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Examination Of Evidence And Report
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Book Synopsis Forensic Examination of Digital Evidence by : U S Department of Justice
Download or read book Forensic Examination of Digital Evidence written by U S Department of Justice and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in the world have shown how simple it is to acquire all sorts of information through the use of computers. This information can be used for a variety of endeavors, and criminal activity is a major one. In an effort to fight this new crime wave, law enforcement agencies, financial institutions, and investment firms are incorporating computer forensics into their infrastructure. From network security breaches to child pornography investiga- tions, the common bridge is the demon- stration that the particular electronic media contained the incriminating evidence. Supportive examination procedures and protocols should be in place in order to show that the electronic media contains the incriminating evidence.
Book Synopsis NIJ Special Report, Forensic Examination of Digital Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement, April 2004 by :
Download or read book NIJ Special Report, Forensic Examination of Digital Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement, April 2004 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
Book Synopsis Forensic Examination of Digital Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement Forensic Examination of Digital Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement by :
Download or read book Forensic Examination of Digital Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement Forensic Examination of Digital Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement written by and published by Jeffrey Frank Jones. This book was released on with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide is intended for use by members of the law enforcement community who are responsible for the examination of digital evidence. The guide, published as an NIJ Special Report, is the second in a series of guides on investigating electronic crime. It deals with common situations encountered during the processing and handling of digital evidence and can be used to help agencies develop their own policies and procedures. This guide is intended for use by law enforcement officers and other members of the law enforcement community who are responsible for the examination of digital evidence. This guide is not all-inclusive. Rather, it deals with common situations encountered during the examination of digital evidence. It is not a mandate for the law enforcement community; it is a guide agencies can use to help them develop their own policies and procedures. Technology is advancing at such a rapid rate that the suggestions in this guide are best examined in the context of current technology and practices. Each case is unique and the judgment of the examiner should be given deference in the implementation of the procedures suggested in this guide. Circumstances of individual cases and Federal, State, and local laws/rules may also require actions other than those described in this guide. When dealing with digital evidence, the following general forensic and procedural principles should be applied: ■ Actions taken to secure and collect digital evidence should not affect the integrity of that evidence. ■ Persons conducting an examination of digital evidence should be trained for that purpose. ■ Activity relating to the seizure, examination, storage, or transfer of digital evidence should be documented, preserved, and available for review. Through all of this, the examiner should be cognizant of the need to conduct an accurate and impartial examination of the digital evidence. How is digital evidence processed? Assessment. Computer forensic examiners should assess digital evidence thoroughly with respect to the scope of the case to determine the course of action to take. Acquisition. Digital evidence, by its very nature, is fragile and can be altered, damaged, or destroyed by improper handling or examination. Examination is best conducted on a copy of the original evidence. The original evidence should be acquired in a manner that protects and preserves the integrity of the evidence. Examination. The purpose of the examination process is to extract and analyze digital evidence. Extraction refers to the recovery of data from its media. Analysis refers to the interpretation of the recovered data and putting it in a logical and useful format. Documenting and reporting. Actions and observations should be documented throughout the forensic processing of evidence. This will conclude with the preparation of a written report of the findings.
Book Synopsis The Criminal Investigation Process by : Peter W. Greenwood
Download or read book The Criminal Investigation Process written by Peter W. Greenwood and published by Free Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Introduction to Criminal Investigation by : Michael Birzer
Download or read book Introduction to Criminal Investigation written by Michael Birzer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The manner in which criminal investigators are trained is neither uniform nor consistent, ranging from sophisticated training protocols in some departments to on-the-job experience alongside senior investigators in others. Ideal for students taking a first course in the subject as well as professionals in need of a refresher, Introduction to Criminal Investigation uses an accessible format to convey concepts in practical, concrete terms. Topics discussed include: The history of criminal investigation in Western society Qualifications for becoming an investigator, the selection process, and ideal training requirements Crime scene search techniques, including planning and post-search debriefing Preparing effective field notes and investigative reports Interviewing and interrogating Types of evidence found at the crime scene and how to collect, package, and preserve it The contributions of forensic science to criminal investigations and the equipment used in crime labs Investigative protocol for a range of crimes, including property crimes, auto theft, arson, financial crimes, homicide, assault, sex crimes, and robbery Specialized investigations, including drug trafficking, cybercrime, and gang-related crime Legal issues involved in criminal investigations and preparing a case for trial Bringing together contributions from law enforcement personnel, academics, and attorneys, the book combines practical and theoretical elements to provide a comprehensive examination of today‘s criminal investigative process. The accessible manner in which the information is conveyed makes this an ideal text for a wide-ranging audience.
