Exceptional Violence

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Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822350866
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Exceptional Violence by : Deborah A. Thomas

Download or read book Exceptional Violence written by Deborah A. Thomas and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dead bodies, 2004-2005 -- Deviant bodies, 2005/1945 -- Spectacular bodies, 1816/2007 -- Public bodies, 2003 -- Resurrected bodies, 1963/2007 -- Coda. Repairing bodies.

Exceptional Violence

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Author :
Publisher : Duke University Press Books
ISBN 13 : 9780822350682
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis Exceptional Violence by : Deborah A. Thomas

Download or read book Exceptional Violence written by Deborah A. Thomas and published by Duke University Press Books. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exceptional Violence is a sophisticated examination of postcolonial state formation in the Caribbean, considered across time and space, from the period of imperial New World expansion to the contemporary neoliberal era, and from neighborhood dynamics in Kingston to transnational socioeconomic and political fields. Deborah A. Thomas takes as her immediate focus violence in Jamaica and representations of that violence as they circulate within the country and abroad. Through an analysis encompassing Kingston communities, Jamaica’s national media, works of popular culture, notions of respectability, practices of punishment and discipline during slavery, the effects of intensified migration, and Jamaica’s national cultural policy, Thomas develops several arguments. Violence in Jamaica is the complicated result of a structural history of colonialism and underdevelopment, not a cultural characteristic passed from one generation to the next. Citizenship is embodied; scholars must be attentive to how race, gender, and sexuality have been made to matter over time. Suggesting that anthropologists in the United States should engage more deeply with history and political economy, Thomas mobilizes a concept of reparations as a framework for thinking, a rubric useful in its emphasis on structural and historical lineages.

Remaking the Exceptional

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Publisher : Dapaul Art Museum
ISBN 13 : 9781737760900
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis Remaking the Exceptional by : Amber Ginsburg

Download or read book Remaking the Exceptional written by Amber Ginsburg and published by Dapaul Art Museum. This book was released on 2022-07-20 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying an exhibition curated by artists Ginsburg and Hughes, this book brings together artwork and writing by torture survivors, artists, and scholars. Since 2009, Chicago-based artists Amber Ginsburg and Aaron Hughes have collaborated on the "Tea Project," an ongoing series of tea ceremony performances and installations inspired by the elaborate etchings made on Styrofoam teacups by detainees at Guantanamo Bay. Produced to accompany the 2022 exhibition curated by Ginsburg and Hughes at DePaul Art Museum, Remaking the Exceptional: Tracing Torture, Justice, and Reparations brings together artworks by former and current detainees from Chicago and abroad, new works by contemporary artists and collectives, and texts by leading scholars working at the intersection of aesthetics and politics.

The Lama Question

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Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824838572
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis The Lama Question by : Christopher Kaplonski

Download or read book The Lama Question written by Christopher Kaplonski and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2014-11-30 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before becoming the second socialist country in the world (after the Soviet Union) in 1921, Mongolia had been a Buddhist feudal theocracy. Combatting the influence of the dominant Buddhist establishment to win the hearts and minds of the Mongolian people was one of the most important challenges faced by the new socialist government. It would take almost a decade and a half to resolve the “lama question,” and it would be answered with brutality, destruction, and mass killings. Chris Kaplonski examines this critical, violent time in the development of Mongolia as a nation-state and its ongoing struggle for independence and recognition in the twentieth century. Unlike most studies that explore violence as the primary means by which states deal with their opponents, The Lama Question argues that the decision to resort to violence in Mongolia was not a quick one; neither was it a long-term strategy nor an out-of control escalation of orders but the outcome of a complex series of events and attempts by the government to be viewed as legitimate by the population. Kaplonski draws on a decade of research and archival resources to investigate the problematic relationships between religion and politics and geopolitics and biopolitics in early socialist Mongolia, as well as the multitude of state actions that preceded state brutality. By examining the incidents and transformations that resulted in violence and by viewing violence as a process rather than an event, his work not only challenges existing theories of political violence, but also offers another approach to the anthropology of the state. In particular, it presents an alternative model to philosopher Georgio Agamben’s theory of sovereignty and the state of exception. The Lama Question will be of interest to scholars and students of violence, the state, biopolitics, Buddhism, and socialism, as well as to those interested in the history of Mongolia and Asia in general.

