Experiment Design and Optimization in Complex Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Experiment Design and Optimization in Complex Systems by : P. Sadegh

Download or read book Experiment Design and Optimization in Complex Systems written by P. Sadegh and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Uncertainty Management in Simulation-Optimization of Complex Systems

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1489975470
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Uncertainty Management in Simulation-Optimization of Complex Systems by : Gabriella Dellino

Download or read book Uncertainty Management in Simulation-Optimization of Complex Systems written by Gabriella Dellino and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​This book aims at illustrating strategies to account for uncertainty in complex systems described by computer simulations. When optimizing the performances of these systems, accounting or neglecting uncertainty may lead to completely different results; therefore, uncertainty management is a major issues in simulation-optimization. Because of its wide field of applications, simulation-optimization issues have been addressed by different communities with different methods, and from slightly different perspectives. Alternative approaches have been developed, also depending on the application context, without any well-established method clearly outperforming the others. This editorial project brings together — as chapter contributors — researchers from different (though interrelated) areas; namely, statistical methods, experimental design, stochastic programming, global optimization, metamodeling, and design and analysis of computer simulation experiments. Editors’ goal is to take advantage of such a multidisciplinary environment, to offer to the readers a much deeper understanding of the commonalities and differences of the various approaches to simulation-based optimization, especially in uncertain environments. Editors aim to offer a bibliographic reference on the topic, enabling interested readers to learn about the state-of-the-art in this research area, also accounting for potential real-world applications to improve also the state-of-the-practice. Besides researchers and scientists of the field, the primary audience for the proposed book includes PhD students, academic teachers, as well as practitioners and professionals. Each of these categories of potential readers present adequate channels for marketing actions, e.g. scientific, academic or professional societies, internet-based communities, and authors or buyers of related publications.​

Experiments

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118211537
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis Experiments by : C. F. Jeff Wu

Download or read book Experiments written by C. F. Jeff Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for the First Edition: "If you . . . want an up-to-date, definitive reference written by authors who have contributed much to this field, then this book is an essential addition to your library." —Journal of the American Statistical Association Fully updated to reflect the major progress in the use of statistically designed experiments for product and process improvement, Experiments, Second Edition introduces some of the newest discoveries—and sheds further light on existing ones—on the design and analysis of experiments and their applications in system optimization, robustness, and treatment comparison. Maintaining the same easy-to-follow style as the previous edition while also including modern updates, this book continues to present a new and integrated system of experimental design and analysis that can be applied across various fields of research including engineering, medicine, and the physical sciences. The authors modernize accepted methodologies while refining many cutting-edge topics including robust parameter design, reliability improvement, analysis of non-normal data, analysis of experiments with complex aliasing, multilevel designs, minimum aberration designs, and orthogonal arrays. Along with a new chapter that focuses on regression analysis, the Second Edition features expanded and new coverage of additional topics, including: Expected mean squares and sample size determination One-way and two-way ANOVA with random effects Split-plot designs ANOVA treatment of factorial effects Response surface modeling for related factors Drawing on examples from their combined years of working with industrial clients, the authors present many cutting-edge topics in a single, easily accessible source. Extensive case studies, including goals, data, and experimental designs, are also included, and the book's data sets can be found on a related FTP site, along with additional supplemental material. Chapter summaries provide a succinct outline of discussed methods, and extensive appendices direct readers to resources for further study. Experiments, Second Edition is an excellent book for design of experiments courses at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for practicing engineers and statisticians.

Mission Oriented Effectiveness Evaluation and Optimization of Complex Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536193800
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (938 download)

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Book Synopsis Mission Oriented Effectiveness Evaluation and Optimization of Complex Systems by : De Ping Zhang