Book Synopsis Forensic Analysis by : National Research Council
Download or read book Forensic Analysis written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-26 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1960s, testimony by representatives of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in thousands of criminal cases has relied on evidence from Compositional Analysis of Bullet Lead (CABL), a forensic technique that compares the elemental composition of bullets found at a crime scene to the elemental composition of bullets found in a suspect's possession. Different from ballistics techniques that compare striations on the barrel of a gun to those on a recovered bullet, CABL is used when no gun is recovered or when bullets are too small or mangled to observe striations. Forensic Analysis: Weighing Bullet Lead Evidence assesses the scientific validity of CABL, finding that the FBI should use a different statistical analysis for the technique and that, given variations in bullet manufacturing processes, expert witnesses should make clear the very limited conclusions that CABL results can support. The report also recommends that the FBI take additional measures to ensure the validity of CABL results, which include improving documentation, publishing details, and improving on training and oversight.
Book Synopsis Tire Tread and Tire Track Evidence by : William J. Bodziak
Download or read book Tire Tread and Tire Track Evidence written by William J. Bodziak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-02-19 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Along with firearms, tool marks, fingerprints, and footwear, the analysis of tire marks is a key area within the forensic discipline of impression evidence. Tire Tread and Tire Track Evidence presents practical methods for recovering, examining, and interpreting this evidence within the context of actual case studies. Including basic information and terminology regarding tires, this book offers advice about the use of photographing and casting in order to recover tire evidence for examination and the proper way to examine and evaluate this evidence. Providing additional resources for further study, this text is filled with photographs to illustrate every aspect of this evidence.
Book Synopsis United States Attorneys' Manual by : United States. Department of Justice
Download or read book United States Attorneys' Manual written by United States. Department of Justice and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Forensic Evidence in Court by : Christine Beck Lissitzyn
Download or read book Forensic Evidence in Court written by Christine Beck Lissitzyn and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Forensic Evidence in Court updates the original version, which was published in 2007. This edition continues to focus on the use of forensic evidence in criminal trials by examining particular case studies. In addition, it adds two new topics: 1. Computer and Digital Forensics 2. Firearms, Ballistics, and Toolmarks This edition includes several significant developments in the use of forensic evidence at trial since 2007. The first is the U.S. Supreme Court case, Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, which established a right under the Confrontation Clause of the U.S. Constitution to cross-examine certain forensic analysts. That case involved an analyst who certified that a substance linked to the defendant was cocaine. This right was subsequently extended to an analyst who performed a blood alcohol test. However, when the Supreme Court was asked to rule on the applicability of this rule to DNA examiners, it stated that the examiner would be required to testify only if the results of the test were "testimonial" in nature. The case has been criticized and some lower courts have subsequently refused to follow it. Another significant development was the release of a report on the scientific reliability of forensic testing in many different areas issued by the National Research Council. The Report, called Strengthening Forensic Evidence: A Path Forward, called for more scientific testing and for standardization in qualification of examiners and in laboratory conditions. The only area of forensic examination that the report viewed as scientifically reliable is DNA. Various government agencies have been established to attempt to implement some of these recommendations. Funding is obviously a huge obstacle to implementing many of the recommendations. A development in forensics itself involved the extension of newer technologies in DNA testing, including a process called "Low Copy DNA," which tests quantities previously too small to type as well as DNA test kits that can be used at crime sites. A further development is the expansion of computer hacking, computer fraud and the ubiquitous nature of computers in society. We have added a new chapter to reflect what will continue to be a contentious issue in court-- "proving location and events with digital evidence." Advances in the psychological sciences have results in courts addressing issues of eyewitness testimony. Courts are coming to realize that eyewitness identifications are not as reliable as once thought. As such, courts are struggling with how best to address these issues: through jury instructions, expert testimony, or though some other method. It has come to light that eyewitness identification issues once thought to be within the "ken" of the average juror are most certainly not, and are appropriate for some manner of court intervention. This book can be used in courses for the following degrees: paralegal, criminal justice, sociology, and political science. Forensic Evidence in Court is also appropriate for use in a legal specialty course. Assignments include case law research, study of rules of evidence, how to select and prepare an expert witness, comparison of legal tests used to admit forensic evidence, study of standards used to review admission of forensic experts on appeal, and written work demonstrating critical analysis. Any attorney can teach this course, using the Teacher's Manual and sample assignments. Adjuncts experienced in criminal law or extensive use of expert testimony are particularly well suited. Guest lecturers from state forensic laboratories and state law enforcement forensic investigators give added perspective.
Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-12-12 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.