Violence over the Land

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674020995
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Violence over the Land by : Ned BLACKHAWK

Download or read book Violence over the Land written by Ned BLACKHAWK and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this ambitious book that ranges across the Great Basin, Blackhawk places Native peoples at the center of a dynamic story as he chronicles two centuries of Indian and imperial history that shaped the American West. This book is a passionate reminder of the high costs that the making of American history occasioned for many indigenous peoples.

Arbitrary States

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192598473
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Arbitrary States by : Rebecca Tapscott

Download or read book Arbitrary States written by Rebecca Tapscott and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, scholars have noted the rise of a particular type of authoritarianism worldwide, in which rulers manipulate institutions designed to implement the rule of law so that they instead facilitate the exercise of arbitrary power. Even as scholars puzzle over this seemingly new phenomenon, scholarship on African politics offers helpful answers. This book places literature on the post-colonial African state in conversation with literature on modern authoritarianism, using this to frame over ten months of qualitative field research on Uganda's informal security actors - including vigilante groups, local militias, and community police. Based on this research, the book presents an original framework - called 'institutionalized arbitrariness' - to explain how modern authoritarian rulers project arbitrary power even in environments of relatively functional state institutions, checks and balances and the rule of law. In regimes characterized by institutionalized arbitrariness, the state's stochastic assertions and withdrawals of power inject unpredictability into the political relationship between both local authorities and citizens. This arrangement makes it difficult for citizens to predict which authority, if any, will claim jurisdiction in a given scenario, and what rules will apply. This environment of pervasive political unpredictability limits space for collective action and political claim-making, while keeping citizens marginally engaged in the democratic process. The book is grounded in empirical research and literature theorizing the African state, while seeking to inform a broader debate about contemporary forms of authoritarianism, state-building, and state consolidation. Oxford Studies in African Politics and International Relations is a series for scholars and students working on African politics and International Relations and related disciplines. Volumes concentrate on contemporary developments in African political science, political economy, and International Relations, such as electoral politics, democratization, decentralization, gender and political representation, the political impact of natural resources, the dynamics and consequences of conflict, comparative political thought, and the nature of the continent's engagement with the East and West. Comparative and mixed methods work is particularly encouraged, as is interdisciplinary research and work that considers ethical issues relating to the study of Africa. Case studies are welcomed but should demonstrate the broader theoretical and empirical implications of the study and its wider relevance to contemporary debates. The focus of the series is on sub-Saharan Africa, although proposals that explain how the region engages with North Africa and other parts of the world are of interest. Series Editors: Nic Cheeseman, Professor of Democracy and International Development, University of Birmingham; Peace Medie, Senior Lecturer in Gender and International Politics, University of Bristol; and Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, Professor of the International Politics of Africa, University of Oxford. This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

Violence

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 140083175X
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Violence by : Randall Collins

Download or read book Violence written by Randall Collins and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-03 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the popular misconception fostered by blockbuster action movies and best-selling thrillers--not to mention conventional explanations by social scientists--violence is easy under certain conditions, like poverty, racial or ideological hatreds, or family pathologies. Randall Collins challenges this view in Violence, arguing that violent confrontation goes against human physiological hardwiring. It is the exception, not the rule--regardless of the underlying conditions or motivations. Collins gives a comprehensive explanation of violence and its dynamics, drawing upon video footage, cutting-edge forensics, and ethnography to examine violent situations up close as they actually happen--and his conclusions will surprise you. Violence comes neither easily nor automatically. Antagonists are by nature tense and fearful, and their confrontational anxieties put up a powerful emotional barrier against violence. Collins guides readers into the very real and disturbing worlds of human discord--from domestic abuse and schoolyard bullying to muggings, violent sports, and armed conflicts. He reveals how the fog of war pervades all violent encounters, limiting people mostly to bluster and bluff, and making violence, when it does occur, largely incompetent, often injuring someone other than its intended target. Collins shows how violence can be triggered only when pathways around this emotional barrier are presented. He explains why violence typically comes in the form of atrocities against the weak, ritualized exhibitions before audiences, or clandestine acts of terrorism and murder--and why a small number of individuals are competent at violence. Violence overturns standard views about the root causes of violence and offers solutions for confronting it in the future.