Download or read book Mission Oriented Effectiveness Evaluation and Optimization of Complex Systems written by De Ping Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the development and wide application of new information technology, the trend of informationization, intelligence and integration for complex systems is becoming increasingly obvious. Various complex systems promote and restrict each other to form an organic system with a feature of system emergence.The goal of these complex systems is to accomplish complex tasks in very complicated and uncertain environments and get better results than people expect. System effectiveness is always used to measure the design quality and capacity of complex systems. It represents the comprehensive capability of a complex system to perform specific tasks under specific conditions. To guide the optimization design process, improve design quality, reduce the design lifecycle and ultimately enhance the overall capabilities of complex systems, it is necessary to find a scientific method to evaluate and optimize the system effectiveness of the complex system.At present, there are many methods to evaluate system effectiveness, but most of the evaluation objects are mainly single equipment or a subsystem. Complex systems have various typical characteristics of large scale, complex relationships, diverse tasks, and typical uncertainties. It is difficult to achieve comprehensive evaluation and it is not effective to use the existing simple methods directly. Because the existing research on comprehensive evaluation of system effectiveness struggles to meet the emergence requirements of complex systems, it is necessary to research and form a comprehensive evaluation and optimization method of system effectiveness for the complex system.The basic theories and applications of effectiveness evaluation and optimization technology are introduced in this book. The book contains nine chapters, the main contents of which are as follows: Introduction; Construction of Effectiveness Evaluation Index System; Mathematical Modeling and Analysis Technology of Effectiveness Index; Analysis Technology of Classical Effectiveness Evaluation; Mission Oriented Effectiveness Evaluation Technology; Operational Effectiveness Sensitivity Analysis Technology; Analysis Technology of System Effectiveness Contribution; Mission oriented Modeling; and Evaluation and Optimization of Complex Systems.The main content of this book includes: the entire analyzing process of system effectiveness and complex system performance; the construction, selection and modeling of the index system; the evaluation of system effectiveness; and the analysis of sensitivity and contribution, among other topics. Each chapter has a close logical relationship, which can help the readers understand the field more easily. This book has strong practicality. Based on the basic theories of various methods, we provide many concrete cases. Readers can quickly apply them to the practice of effectiveness evaluation following the case studies. The authors' research and applications provide not only theoretical knowledge, but practical knowledge as well. The latest technological developments are also considered. This book mainly discusses the performance evaluation of typical complex systems, focusing on new theories and methods in this field. We believe this can help the development and application of effectiveness evaluation of complex systems.This book can be used as reference material or as a textbook for high grade students and graduated students in computer simulation and system modeling and simulation, control science and engineering. It also has important reference value for researchers and engineers in professional fields such as ship engineering, aircraft guidance and control, and aircraft design.

Optimization of Complex Systems: Theory, Models, Algorithms and Applications

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030218031
Total Pages : 1164 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization of Complex Systems: Theory, Models, Algorithms and Applications by : Hoai An Le Thi

Download or read book Optimization of Complex Systems: Theory, Models, Algorithms and Applications written by Hoai An Le Thi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains 112 papers selected from about 250 submissions to the 6th World Congress on Global Optimization (WCGO 2019) which takes place on July 8–10, 2019 at University of Lorraine, Metz, France. The book covers both theoretical and algorithmic aspects of Nonconvex Optimization, as well as its applications to modeling and solving decision problems in various domains. It is composed of 10 parts, each of them deals with either the theory and/or methods in a branch of optimization such as Continuous optimization, DC Programming and DCA, Discrete optimization & Network optimization, Multiobjective programming, Optimization under uncertainty, or models and optimization methods in a specific application area including Data science, Economics & Finance, Energy & Water management, Engineering systems, Transportation, Logistics, Resource allocation & Production management. The researchers and practitioners working in Nonconvex Optimization and several application areas can find here many inspiring ideas and useful tools & techniques for their works.

Optimal Design of Complex Mechanical Systems

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540343555
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimal Design of Complex Mechanical Systems by : Giampiero Mastinu

Download or read book Optimal Design of Complex Mechanical Systems written by Giampiero Mastinu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-20 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents foundations and practical application of multi-objective optimization methods to Vehicle Design Problems, bolstered with an extensive collection of examples. Opening with a broad theoretical introduction to the optimization of complex mechanical systems and multi-objective optimization methods, the book presents several applications which are extensively exposed here for the first time. The book includes examples of proposed methods to the solution of real vehicle design problems.

