Experience-dependent Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (549 download)

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Book Synopsis Experience-dependent Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex by : Mikhail Y. Frenkel

Download or read book Experience-dependent Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex written by Mikhail Y. Frenkel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Passive Experience-dependent Plasticity in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Passive Experience-dependent Plasticity in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex by : Dustin Jared Hayden

Download or read book Passive Experience-dependent Plasticity in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex written by Dustin Jared Hayden and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulus-selective response plasticity (SRP) is a form of experience-dependent plasticity readily measured in primary visual cortex (V1) of mice. Chronic local field potential (LFP) recordings in layer 4 (L4) of V1 allow for the tracking of visually evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to phase-reversing sinusoidal grating stimuli. As a given visual stimulus becomes familiar to the mouse, the VEP magnitude increases. This increase in VEP magnitude is highly selective to stimulus features, such as the orientation, spatial frequency, and contrast of the grating. Previous work has shown that SRP requires synaptic mechanisms that are not only hallmarks of Hebbian synaptic plasticity, but also the engagement of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) inhibitory interneurons. Herein we build upon this foundational work and show that SRP expression can be explained as the engagement of two different interneuron subclasses: somatostatin-positive (SOM+) and PV+ cells. Familiar visual stimuli induce an increase in low-frequency (10-30 Hz) oscillations and an increase in SOM+ cell activity in L4. Conversely, novel visual stimuli induce an increase in high-frequency (60-80 Hz) oscillations and an increase in PV+ cell activity in L4. These differences in oscillations and cell activities to familiar and novel stimuli emerge in the seconds after the start of a block of stimuli. Finally, we show using laminar recordings in V1 that familiar stimuli cause elevated peak firing throughout most layers compared to novel stimuli, but reduced overall activity due to quick attenuation of the evoked signal. Together, these data further develop our understanding of experience-dependent plasticity.

Understanding Experience-dependent Plasticity of Cellular and Network Activity in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Experience-dependent Plasticity of Cellular and Network Activity in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex by : Taekeun Kim (Ph. D.)

Download or read book Understanding Experience-dependent Plasticity of Cellular and Network Activity in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex written by Taekeun Kim (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensory experiences in daily life modulates corresponding primary sensory cortices and eventually alter our behavior in a befitting manner. One of the most impactful sensory modules is vision. Primary visual cortex (V1) in mammals is particularly malleable during a juvenile critical period, but this plasticity lasts even in adulthood. A representative form of visual cortical plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) plasticity following temporary monocular deprivation (MD). Here, we used a mouse model of amblyopia and revealed that juvenile OD plasticity, which manifests as depression of response to the deprived eye, requires expression of an immediate early gene, Arc. Also, the juvenile OD shift requires the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in layer 4 excitatory principal neurons in V1. Another simple but powerful phenomenon of an adult form of visual cortical plasticity is stimulus-selective response potentiation (SRP). SRP is induced simply through experience to the same gratings visual stimulus over days, resulting in potentiation of visually-evoked potentials (VEPs) in layer 4 of V1. Due to the lack of studies regarding the cellular and network activity changes coincident with the induction of SRP, we have used calcium indicator expressing mice to visualize cellular activity across days of SRP training. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we found that there is indeed no significant net change in the population of active neurons during presentation of the familiar (trained) visual stimulus. Follow-up endoscopic calcium imaging revealed that rather, there is a significant reduction of somatic calcium responses selectively for the familiar visual stimulus on the test day following 5 days of SRP induction. Interestingly, the cellular calcium response to the first presentation of the familiar visual stimulus in each block was substantially similar to the response to those of a novel, yet unseen visual stimulus. However, calcium responses to the familiar visual stimulus dramatically decreased as stimulation was repeated in each presentation block within, and across days of SRP training, whereas the response to the novel visual stimulus on the test day was maintained. The findings that short-latency VEP responses are potentiated, while the slower responses revealed by calcium imaging are depressed suggest that feedback inhibition in V1 is strongly recruited by visual recognition of familiar stimulus. A number of previous studies have suggested that deficits in experience-dependent sensory cortical plasticity and perceptual learning are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome and schizophrenia. Our results, therefore, may contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these disorders and may help inform ways of intervention and treatments.

Deficient Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Visual Cortex of Arc Null Mice

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (449 download)

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Book Synopsis Deficient Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Visual Cortex of Arc Null Mice by : Cortina Luann McCurry

Download or read book Deficient Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Visual Cortex of Arc Null Mice written by Cortina Luann McCurry and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) 3) Open eye potentiation fails to occur after extended deprivation in the absence of Arc 4) Arc is required for stimulus response potentiation in juvenile animals. 5) Arc is not required for the synaptic scaling up of response suggesting a specific role in Hebbian plasticity. 6) Single cell analysis within the binocular zone of Arc-GFP homozygotes reveals that the distribution of Arc lacking GFP-positive cells does not display a contralateral-bias as compared to controls, and the majority of Arc-lacking GFP-positive cells receive equal input from each eye, suggesting that Arc is critical for synaptic weakening during development. Together, these experiments illustrate the essential role for Arc in experience-dependent plasticity within the visual system.

