Study of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and Catalyzed Particulate Filter During Loading and Active Regeneration

Author : Harsha Shankar Surenahalli
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (656 download)

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Book Synopsis A Modeling Study of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and Catalyzed Particulate Filter During Loading and Active Regeneration by : Harsha Shankar Surenahalli

Download or read book A Modeling Study of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and Catalyzed Particulate Filter During Loading and Active Regeneration written by Harsha Shankar Surenahalli and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-FIDELITY MODEL AND KALMAN FILTER BASED STATE ESTIMATOR FOR SIMULATION AND CONTROL OF NOX REDUCTION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-FIDELITY MODEL AND KALMAN FILTER BASED STATE ESTIMATOR FOR SIMULATION AND CONTROL OF NOX REDUCTION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF by :

Download or read book DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-FIDELITY MODEL AND KALMAN FILTER BASED STATE ESTIMATOR FOR SIMULATION AND CONTROL OF NOX REDUCTION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Reduction of emissions and improving the fuel consumption are two prime research areas in Diesel engine development. The present after-treatment systems being used for emissions control include diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) for NO, HC and CO oxidation along with catalyzed particulate filters for PM (particulate matter) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for controlling NOx emissions. Recently an after-treatment system called SCR catalyst on a DPF capable of simultaneously reducing both NOx and PM emissions has been developed in order to reduce the overall size of the after-treatment system. The goal of this proposed research is to create a state estimator that is capable of estimating the internal states of temperature distribution, PM distribution, NH3 storage faction as well as pressure drop across the filter and outlet concentration of NO, NO2 and NH3 for different operating conditions. This would help in achieving an optimal urea dosing strategy during NOx reduction as well as an optimum fuel dosing strategy during active regeneration for the SCR catalyst on a DPF. The motivation for this research comes from the desire to quantify the interaction of SCR reactions and PM oxidation in the SCR catalyst on a DPF and to use the mathematical model created in the process to develop a state estimator that can provide optimal control and onboard diagnostics of combined SCR catalyst on a DPF devices. In the initial phase of the research a high-fidelity SCR-F model is being developed in MATLAB/Simulink which is capable of predicting the filtration efficiency, temperature distribution, PM distribution, pressure drop across the filter and outlet concentrations of NO, NO2 and NH3. This model will be calibrated using experimental data collected on a Cummins 2013 ISB SCRF®. After the validation of the SCR-F model, the high-fidelity SCR-F model developed will be used with an existing 1D SCR model to perform NOx reduction studies on a system consisting of SCRF® + SCR using experimental data. This step will be followed by development of a reduced order SCR-F model using a coarser mesh (e.g. 5x5 vs 10x10) and simplified governing equations which will also be used as the mathematical model for the state estimator. SCR-F state estimator will be developed to accurately predict the internal states of NH3 coverage fraction, temperature distribution, PM distribution and pressure drop across the SCR catalyst on the DPF. The estimator will be validated using experimental data.

A Study of the Filtration and Particulate Matter Oxidation Characteristics of Two Wall-flow Diesel Particulate Filters

Author : Anand S. Shende
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (557 download)

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Book Synopsis A Study of the Filtration and Particulate Matter Oxidation Characteristics of Two Wall-flow Diesel Particulate Filters by : Anand S. Shende

Download or read book A Study of the Filtration and Particulate Matter Oxidation Characteristics of Two Wall-flow Diesel Particulate Filters written by Anand S. Shende and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proceedings of China SAE Congress 2023: Selected Papers

Author : China Society of Automotive Engineers
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819702526
Total Pages : 1601 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of China SAE Congress 2023: Selected Papers by : China Society of Automotive Engineers

Download or read book Proceedings of China SAE Congress 2023: Selected Papers written by China Society of Automotive Engineers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 1601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts

Author : Isabella Nova
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489980717
Total Pages : 715 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts by : Isabella Nova

Download or read book Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts written by Isabella Nova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.

Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470974028
Total Pages : 3888 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 3888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Erstmals eine umfassende und einheitliche Wissensbasis und Grundlage für weiterführende Studien und Forschung im Bereich der Automobiltechnik. Die Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering ist die erste umfassende und einheitliche Wissensbasis dieses Fachgebiets und legt den Grundstein für weitere Studien und tiefgreifende Forschung. Weitreichende Querverweise und Suchfunktionen ermöglichen erstmals den zentralen Zugriff auf Detailinformationen zu bewährten Branchenstandards und -verfahren. Zusammenhängende Konzepte und Techniken aus Spezialbereichen lassen sich so einfacher verstehen. Neben traditionellen Themen des Fachgebiets beschäftigt sich diese Enzyklopädie auch mit "grünen" Technologien, dem Übergang von der Mechanik zur Elektronik und den Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung sicherer, effizienterer Fahrzeuge unter weltweit unterschiedlichen wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Das Referenzwerk behandelt neun Hauptbereiche: (1) Motoren: Grundlagen; (2) Motoren: Design; (3) Hybrid- und Elektroantriebe; (4) Getriebe- und Antriebssysteme; (5) Chassis-Systeme; (6) Elektrische und elektronische Systeme; (7) Karosserie-Design; (8) Materialien und Fertigung; (9) Telematik. - Zuverlässige Darstellung einer Vielzahl von Spezialthemen aus dem Bereich der Automobiltechnik. - Zugängliches Nachschlagewerk für Jungingenieure und Studenten, die die technologischen Grundlagen besser verstehen und ihre Kenntnisse erweitern möchten. - Wertvolle Verweise auf Detailinformationen und Forschungsergebnisse aus der technischen Literatur. - Entwickelt in Zusammenarbeit mit der FISITA, der Dachorganisation nationaler Automobil-Ingenieur-Verbände aus 37 Ländern und Vertretung von über 185.000 Ingenieuren aus der Branche. - Erhältlich als stets aktuelle Online-Ressource mit umfassenden Suchfunktionen oder als Print-Ausgabe in sechs Bänden mit über 4.000 Seiten. Ein wichtiges Nachschlagewerk für Bibliotheken und Informationszentren in der Industrie, bei Forschungs- und Schulungseinrichtungen, Fachgesellschaften, Regierungsbehörden und allen Ingenieurstudiengängen. Richtet sich an Fachingenieure und Techniker aus der Industrie, Studenten höherer Semester und Studienabsolventen, Forscher, Dozenten und Ausbilder, Branchenanalysen und Forscher.

Oxidation of Particulate Matter by NO2

Author : Laura Batchellí Gibert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxidation of Particulate Matter by NO2 by : Laura Batchellí Gibert

Download or read book Oxidation of Particulate Matter by NO2 written by Laura Batchellí Gibert and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road transportation is one of the largest contributors to air pollution, large efforts have been made to limit automobile emissions. Most of the pollutants from car emissions come from incomplete combustion of fuel in the engine. This work is focused on particulate matter (PM) which is formed from small graphite structures in the combustion chamber at high pressure. Particulate matter has a lot of negative effects, regarding both health and environment. That's why specific filters for this kind of pollutant have been developed and commercialized: the so called Diesel Particulate Filters. The challenging step in these filters is the regeneration step which consists on burning the soot that is trapped in the filter. One solution to get rid of this soot is the oxidation by NO2. In order to get a better understanding of the oxidation of particulate matter by NO2, Temperature Programmed Oxidations (TPO) and Isothermal Oxidations needed to be performed with NO2 with O2 in addition or in absence. The experiments were conducted in a gas flow reactor tube using Printex U as a model carbon for PM. After the reactor, different analyzers measured the outlet concentrations of each gas. CO and CO2 concentrations were measured by non‐dispersive infrared analyzers and the NOX measurements were analyzed by a chemiluminescense analyzer. Heat and mass transfer were checked in the reactor and was found that the experimental conditions have to be carefully selected in order to study the kinetics of PM oxidation by NO2. NO2 depletion and NOX equilibrium were studied and taken into account in order to interpret the results accurately. Oxygen has clearly an enhancing effect on oxidation by NO2 which cannot fully be explained by reoxidation of NO. The estimation of activation energy requires isothermal experiments at high NO2 concentrations, where the NO2 depletion could be neglected. The estimated values for activation found are 45 kJ/mol for CO and 70 kJ/mol for CO2. It is seen that the variation of the reaction order with respect to NO2 in a range from 0.5 to 2 have an influence on the activation energyvalues.