Metaheuristics

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387719210
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Metaheuristics by : Karl F. Doerner

Download or read book Metaheuristics written by Karl F. Doerner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-13 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book’s aim is to provide several different kinds of information: a delineation of general metaheuristics methods, a number of state-of-the-art articles from a variety of well-known classical application areas as well as an outlook to modern computational methods in promising new areas. Therefore, this book may equally serve as a textbook in graduate courses for students, as a reference book for people interested in engineering or social sciences, and as a collection of new and promising avenues for researchers working in this field.

Complex Systems Design & Management

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642252036
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Complex Systems Design & Management by : Omar Hammami

Download or read book Complex Systems Design & Management written by Omar Hammami and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-11 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains all refereed papers that were accepted to the second edition of the « Complex Systems Design & Management » (CSDM 2011) international conference that took place in Paris (France) from December 7 to December 9, 2011. (Website: http://www.csdm2011.csdm.fr/). These proceedings cover the most recent trends in the emerging field of complex systems sciences & practices from an industrial and academic perspective, including the main industrial domains (transport, defense & security, electronics, energy & environment, e-services), scientific & technical topics (systems fundamentals, systems architecture& engineering, systems metrics & quality, systemic tools) and system types (transportation systems, embedded systems, software & information systems, systems of systems, artificial ecosystems). The CSDM 2011 conference is organized under the guidance of the CESAMES non-profit organization (http://www.cesames.net/).

Handbook of Optimization in Complex Networks

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461408571
Total Pages : 539 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Optimization in Complex Networks by : My T. Thai

Download or read book Handbook of Optimization in Complex Networks written by My T. Thai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-25 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex Social Networks is a newly emerging (hot) topic with applications in a variety of domains, such as communication networks, engineering networks, social networks, and biological networks. In the last decade, there has been an explosive growth of research on complex real-world networks, a theme that is becoming pervasive in many disciplines, ranging from mathematics and computer science to the social and biological sciences. Optimization of complex communication networks requires a deep understanding of the interplay between the dynamics of the physical network and the information dynamics within the network. Although there are a few books addressing social networks or complex networks, none of them has specially focused on the optimization perspective of studying these networks. This book provides the basic theory of complex networks with several new mathematical approaches and optimization techniques to design and analyze dynamic complex networks. A wide range of applications and optimization problems derived from research areas such as cellular and molecular chemistry, operations research, brain physiology, epidemiology, and ecology.

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Complex Structures Under Uncertainty

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040113516
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Complex Structures Under Uncertainty by : Debiao Meng

Download or read book Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Complex Structures Under Uncertainty written by Debiao Meng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-09-02 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the realm of engineering structures design, the inevitability of uncertainties poses a significant challenge. Uncertainty-Based Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization (UBMDO) stands out for its dual ability to precisely quantify the impact of uncertain variables and harness the potential of multidisciplinary design and optimization, thereby attracting considerable attention. From basic theory to advanced applications, this book helps readers achieve more efficient and reliable design optimization in complex systems through rich case studies and practical technical guidance. The book systematically expounds the fundamental theories and methods of UBMDO, encompassing crucial techniques such as uncertainty modeling, sensitivity analysis, approximate modeling, and uncertainty-based optimization. It also introduces various uncertainty analysis methods, such as stochastic, non-probabilistic, and hybrid approaches, aiding readers in comprehending and managing uncertainty within systems. Through diverse practical engineering cases in fields like machinery, aerospace, and energy, it illustrates the specific application and implementation process of the UBMDO method. Rich graphics, algorithms, and simulation results augment the practicality and applicability of the theoretical knowledge. Furthermore, it explores in depth the future development trends and challenges of UBMDO, sparking innovative thinking and research interests among readers in this field. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Complex Structures Under Uncertainty caters to a diverse audience: Engineers specializing in multidisciplinary design optimization are given the tools to master uncertainty management, and researchers in related fields will gain important theoretical insights and practical guidance in uncertainty analysis. Additionally, scholars and educators can utilize the book as a comprehensive resource for advanced courses, enabling students to grasp the latest UBMDO applications. Decision makers and managers handling complex systems can extract methods from the book, facilitating improved risk assessment, and strategic development through uncertainty-based optimization.

