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Author : Kang Ryul Chun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (21 download)
Download or read book Evaporation from Thin Liquid Films written by Kang Ryul Chun and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stability and Evaporation of Thin Liquid Films in Two Phase Flow written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Vaporization of Thin Liquid Films written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental results are presented for saturated nucleate pool boiling of distilled water and ethyl-alcohol from 1-7/8 inch diameter Nickel disks with pool depths from 1.0 inch to a thin film of 0.015 inch. Experimental runs were conducted on a mirrorlike surface using distilled water and ethyl-alcohol; on a grooved surface with distilled water as the working fluid; and on a surface covered with 4 layers of Nickel 50 x 40 mesh with distilled water as the working fluid. Results show that liquid level has little effect on the heat transfer coefficient above a level of 0.2 inch on all three test surfaces; However, below 0.2 inch a rapid increase in the heat transfer coefficient occurs with the lowering of the liquid level. Two types of thin film dryout were noted on the mirrorlike surface: dryout under a dome and dryout in absence of a dome. A grooved surface appears to provide a means of obtaining a stable high heat transfer coefficient at liquid films as thin as 0.015 inch. (Author).
Download or read book Stability and Evaporation of Thin Liquid Films in Two-phase Flow written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Amine Belhadj Mohamed
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Liquid Film Evaporation written by Amine Belhadj Mohamed and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid film evaporation is encountered in various applications including in air humidifiers, in multiple effect distillers in thermal desalination, and in absorption cooling evaporators. It is associated with a falling pure, binary or multicomponent liquid film with associated complex and coupled heat and mass transfer processes. This chapter presents important fundamental aspects inherent to falling film evaporation in several geometrical configurations such as on horizontal tubes and inside inclined or vertical tubes or channels. The first part of the chapter concerns a review of recent works on this topic with emphasis on modeling and simulation features related to falling liquid films with heat and mass transfers. This document aims also to establish a frame for the modeling of the fluid flow with heat and mass transfer in the presence of evaporation. The main governing equations and the appropriate boundary and interfacial conditions corresponding to the fluid flow and associated heat and mass transfer and phase change are systematically presented and discussed for the case of falling film in a vertical channel with the presence of flowing gas mixture. Various simplifications of the governing equations and boundary and interfacial conditions have been proposed and justified. In particular, the formulation with extremely thin liquid film approximation is discussed.
Author : Vineeth Chandran Suja
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)
Download or read book Instabilities and Breakup in Thin Liquid Films written by Vineeth Chandran Suja and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid films having dimensions that are relatively small in the direction normal to their surface are commonly referred to as thin liquid films. Due to their prevalence in nature and due to their unique geometrical characteristics, a comprehensive understanding of thin film dynamics including instabilities and break-up within thin liquid films is of fundamental and practical interest. Practically this understanding is crucial to tuning the stability thin films in a number of important applications such as for stabilizing foams in foods and beverages, destabilizing foams in lubricants, avoiding surface irregularities in liquid coatings and treating ophthalmic disorders originating from the unnatural breakup of the tear film. Fundamentally, the microscopic thickness of these liquid films along with their large surface to volume ratio presents a convenient framework to investigate characteristics of two dimensional flows, and probe the effects of surface phenomenon such as evaporation and surfactant dynamics on fluid flows. Motivated by the importance of thin liquid films, in this thesis, we experimentally investigate the instabilities and break-up within thin liquid films. In the first part of the thesis (Chapters 2 - 4), we develop and optimize experimental tools and protocols for systematically studying thin liquid films. Notably, we show that single bubble/drop experiments are a convenient and complementary technique to study the dynamics of thin liquid films. Subsequently, we detail a new technique for automatically and robustly measuring the spatiotemporal thickness of thin liquid films - hyperspectral interferometry coupled with machine learning. Finally, we will also establish the operating regimes within which the size of bubbles formed on capillaries for single bubble experiments can be precisely controlled to avoid an air compressibility driven shape instabilities. In the subsequent parts of the thesis we utilize the developed tools to study four different problems - Bubble stability in worm like micellar (WLM) polymer solutions (Chapter 5), Lubricant foaming (Chapters 6 - 8), Drying of thin polymer films (Chapter 9) and Dewetting of the tear film (Chapter 10). In Chapter 5, we explore a problem relevant for the cosmetic industry, and characterize the drainage characteristics of thin films between bubbles and flat wormlike micellar solution - air interfaces. The supramolecular structure and elasticity of the wormlike micelles alters the dynamics of film drainage in WLM as compared to those in thin films containing pure surfactants. The unique features of film drainage include film elasticity driven 'dimple recoil' and a single step transition to a Newton black film beyond a critical film thickness. In Chapters 6 - 8, we explore a problem relevant for the lubricant industry, and study the stability of thin liquid films in lubricants with and without antifoams. Utilizing single bubble experiments, we reveal that the stability of thin films between bubbles in lubricant base oils are enhanced by Marangoni flows driven by the differential evaporation of the various components in the oil. Fundamentally, we also show that the spatiotemporal characteristics of these Marangoni flows are regulated by the concentration and volatility of the volatile species in the oil. Interestingly when the concentration of the volatile species approaches 50%, evaporation driven Marangoni flows become chaotic, with disordered spatial structure, chaotic fluctuations, spatially invariant mean film thickness statistics, high sensitivity to initial conditions, rapidly decaying spatial correlation and a power spectrum for thickness fluctuation that obeys a power law scaling that closely resembles the Kolmogorov's -5/3rd scaling. In the presence of filtered lubricants with antifoams, we reveal that the stability of thin films are positively correlated to the number of filtration cycles, and inversely correlated to the nominal filter pore size and the initial antifoam concentration. In Chapter 9 we explore a problem relevant for film coating, and study the drying of aqueous polymer solutions. Depending on the polymer concentration and the polymer diffusivities, we show that a classical Rayleigh-Taylor instability can develop within the drying solution. We also present the scaling laws describing the onset time of the instability as a function of the physical properties and initial polymer concentrations of the solutions. In Chapter 10 we report a platform to characterize the thickness of the tear film in vivo. By qualitatively comparing the dewetting characteristics observed in vivo with in vitro experiments, we will show that the mechanisms of dewetting is influenced by the presence of interfacial rheology. Further we also reveal that the spatial locations that are prone to dewetting are determined by the presence of interfacial rheology and the spatiotemporal drainage characteristics of the tear film. In Chapter 11 we summarize the findings in this thesis and discuss a number of interesting venues for future research.