Book Synopsis Digital Evidence and the U.S. Criminal Justice System by : Sean E. Goodison
Download or read book Digital Evidence and the U.S. Criminal Justice System written by Sean E. Goodison and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the results of a National Institute of Justice (NIJ)-sponsored research effort to identify and prioritize criminal justice needs related to digital evidence collection, management, analysis, and use. With digital devices becoming ubiquitous, digital evidence is increasingly important to the investigation and prosecution of many types of crimes. These devices often contain information about crimes committed, movement of suspects, and criminal associates. However, there are significant challenges to successfully using digital evidence in prosecutions, including inexperience of patrol officers and detectives in preserving and collecting digital evidence, lack of familiarity with digital evidence on the part of court officials, and an overwhelming volume of work for digital evidence examiners. Through structured interaction with police digital forensic experts, prosecuting attorneys, a privacy advocate, and industry representatives, the effort identified and prioritized specific needs to improve utilization of digital evidence in criminal justice. Several top-tier needs emerged from the analysis, including education of prosecutors and judges regarding digital evidence opportunities and challenges; training for patrol officers and investigators to promote better collection and preservation of digital evidence; tools for detectives to triage analysis of digital evidence in the field; development of regional models to make digital evidence analysis capability available to small departments; and training to address concerns about maintaining the currency of training and technology available to digital forensic examiners.
Download or read book Evidence Found written by David Miranda and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence Found: An Approach to Crime Scene Investigation is not another analysis of forensic errors using an "After the Fact" or "Lessons Learned" approach but a "Before the Fact" guide that examines the thought processes that can lead to those mistakes. Plus a few extras tips and tricks from the author’s experience of over 25 years. Many high-profile crime scene investigations (and routine ones, for that matter) have suffered errors that have had negative impact on the investigation result and in the courtroom. Typically, we examine what happened and develop a useful list of what to do and what not to do, fixing the symptoms but potentially leaving ourselves open to the same error type on the next scene. The reason? Many crime scene mistakes are the result of systemic issues that are repeated due to a failure to include an evaluation of the decision-making process, including our own foundations of knowledge. Through case study and logical argument, this book attempts to provide a framework to recognize, evaluate, and alter negative decision-making patterns, including evaluating our own experience, before they negatively impact an investigation or the overall operation of a forensic unit. Enhances the base concepts of evidence search and sequential processing for error avoidance Examines the systemic areas/practices of a crime scene investigation where errors can occur Includes a Evidence Matrix - a crime scene evaluation tool that aids in sequential processing decisions Contains tips on overcoming common crime scene issues, inlcuding night time searches Provides courtroom Testimony - communicating comparison findings to a jury
Download or read book Just the Facts written by Michael Biggs and published by Pearson. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Just the Facts: Investigative Report Writing can be used for all courses in law enforcement report writing in any criminal justice program. It is also a suitable reference for investigators. Just the Facts brings together all the simple rules and techniques students need to write effective investigative reports in law enforcement. Its user-friendly methodology works in any context, with any crime, regardless of the case’s complexity. Each chapter focuses on one major component of the report writing process, carefully building on what has already been learned. Coverage includes: investigation basics, note taking, narrative writing, describing persons and property, crime and arrest reports, writing interviews and search warrants, and more. Updated with new Learning Objectives, writing exercises, and expanded content the Fifth Edition retains its focus on consistency, simplicity, and thoroughness in documenting the results of an investigation.
Book Synopsis Digital Evidence in the Courtroom by :
Download or read book Digital Evidence in the Courtroom written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Forensic Gait Analysis by : Ivan Birch
Download or read book Forensic Gait Analysis written by Ivan Birch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gait analysis is the systematic study of human walking, using the eye and brain of experienced observers, augmented by instrumentation for measuring body movements, body mechanics, and the activity of the muscles. Since Aristotle’s work on gait analysis more than 2000 years ago, it has become an established clinical science used extensively in the healthcare and rehabilitation fields for diagnosis and treatment. Forensic Gait Analysis details the more recent, and rapidly developing, use of gait analysis in the forensic sciences. The book considers the use of observational gait analysis, based on video recordings, to assist in the process of identification or exclusion. With the increase in use of CCTV and surveillance systems over the last 20 to 30 years, there has been a steady and rapid increase in the use of gait as evidence. Currently, gait analysis is widely used in the UK in criminal investigations, with increasing awareness of its potential use in the US, Europe, and globally. The book details the history of the science, current practices, and of the emergent application to establish best-practice standards that conform to those of other forensic science disciplines. Engagement with the Forensic Science Regulator, and the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences in the UK, and the International Association for Identification has helped to ensure and enhance the quality assurance of forensic gait analysis. However, there remains a fundamental lack of standardized training and methodology for use in evidentiary and investigative casework. This book fills that void, serving as one of the first to describe the current state of practice, capabilities and limitations, and to outline methods, standards of practice and expectations of the gait analyst as a forensic practitioner. Forensic Gait Analysis reflects current research and forensic practice and will serve as a state-of-the-art guide to the use of gait analysis in the forensic context—for both education and training purposes. It will be a welcome addition to the libraries of professionals in the areas of podiatry, gait analysis, forensic video analysis, law enforcement, and legal practice.
Book Synopsis Identifying the Culprit by : National Research Council
Download or read book Identifying the Culprit written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-01-16 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying the Culprit: Assessing Eyewitness Identification makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda.