Afro-Paradise

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Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252098099
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Afro-Paradise by : Christen A Smith

Download or read book Afro-Paradise written by Christen A Smith and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tourists exult in Bahia, Brazil as a tropical paradise infused with the black population's one-of-a-kind vitality. But the alluring images of smiling black faces and dancing black bodies masks an ugly reality of anti-black authoritarian violence. Christen A. Smith argues that the dialectic of glorified representations of black bodies and subsequent state repression reinforces Brazil's racially hierarchal society. Interpreting the violence as both institutional and performative, Smith follows a grassroots movement and social protest theater troupe in their campaigns against racial violence. As Smith reveals, economies of black pain and suffering form the backdrop for the staged, scripted, and choreographed afro-paradise that dazzles visitors. The work of grassroots organizers exposes this relationship, exploding illusions and asking unwelcome questions about the impact of state violence performed against the still-marginalized mass of Afro-Brazilians.

Violent Democracies in Latin America

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Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822392038
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Violent Democracies in Latin America by : Enrique Desmond Arias

Download or read book Violent Democracies in Latin America written by Enrique Desmond Arias and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-19 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent political movements to establish democratic rule in Latin American countries, much of the region still suffers from pervasive violence. From vigilantism, to human rights violations, to police corruption, violence persists. It is perpetrated by state-sanctioned armies, guerillas, gangs, drug traffickers, and local community groups seeking self-protection. The everyday presence of violence contrasts starkly with governmental efforts to extend civil, political, and legal rights to all citizens, and it is invoked as evidence of the failure of Latin American countries to achieve true democracy. The contributors to this collection take the more nuanced view that violence is not a social aberration or the result of institutional failure; instead, it is intimately linked to the institutions and policies of economic liberalization and democratization. The contributors—anthropologists, political scientists, sociologists, and historians—explore how individuals and institutions in Latin American democracies, from the rural regions of Colombia and the Dominican Republic to the urban centers of Brazil and Mexico, use violence to impose and contest notions of order, rights, citizenship, and justice. They describe the lived realities of citizens and reveal the historical foundations of the violence that Latin America suffers today. One contributor examines the tightly woven relationship between violent individuals and state officials in Colombia, while another contextualizes violence in Rio de Janeiro within the transnational political economy of drug trafficking. By advancing the discussion of democratic Latin American regimes beyond the usual binary of success and failure, this collection suggests more sophisticated ways of understanding the challenges posed by violence, and of developing new frameworks for guaranteeing human rights in Latin America. Contributors: Enrique Desmond Arias, Javier Auyero, Lilian Bobea, Diane E. Davis, Robert Gay, Daniel M. Goldstein, Mary Roldán, Todd Landman, Ruth Stanley, María Clemencia Ramírez

Rape, Sexual Violence and Transitional Justice Challenges

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351718576
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis Rape, Sexual Violence and Transitional Justice Challenges by : Janine Natalya Clark

Download or read book Rape, Sexual Violence and Transitional Justice Challenges written by Janine Natalya Clark and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is estimated that 20,000 people were subjected to rape and other forms of sexual violence during the 1992–1995 Bosnian war. Today, these men and women have been largely forgotten. Where are they now? To what extent do their experiences continue to affect and influence their lives, and the lives of those around them? What are the principal problems that these individuals face? Such questions remain largely unanswered. More broadly, the long-term consequences of conflict-related rape and sexual violence are often overlooked. Based on extensive interviews with male and female survivors from all ethnic groups in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), this interdisciplinary book addresses a critical gap in the current literature on rape and sexual violence in conflict situations. In so doing, it uniquely situates and explores the legacy of these crimes within a transitional justice framework. Demonstrating that transitional justice processes in BiH have neglected the long-term effects of rape and sexual violence, it develops and operationalizes a new holistic approach to transitional justice that is based on an expanded conception of ‘legacy’ and has a wider application beyond BiH.

