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Evidence That The Timing Of The Increase In Progesterone Post Breeding Affects Pregnancy Outcome In Lactating Dairy Cattle
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Book Synopsis Evidence that the Timing of the Increase in Progesterone Post-breeding Affects Pregnancy Outcome in Lactating Dairy Cattle by : Sandra Frances Larson
Download or read book Evidence that the Timing of the Increase in Progesterone Post-breeding Affects Pregnancy Outcome in Lactating Dairy Cattle written by Sandra Frances Larson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals by : Rodney D. Geisert
Download or read book Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals written by Rodney D. Geisert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades technological advances in transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics along with the ability to selectively knockout genes of interest has greatly advanced our understanding of maternal-conceptus interactions that are essential for the establishment and maintenance of a successful pregnancy. This knowledge provides a foundation from which to build research endeavors to help resolve infertility, embryonic loss and recurrent abortion in humans, captive wild animals and important farm species. The present volume on “Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals” brings together current reviews from leading experts to address the diversity of mechanisms by which species establish and maintain pregnancy. Implantation in rodents, dogs, pigs, cattle, sheep, horses, primates, humans and embryonic diapause in wild species are discussed. Reviews will provide current knowledge on the role of endometrial steroid receptors, adhesion factors, cytokines, interferons, steroids, prostaglandins, growth factors and immune cells involved with regulation of conceptus development.
Book Synopsis Hormonal Responses and Pregnancy Outcomes After Five-day Ovulation Synchronization and Presynchronization Programs in Lactating Dairy Cows by : Stephanie Leeann Pulley
Download or read book Hormonal Responses and Pregnancy Outcomes After Five-day Ovulation Synchronization and Presynchronization Programs in Lactating Dairy Cows written by Stephanie Leeann Pulley and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments assessed pregnancy outcomes (pregnancy per AI; P/AI) after 5-d Ovsynch-56 Resynch (RES; GnRH injection 5 d before [GnRH-1; d 0] and 56 h (GnRH-2) after the last PGF2[alpha] [PGF] injection on d 6 given 24 h after first PGF injection on d 5, and TAI on d 8) with and without a 5-d progesterone insert. In Exp. 1, only 76% of 1,023 nonpregnant cows enrolled on d 34 post-AI had high ([equal to or greater than]1 ng/mL) progesterone. The RES-CIDR cows with low progesterone at treatment initiation had greater P/AI than RES-CON (37.7 vs. 29.4%), whereas RES-CIDR cows with high progesterone had lesser P/AI than RES-CON (27.4 vs. 34.3%) suggesting that supplemental progesterone is progesterone-dependent. In Exp. 2, 381 cows were enrolled in similar treatments on d 31 with RES on d 41post-AI plus a third treatment including PG-3-G (Pre-PGF on d 31, Pre-GnRH on d 34, and RES on d 41. The P/AI was similar among treatments but was greater in cows starting RES on d 41 when progesterone was low (44%) than high (33%). Experiment 3 determined LH and ovulatory responses in cows enrolled in two treatments before AI: 1) Pre10 (n = 37): PGF-1 and PGF-2 given 14 d apart (Presynch); or PG3G (n = 33): PGF given concurrent with the PGF-2, 3 d before GnRH-1 followed in 7 d by Ovsynch [injection of GnRH (GnRH-2) 7 d before PGF (PGF-3) and GnRH-3 at either 56 or 72 h after PGF-3] that was initiated 10 d after PGF-2 for Pre10 or 7 d after GnRH-1 of PG3G. The GnRH-1 increased incidences of LH surges and ovulation in PG3G compared with Pre10. The LH in serum of Pre10 was greater than that of cows receiving PG3G after GnRH-2. Following GnRH-3, cows receiving GnRH at 72 h had increased incidence of spontaneous LH surges before GnRH-3. The P/AI for PG3G vs. Pre10 and for 56 vs. 72 h was similar, but the Pre10-72 h treatment combination was less than all other treatment combinations. Release of LH is protocol dependent and flexibility of GnRH timing is an advantage for PG3G before first-service TAI.