Topics in the Analysis and Optimization of Complex Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Topics in the Analysis and Optimization of Complex Systems by : William S. Meisel

Download or read book Topics in the Analysis and Optimization of Complex Systems written by William S. Meisel and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general thrust of the research is the development of approaches to improving the utility of computer-oriented quantitative methods in practical decision-making and system design. The research was directed at obtaining acceptable system models in two ways: (1) by repro-modeling (making a more efficient model of) a complex model based on physical processes; and (2) by developing empirical models based on limited measurements of the system. (Modified author abstract).

Control, Optimization, and Mathematical Modeling of Complex Systems

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Publisher : Mdpi AG
ISBN 13 : 9783036576404
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (764 download)

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Book Synopsis Control, Optimization, and Mathematical Modeling of Complex Systems by : Mikhail Posypkin

Download or read book Control, Optimization, and Mathematical Modeling of Complex Systems written by Mikhail Posypkin and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2023-06-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex systems have long been an integral part of modern life and can be encountered everywhere. Undertaking a comprehensive study of such systems is a challenging problem, one which is impossible to solve without the use of contemporary mathematical modeling techniques. Mathematical models form the basis for the optimal design and control of complex systems. The present reprint contains all the articles accepted and published in the Special Issue of Mathematics entitled "Control, Optimization, and Mathematical Modeling of Complex Systems". This Special Issue is focused on recent theoretical and computational studies of complex systems modeling, control, and optimization. The topics addressed in this Special Issue cover a wide range of areas, including numerical simulation in physical, social, and life sciences; the modeling and analysis of complex systems based on mathematical methods and AI/ML approaches; control problems in robotics; design optimization of complex systems, modeling in economics and social sciences; stochastic models in physics and engineering; mathematical models in material science; and high-performance computing for mathematical modeling. It is our hope that the scientific results presented in this reprint will serve as valuable sources of documentation and inspiration to those seeking to delve into complex systems modeling, control, and optimization and examine their wide-ranging applications.

Optimization in Practice with MATLAB®

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316381374
Total Pages : 503 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization in Practice with MATLAB® by : Achille Messac

Download or read book Optimization in Practice with MATLAB® written by Achille Messac and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimization in Practice with MATLAB® provides a unique approach to optimization education. It is accessible to both junior and senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as industry practitioners. It provides a strongly practical perspective that allows the student to be ready to use optimization in the workplace. It covers traditional materials, as well as important topics previously unavailable in optimization books (e.g. numerical essentials - for successful optimization). Written with both the reader and the instructor in mind, Optimization in Practice with MATLAB® provides practical applications of real-world problems using MATLAB®, with a suite of practical examples and exercises that help the students link the theoretical, the analytical, and the computational in each chapter. Additionally, supporting MATLAB® m-files are available for download via www.cambridge.org.messac. Lastly, adopting instructors will receive a comprehensive solution manual with solution codes along with lectures in PowerPoint with animations for each chapter, and the text's unique flexibility enables instructors to structure one- or two-semester courses.

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization

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Publisher : SIAM
ISBN 13 : 9780898713596
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Multidisciplinary Design Optimization by : Natalia M. Alexandrov

Download or read book Multidisciplinary Design Optimization written by Natalia M. Alexandrov and published by SIAM. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) has recently emerged as a field of research and practice that brings together many previously disjointed disciplines and tools of engineering and mathematics. MDO can be described as a technology, environment, or methodology for the design of complex, coupled engineering systems, such as aircraft, automobiles, and other mechanisms, the behavior of which is determined by interacting subsystems.

Handbook of Research on Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Complex Systems

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Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799857905
Total Pages : 685 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Complex Systems by : Azar, Ahmad Taher

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Complex Systems written by Azar, Ahmad Taher and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-12-05 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current literature on dynamic systems is quite comprehensive, and system theory’s mathematical jargon can remain quite complicated. Thus, there is a need for a compendium of accessible research that involves the broad range of fields that dynamic systems can cover, including engineering, life sciences, and the environment, and which can connect researchers in these fields. The Handbook of Research on Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Complex Systems is a comprehensive reference book that describes the recent developments in a wide range of areas including the modeling, analysis, and control of dynamic systems, as well as explores related applications. The book acts as a forum for researchers seeking to understand the latest theory findings and software problem experiments. Covering topics that include chaotic maps, predictive modeling, random bit generation, and software bug prediction, this book is ideal for professionals, academicians, researchers, and students in the fields of electrical engineering, computer science, control engineering, robotics, power systems, and biomedical engineering.