Structural Mechanisms of Experience-dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (967 download)

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Book Synopsis Structural Mechanisms of Experience-dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex by : Rachel W. Schecter

Download or read book Structural Mechanisms of Experience-dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex written by Rachel W. Schecter and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in the sensory experience of an animal shapes behavior through synaptic plasticity. Modification in the strength of synaptic drive can result from adjustments in the strength of existing synapses, creation of new synapses, or removal of existing ones and involves presynaptic, postsynaptic, and extra-synaptic mechanisms. Ocular dominance (OD) plasticity following brief periods of monocular deprivation (MD) is a classic example of experience-dependent change, which leads to a rapid weakening of cortical responsiveness to the deprived eye and a strengthening of responsiveness to the non-deprived eye. Though there is clear anatomical reorganization following long periods of lid suture, only recently has brief periods (3 days) of MD has been shown to drive structural plasticity of thalamic input to binocular visual cortex. The exact molecular and synaptic mechanisms responsible for rapid OD shifts remain unclear. In my thesis work, I address the requirement of proper microglial functioning via the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) in OD plasticity following 3 days of MD. I first identify increased lysosomal content in microglia within layer 4 (L4) of binocular visual cortex following MD, which suggests microglia participate in this structural rearrangement. As it is currently believed that a major axis of communication between neurons and microglia occurs via fractalkine and its specific receptor CX3CR1, I investigated OD plasticity within the CX3CR1 KO mouse. My experiments reveal increased lysosomal content, structural plasticity of thalamocortical synapses, and OD shifts measured with visually evoked potentials (VEPs) all occur normally in this mutant mouse as a result of 3 days of MD with only subtle differences when compared to WT mice. I conclude that, while microglia may have a role in the anatomical and functional experience-dependent cortical plasticity driven by brief lid suture, it does not require CX3CR1.

Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Rodent Visual Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Rodent Visual Cortex by : Nathaniel B. Sawtell

Download or read book Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Rodent Visual Cortex written by Nathaniel B. Sawtell and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neuronal Circuits of Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Primary Visual Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuronal Circuits of Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Primary Visual Cortex by : Evelyn Dylda

Download or read book Neuronal Circuits of Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Primary Visual Cortex written by Evelyn Dylda and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Maturation and Experience-dependent Plasticity of the Developing Visual Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (769 download)

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Book Synopsis The Maturation and Experience-dependent Plasticity of the Developing Visual Cortex by : Kevin R. Duffy

Download or read book The Maturation and Experience-dependent Plasticity of the Developing Visual Cortex written by Kevin R. Duffy and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mechanisms of Ocular Dominance Plasticity in the Juvenile and Adult Mouse Visual Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (744 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Ocular Dominance Plasticity in the Juvenile and Adult Mouse Visual Cortex by : Lena A. Khibnik

Download or read book Mechanisms of Ocular Dominance Plasticity in the Juvenile and Adult Mouse Visual Cortex written by Lena A. Khibnik and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocular dominance (OD) plasticity is a classic example of bidirectional experience-dependent plasticity in the primary visual cortex. This form of plasticity is most robust during early postnatal development (termed the "critical period"), when monocular deprivation (MD) leads to a rapid weakening of responses evoked through the deprived eye followed by a delayed strengthening of non-deprived eye inputs. It has been proposed that these bidirectional changes occur as a three-stage process: first, degradation of patterned visual input weakens deprived-eye responses via homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD); this is accompanied by a shift in the plasticity modification threshold (0m) that determines the direction of synaptic plasticity, such that synaptic strengthening is favored over synaptic weakening; finally, weak open-eye responses are strengthened via the mechanisms of homosynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP). Despite the growing evidence supporting this model of experience-dependent synaptic modification, the exact molecular and synaptic mechanisms that are responsible for these processes remain controversial. In my thesis work, I address three questions. First, I attempt to parse the relative contribution of excitatory and inhibitory processes to expression of the OD shift in order to understand how deprived-eye depression is expressed in the cortex. To address this, I first induce a shift in OD with 3 days of MD and then use several pharmacological methods to shut off cortical inhibitory synaptic transmission. I demonstrate that rapid deprived-eye depression is strongly expressed at excitatory thalamocortical synapses without any influences of polysynaptic intracortical inhibition. In the second part of my work, I try to resolve the nature/identity of the molecular mechanism that underlies the regulation of [theta]m. Using a transgenic mouse model, I find that a reduction in the NR2A/B subunit ratio of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor during MD alters the qualities of OD plasticity by impairing weakening of deprived-eye inputs and enhancing strengthening of open-eye inputs. These findings suggest that NMDAR subunit composition may specify the value and the rate of adjustment of synaptic 0m, which in turn determines the bidirectional cortical response to MD. The final portion of my thesis addresses the factors that limit OD plasticity beyond the critical period. I test the hypothesis that the developmental increase in intracortical GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission is a fundamental restricting factor for adult cortical plasticity and demonstrate that parvalbumin-expressing fast-spiking basket cells are specifically implicated in the absence of juvenile-like deprived-eye depression in adult mice.