Curative Violence

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Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822373513
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Curative Violence by : Eunjung Kim

Download or read book Curative Violence written by Eunjung Kim and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2016-12-09 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Curative Violence Eunjung Kim examines what the social and material investment in curing illnesses and disabilities tells us about the relationship between disability and Korean nationalism. Kim uses the concept of curative violence to question the representation of cure as a universal good and to understand how nonmedical and medical cures come with violent effects that are not only symbolic but also physical. Writing disability theory in a transnational context, Kim tracks the shifts from the 1930s to the present in the ways that disabled bodies and narratives of cure have been represented in Korean folktales, novels, visual culture, media accounts, policies, and activism. Whether analyzing eugenics, the management of Hansen's disease, discourses on disabled people's sexuality, violence against disabled women, or rethinking the use of disabled people as a metaphor for life under Japanese colonial rule or under the U.S. military occupation, Kim shows how the possibility of life with disability that is free from violence depends on the creation of a space and time where cure is seen as a negotiation rather than a necessity.

Violence

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745678793
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Violence by : Richard J. Bernstein

Download or read book Violence written by Richard J. Bernstein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a time when we are overwhelmed with talk and images ofviolence. Whether on television, the internet, films or the videoscreen, we can’t escape representations of actual orfictional violence - another murder, another killing spree in ahigh school or movie theatre, another action movie filled withimages of violence. Our age could well be called “The Age ofViolence” because representations of real or imaginedviolence, sometimes fused together, are pervasive. But what do wemean by violence? What can violence achieve? Are there limits toviolence and, if so, what are they? In this new book Richard Bernstein seeks to answer these questionsby examining the work of five figures who have thought deeply aboutviolence - Carl Schmitt, Walter Benjamin, Hannah Arendt, FrantzFanon, and Jan Assmann. He shows that we have much to learn fromtheir work about the meaning of violence in our times. Through thecritical examination of their writings he also brings out thelimits of violence. There are compelling reasons to commitourselves to non-violence, and yet at the same time we have toacknowledge that there are exceptional circumstances in whichviolence can be justified. Bernstein argues that there can be nogeneral criteria for determining when violence is justified. Theonly plausible way of dealing with this issue is to cultivatepublics in which there is free and open discussion and in whichindividuals are committed to listen to one other: when publicdebate withers, there is nothing to prevent the triumph ofmurderous violence.

Exemplary Violence

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Author :
Publisher : Bucknell Studies in Latin Amer
ISBN 13 : 9781684482627
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis Exemplary Violence by : Alberto Villate-Isaza

Download or read book Exemplary Violence written by Alberto Villate-Isaza and published by Bucknell Studies in Latin Amer. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exemplary Violence: Rewriting History in Colonial Colombia examines three seventeenth-century historical accounts of the New Kingdom of Granada (modern-day Colombia and Venezuela) that outline ideal civic and administrative practice, running counter to colonial realities. Their authors attempt to regulate behavior through instruction to the colonizing elite, ultimately unmasking the ambiguities and constant violence of the colonizers' ideological project.

Struggles for Home

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Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 9781845455231
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (552 download)

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Book Synopsis Struggles for Home by : Stef Jansen

Download or read book Struggles for Home written by Stef Jansen and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2009 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Based on anthropological studies across the globe, this book explores the experiences and contested meanings of home for people whose lives are characterized by migration related to varying forms of violence. Taking seriously the political implications and exploitation of discourses of home in the transnational processes that connect, yet differently affect, the movement of people and capital, it challenges the sedentarist assumption that territoriality and nation are necessarily the primary determinants of identification. However, it does not replace this sedentarism with a free floating, placeless approach. Instead, through the detailed ethnography of actual experiences of displacement and emplacement, it investigates the power sedentarist discourses may have to provide or prohibit hope. In Struggles for Home the focus is turned onto hope, aspiration and a sense of worth as necessary building blocks in the reconstruction of the social, amidst the violence of political and economic transformation. Research conducted in Sri Lanka, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Zambia, Cyprus, the Palestinian West Bank, Guatemala, and amongst Romanians and Moroccans in Spain articulates a novel theoretical framework for the development of a critical political anthropology of one of the most controversial and fascinating issues of our time - the remaking of home in migration."--Jacket.