Topics in the Analysis and Optimization of Complex Systems

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Topics in the Analysis and Optimization of Complex Systems by : William S. Meisel

Download or read book Topics in the Analysis and Optimization of Complex Systems written by William S. Meisel and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general theme of the research is the development of methodology to bridge the gap between computer-oriented quantitative methods and the needs of system designers and decision-makers faced with systems of significant complexity. Two major areas are emphasized in this research: General means for the development of efficient but accurate models, by repro-modeling a complex model or by the creation of empirical models; The optimization of strategy or system design with respect to multiple criteria. Research results in these areas are outlined, particularly multivariate, nonlinear data-analytic techniques required by both problems.

Novel Computational Methods for Stochastic Design Optimization of High-dimensional Complex Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (917 download)

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Book Synopsis Novel Computational Methods for Stochastic Design Optimization of High-dimensional Complex Systems by : Xuchun Ren

Download or read book Novel Computational Methods for Stochastic Design Optimization of High-dimensional Complex Systems written by Xuchun Ren and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this study is to develop new computational methods for robust design optimization (RDO) and reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) of high-dimensional, complex engineering systems. Four major research directions, all anchored in polynomial dimensional decomposition (PDD), have been defined to meet the objective. They involve: (1) development of new sensitivity analysis methods for RDO and RBDO; (2) development of novel optimization methods for solving RDO problems; (3) development of novel optimization methods for solving RBDO problems; and (4) development of a novel scheme and formulation to solve stochastic design optimization problems with both distributional and structural design parameters. The major achievements are as follows. Firstly, three new computational methods were developed for calculating design sensitivities of statistical moments and reliability of high-dimensional complex systems subject to random inputs. The first method represents a novel integration of PDD of a multivariate stochastic response function and score functions, leading to analytical expressions of design sensitivities of the first two moments. The second and third methods, relevant to probability distribution or reliability analysis, exploit two distinct combinations built on PDD: the PDD-SPA method, entailing the saddlepoint approximation (SPA) and score functions; and the PDD-MCS method, utilizing the embedded Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) of the PDD approximation and score functions. For all three methods developed, both the statistical moments or failure probabilities and their design sensitivities are both determined concurrently from a single stochastic analysis or simulation. Secondly, four new methods were developed for RDO of complex engineering systems. The methods involve PDD of a high-dimensional stochastic response for statistical moment analysis, a novel integration of PDD and score functions for calculating the second-moment sensitivities with respect to the design variables, and standard gradient-based optimization algorithms. The methods, depending on how statistical moment and sensitivity analyses are dovetailed with an optimization algorithm, encompass direct, single-step, sequential, and multi-point single-step design processes. Thirdly, two new methods were developed for RBDO of complex engineering systems. The methods involve an adaptive-sparse polynomial dimensional decomposition (AS-PDD) of a high-dimensional stochastic response for reliability analysis, a novel integration of AS-PDD and score functions for calculating the sensitivities of the failure probability with respect to design variables, and standard gradient-based optimization algorithms, resulting in a multi-point, single-step design process. The two methods, depending on how the failure probability and its design sensitivities are evaluated, exploit two distinct combinations built on AS-PDD: the AS-PDD-SPA method, entailing SPA and score functions; and the AS-PDD-MCS method, utilizing the embedded MCS of the AS-PDD approximation and score functions. In addition, a new method, named as the augmented PDD method, was developed for RDO and RBDO subject to mixed design variables, comprising both distributional and structural design variables. The method comprises a new augmented PDD of a high-dimensional stochastic response for statistical moment and reliability analyses; an integration of the augmented PDD, score functions, and finite-difference approximation for calculating the sensitivities of the first two moments and the failure probability with respect to distributional and structural design variables; and standard gradient-based optimization algorithms, leading to a multi-point, single-step design process. The innovative formulations of statistical moment and reliability analysis, design sensitivity analysis, and optimization algorithms have achieved not only highly accurate but also computationally efficient design solutions. Therefore, these new methods are capable of performing industrial-scale design optimization with numerous design variables.