Book Synopsis Effect of Time of AI and Supplemental Estradiol on Reproduction of Lactating Dairy Cows by : Juliana Hillegass
Download or read book Effect of Time of AI and Supplemental Estradiol on Reproduction of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Juliana Hillegass and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy by : Julie Whelan
Download or read book Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy written by Julie Whelan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
Book Synopsis Effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hcg) Post-ovulation on Time to Conceptus Attachment in Lactating Dairy Cows by : Alisson Da Mota Santos
Download or read book Effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hcg) Post-ovulation on Time to Conceptus Attachment in Lactating Dairy Cows written by Alisson Da Mota Santos and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing progesterone (P4) during conceptus development is crucial for establishment of pregnancy in dairy cattle. We developed a robust technique to estimate d of conceptus attachment (CA) based on daily within-cow changes in concentrations of pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB; BioPRYN). Highest sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a 12.5% increase in addition to 2 consecutive d of continuous increases when predicting CA. We hypothesized that increasing serum P4 post-ovulation would favor embryonic development and reduce time to CA in lactating dairy cows. The first objective was to determine the effects of treatment with hCG on d2, d5, and d2 and 5 post-ovulation on luteal function and serum P4. Treatment with hCG on d 2 & 5 or on d 5 increased P4 by inducing accessory CL (aCL) and increasing the volume of existing CL. On d 2, hCG increased P4 on d 5 post-ovulation. The second objective was to investigate the effects of treatment with hCG on time to CA. Treatment on d 5 reduced the percentage of cows with CA and increased time to CA. Primiparous cows benefited from ipsilateral aCL against pregnancy loss before d 100 post-AI/ovulation. Delayed time to CA was associated with pregnancy losses before d 35. The highest quartile of P4 on d 5, but not on d 19 & 20, was associated with reduced time to CA. Our hypothesis was not confirmed. Yet, early serum P4, but not late, was associated with time to conceptus attachment in multiparous dairy cows. Our findings indicated that treatment with hCG post-ovulation was not financially advantageous as treatment on d 5 or aCL induced by treatment reduced annual herd profits compared to standard reproductive programs such as Double-Ovsynch and Ovsynch.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Post-insemination Progesterone Supplementation on Pregnancy Rates and Serum Progesterone in Dairy Cows Exposed to Mild Heat Stress by :
Download or read book The Effects of Post-insemination Progesterone Supplementation on Pregnancy Rates and Serum Progesterone in Dairy Cows Exposed to Mild Heat Stress written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of progesterone administered by controlled intravaginal drug release devices (CIDRs) on pregnancy rates and serum progesterone concentrations in heat stressed dairy cows. Trial 1 utilized a CIDR from days 5 through 12 after breeding, and trial 2 utilized a CIDR from days 5 through 19 after breeding. Rectal temperatures and blood samples were obtained from cows every other day throughout the trial. Serum progesterone concentrations were measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA). Pregnancy status was determined on approximately day 30 via transrectal ultrasonography. Mean temperature-humidity index (THI) values were 73.5 for trial 1 and 75.1 for trial 2. These THI values indicated that cows in both trials were subjected to mild heat stress conditions. No significant differences were found between CIDR treated and control cows in serum progesterone concentrations. In trial 1, pregnancy rates were 31.8% vs. 33.3% for control and CIDR treated cows, respectively (p = 0.25). In trial 2 pregnancy rates were 33.3% vs. 26.7% for control and CIDR treated cows, respectively (p = 0.29). In conclusion, supplemental progesterone administered to heat stressed dairy cows after breeding did not improve pregnancy rates or increase serum progesterone concentrations.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Balance and Progesterone Levels as Reproductive Management Tools for Contemporary Multiparous Dairy Cattle by : Noe Alberto Gomez