From Neurons to Neighborhoods

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309069882
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis From Neurons to Neighborhoods by : National Research Council

Download or read book From Neurons to Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

The Maturation and Experience-dependent Plasticity of the Developing Visual Cortex [microform]

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Publisher : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (769 download)

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Book Synopsis The Maturation and Experience-dependent Plasticity of the Developing Visual Cortex [microform] by : Kevin R. Duffy

Download or read book The Maturation and Experience-dependent Plasticity of the Developing Visual Cortex [microform] written by Kevin R. Duffy and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2001 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Perceptual Learning

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262062213
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Perceptual Learning by : Manfred Fahle

Download or read book Perceptual Learning written by Manfred Fahle and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptual learning is the specific and relatively permanent modification of perception and behaviour following sensory experience. This book presents advances made during the 1990s in this rapidly growing field.

Spike-timing dependent plasticity

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Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889190439
Total Pages : 575 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Spike-timing dependent plasticity by : Henry Markram

Download or read book Spike-timing dependent plasticity written by Henry Markram and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hebb's postulate provided a crucial framework to understand synaptic alterations underlying learning and memory. Hebb's theory proposed that neurons that fire together, also wire together, which provided the logical framework for the strengthening of synapses. Weakening of synapses was however addressed by "not being strengthened", and it was only later that the active decrease of synaptic strength was introduced through the discovery of long-term depression caused by low frequency stimulation of the presynaptic neuron. In 1994, it was found that the precise relative timing of pre and postynaptic spikes determined not only the magnitude, but also the direction of synaptic alterations when two neurons are active together. Neurons that fire together may therefore not necessarily wire together if the precise timing of the spikes involved are not tighly correlated. In the subsequent 15 years, Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) has been found in multiple brain brain regions and in many different species. The size and shape of the time windows in which positive and negative changes can be made vary for different brain regions, but the core principle of spike timing dependent changes remain. A large number of theoretical studies have also been conducted during this period that explore the computational function of this driving principle and STDP algorithms have become the main learning algorithm when modeling neural networks. This Research Topic will bring together all the key experimental and theoretical research on STDP.

Experience-dependent Spatial Expectations in Mouse Visual Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Experience-dependent Spatial Expectations in Mouse Visual Cortex by : Aris Fiser

Download or read book Experience-dependent Spatial Expectations in Mouse Visual Cortex written by Aris Fiser and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Circuit Refinement in Mouse Visual Cortex During Development

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Circuit Refinement in Mouse Visual Cortex During Development by : Man Ho Wong

Download or read book Circuit Refinement in Mouse Visual Cortex During Development written by Man Ho Wong and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Circuit refinement is an important developmental process ensuring correct wiring of synaptic connections. During circuit refinement, favorable connections are generated or strengthened while unfavored ones are weakened or eliminated. Such rewiring of synaptic connections during development is not a random but a sophisticated process with activity or experience-dependent plasticity involved. Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-silent synapses, lacking AMPARs and therefore not transmitting at resting potential, act as the substrates for plasticity and lik...

Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Mouse Barrel Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (717 download)

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Book Synopsis Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Mouse Barrel Cortex by : Nathalie Johnston-Wenger

Download or read book Experience-dependent Plasticity in the Mouse Barrel Cortex written by Nathalie Johnston-Wenger and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mechanisms of Homeostatic Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Homeostatic Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex by : Rosanna Sammons

Download or read book Mechanisms of Homeostatic Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex written by Rosanna Sammons and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During development, newly established cortical circuits are undergoing a period of experience dependent refinement. Visual deprivation during this time leads to the induction of plasticity mechanisms, including homeostatic plasticity measures. These are a distinct set of plasticity mechanisms thought to play a role in maintaining stability within networks, and preventing large perturbations in overall activity levels. Homeostatic plasticity mechanisms can be divided into synaptic and intrinsic mechanisms. While details of individual mechanisms are reasonably well understood, details of how these different mechanisms are linked to one another are much less clear. In this thesis, I investigate the relationship between structural and functional forms of synaptic and intrinsic plasticity in layer 2/3 neurons in the monocular visual cortex, before and after induction of plasticity via monocular enucleation. I find that while axon initial segment (AIS) plasticity takes place following deprivation, in both pyramidal neurons, and a subset of inhibitory neurons, it does not correlate with functional measures of excitability. However, in control conditions, I do find a relationship between the synaptic inputs of a neuron, and its intrinsic excitability. Following deprivation, this relationship is altered. Specifically, I find that the activity status of the neuron affects the level of intrinsic excitability, and to some extent, the synaptic input to the cell. Putatively inactive neurons show increased excitability, and trend towards stronger synaptic input in comparison to their active counterparts. These differences between active and inactive cells may reflect the engagement of homeostatic mechanisms in inactive cells, in order to restore their activity levels.