Violence

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Author :
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 0312427182
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Violence by : Slavoj Zizek

Download or read book Violence written by Slavoj Zizek and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2008-07-22 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosopher, cultural critic, and agent provocateur Zizek constructs a fascinating new framework to look at the forces of violence in the world.

Imaginative Geographies of Algerian Violence

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Author :
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804795835
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Imaginative Geographies of Algerian Violence by : Jacob Mundy

Download or read book Imaginative Geographies of Algerian Violence written by Jacob Mundy and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-09 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The massacres that spread across Algeria in 1997 and 1998 shocked the world, both in their horror and in the international community's failure to respond. In the years following, the violence of 1990s Algeria has become a central case study in new theories of civil conflict and terrorism after the Cold War. Such "lessons of Algeria" now contribute to a diverse array of international efforts to manage conflict—from development and counterterrorism to the Responsibility to Protect doctrine and transitional justice. With this book, Jacob Mundy raises a critical lens to these lessons and practices and sheds light on an increasingly antipolitical scientific vision of armed conflict. Traditional questions of power and history that once guided conflict management have been displaced by neoliberal assumptions and methodological formalism. In questioning the presumed lessons of 1990s Algeria, Mundy shows that the problem is not simply that these understandings—these imaginative geographies—of Algerian violence can be disputed. He shows that today's leading strategies of conflict management are underwritten by, and so attempt to reproduce, their own flawed logic. Ultimately, what these policies and practices lead to is not a world made safe from war, but rather a world made safe for war.

Latin American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence

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Author :
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816540098
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Latin American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence by : Richard J. Chacon

Download or read book Latin American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence written by Richard J. Chacon and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking multidisciplinary book presents significant essays on historical indigenous violence in Latin America from Tierra del Fuego to central Mexico. The collection explores those uniquely human motivations and environmental variables that have led to the native peoples of Latin America engaging in warfare and ritual violence since antiquity. Based on an American Anthropological Association symposium, this book collects twelve contributions from sixteen authors, all of whom are scholars at the forefront of their fields of study. All of the chapters advance our knowledge of the causes, extent, and consequences of indigenous violence—including ritualized violence—in Latin America. Each major historical/cultural group in Latin America is addressed by at least one contributor. Incorporating the results of dozens of years of research, this volume documents evidence of warfare, violent conflict, and human sacrifice from the fifteenth century to the twentieth, including incidents that occurred before European contact. Together the chapters present a convincing argument that warfare and ritual violence have been woven into the fabric of life in Latin America since remote antiquity. For the first time, expert subject-area work on indigenous violence—archaeological, osteological, ethnographic, historical, and forensic—has been assembled in one volume. Much of this work has heretofore been dispersed across various countries and languages. With its collection into one English-language volume, all future writers—regardless of their discipline or point of view—will have a source to consult for further research. CONTENTS Acknowledgments Introduction Richard J. Chacon and Rubén G. Mendoza 1. Status Rivalry and Warfare in the Development and Collapse of Classic Maya Civilization Matt O’Mansky and Arthur A. Demarest 2. Aztec Militarism and Blood Sacrifice: The Archaeology and Ideology of Ritual Violence Rubén G. Mendoza 3. Territorial Expansion and Primary State Formation in Oaxaca, Mexico Charles S. Spencer 4. Images of Violence in Mesoamerican Mural Art Donald McVicker 5. Circum-Caribbean Chiefly Warfare Elsa M. Redmond 6. Conflict and Conquest in Pre-Hispanic Andean South America: Archaeological Evidence from Northern Coastal Peru John W. Verano 7. The Inti Raymi Festival among the Cotacachi and Otavalo of Highland Ecuador: Blood for the Earth Richard J. Chacon, Yamilette Chacon, and Angel Guandinango 8. Upper Amazonian Warfare Stephen Beckerman and James Yost 9. Complexity and Causality in Tupinambá Warfare William Balée 10. Hunter-Gatherers’ Aboriginal Warfare in Western Chaco Marcela Mendoza 11. The Struggle for Social Life in Fuego-Patagonia Alfredo Prieto and Rodrigo Cárdenas 12. Ethical Considerations and Conclusions Regarding Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence in Latin America Richard J. Chacon and Rubén G. Mendoza References About the Contributors Index