Download or read book Energy Balance and Progesterone Levels as Reproductive Management Tools for Contemporary Multiparous Dairy Cattle written by Noe Alberto Gomez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reproductive performance of contemporary high producing dairy cattle has decreased in past decades. By examining the energy balance and progesterone concentrations of high producing dairy cows around the time of artificial insemination (AI), this project aimed to contribute understanding of the interface between their nutritional status and reproductive physiology. Thirty-two multiparous dairy cows between 70 and 180 days in milk (DIM) were enrolled at -10 days relative to artificial insemination (AI) and underwent a common 3-injection synchronization protocol of Factrel®, Lutalyse® and Factrel® at -10, -3 and -1 day from AI. Of the 32 cows, 14 were determined pregnant via rectal palpation on day 39 post AI. Coccygeal blood samples of the 32 cows were collected on days -10 and -3 from AI to determine cyclicity of the cows, as well as at AI and 6, 13 and 20 days post-AI. Milk progesterone was measured at 20 days post-AI, and body condition was scored (BCS, 1-5 scale) on days -10, 0, 13 and 27 days relative to AI. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were measured on the same days of BCS as an index of real-time energy balance, but provided no predictive measurement on day 39 of pregnancy. The change in BCS from day -10 to AI, as an index of near-term energy balance, was similarly unpredictive of pregnancy outcome. However, the average BCS of cows pregnant at day 39 post-AI, as an index of long-term energy balance, was higher (2.71 vs 2.42; P = 0.02) on the day of AI compared to non-pregnant cows. Serum progesterone levels of cows pregnant at day 39 post-AI were higher (P 0.05) on days 6, 13 and 20 post-AI and milk progesterone at 20 days post-AI was also higher (P
Download or read book Lactogenesis written by Monica Reynolds and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a symposium, satellite to the 24th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, University of Pennsylvania.
Book Synopsis Condition Scoring of Cattle by : B. G. Lowman
Download or read book Condition Scoring of Cattle written by B. G. Lowman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program by : National Research Council
Download or read book Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward reviews the science that underpins the Bureau of Land Management's oversight of free-ranging horses and burros on federal public lands in the western United States, concluding that constructive changes could be implemented. The Wild Horse and Burro Program has not used scientifically rigorous methods to estimate the population sizes of horses and burros, to model the effects of management actions on the animals, or to assess the availability and use of forage on rangelands. Evidence suggests that horse populations are growing by 15 to 20 percent each year, a level that is unsustainable for maintaining healthy horse populations as well as healthy ecosystems. Promising fertility-control methods are available to help limit this population growth, however. In addition, science-based methods exist for improving population estimates, predicting the effects of management practices in order to maintain genetically diverse, healthy populations, and estimating the productivity of rangelands. Greater transparency in how science-based methods are used to inform management decisions may help increase public confidence in the Wild Horse and Burro Program.
Book Synopsis Designing Foods by : National Research Council
Download or read book Designing Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Book Synopsis Periparturient Diseases of Dairy Cows by : Burim N. Ametaj
Download or read book Periparturient Diseases of Dairy Cows written by Burim N. Ametaj and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the results achieved so far by application of various biological systems (including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) involved in the pathomechanisms and early diagnosis of periparturient diseases as specific biomarkers of disease in cattle. These emerging technologies help to extensively enhance our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of periparturient diseases of transition dairy cows. The book includes a chapter dedicated to ‘omics’ sciences and one that discusses the myths established in animal and veterinary sciences in recent decades and emerging, new paradigms. The diseases discussed include metritis, mastitis, laminitis, ketosis, rumen acidosis, periparturient immunosuppression, gastrointestinal microbiota and their involvement in disease, infertility, fatty liver, milk fever, and retained placenta. This book is intended for academics, veterinarians, animal nutritionists, researchers, and graduate students working in the field of ‘omics sciences’ with a special interest in dairy cattle health.
Book Synopsis Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment by : National Research Council
Download or read book Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-03 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.
Author :United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :728 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Book Synopsis Livestock's Long Shadow by : Henning Steinfeld
Download or read book Livestock's Long Shadow written by Henning Steinfeld and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The assessment builds on the work of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative"--Pref.