Author : Donald Kenneth MacKenzie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Vaporization of Thin Liquid Films written by Donald Kenneth MacKenzie and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental results are presented for saturated nucleate pool boiling of distilled water and ethyl-alcohol from 1-7/8 inch diameter Nickel disks with pool depths from 1.0 inch to a thin film of 0.015 inch. Experimental runs were conducted on a mirrorlike surface using distilled water and ethyl-alcohol; on a grooved surface with distilled water as the working fluid; and on a surface covered with 4 layers of Nickel 50 x 40 mesh with distilled water as the working fluid. Results show that liquid level has little effect on the heat transfer coefficient above a level of 0.2 inch on all three test surfaces; However, below 0.2 inch a rapid increase in the heat transfer coefficient occurs with the lowering of the liquid level. Two types of thin film dryout were noted on the mirrorlike surface: dryout under a dome and dryout in absence of a dome. A grooved surface appears to provide a means of obtaining a stable high heat transfer coefficient at liquid films as thin as 0.015 inch. (Author).
Author : Ivan Ivanov
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351408208
Total Pages : 1141 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)
Download or read book Thin Liquid Films written by Ivan Ivanov and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-02-06 with total page 1141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference provided a systematic examination of both the theory and applications of thin liquid films - giving a critical review of major concepts and unresolved or controversial problems, as well as revealing experimental methods. It includes results previously unpublished. Combining the work of 20 leading researchers, Thin Liquid Films furnishes a fundamental overview of thermodynamics of thin liquid films. Generously illustrated with equations, tables and drawling and containing more than 2,200 citations to pertinent literature, this is an authoritative reference for physical, surface, and colloid chemists, biophysicists and physicists; chemical engineers and advanced graduate students in chemistry, chemical engineering, biophysics and physics.
Author : S. Kalliadasis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1848823673
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (488 download)
Download or read book Falling Liquid Films written by S. Kalliadasis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-24 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Falling Liquid Films gives a detailed review of state-of-the-art theoretical, analytical and numerical methodologies, for the analysis of dissipative wave dynamics and pattern formation on the surface of a film falling down a planar inclined substrate. This prototype is an open-flow hydrodynamic instability, that represents an excellent paradigm for the study of complexity in active nonlinear media with energy supply, dissipation and dispersion. It will also be of use for a more general understanding of specific events characterizing the transition to spatio-temporal chaos and weak/dissipative turbulence. Particular emphasis is given to low-dimensional approximations for such flows through a hierarchy of modeling approaches, including equations of the boundary-layer type, averaged formulations based on weighted residuals approaches and long-wave expansions. Whenever possible the link between theory and experiment is illustrated, and, as a further bridge between the two, the development of order-of-magnitude estimates and scaling arguments is used to facilitate the understanding of basic, underlying physics. This monograph will appeal to advanced graduate students in applied mathematics, science or engineering undertaking research on interfacial fluid mechanics or studying fluid mechanics as part of their program. It will also be of use to researchers working on both applied, fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of thin film flows, as well as engineers and technologists dealing with processes involving isothermal or heated films. This monograph is largely self-contained and no background on interfacial fluid mechanics is assumed.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Thinning and Rupture of a Thin Liquid Film on a Heated Surface written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work continues to be the study of dynamics, stability, and rupture (including contact line motions) of thin liquid films, especially with heat and/or mass transfer. Following the publication of a comprehensive paper on thin-film stability and rupture, taking into account evaporation (condensation), thermocapillarity, surface tension, vapor recoil, van der Waals forces, and mass loss (gain), two follow-up papers have appeared. The first examines the conditions for a non-uniformly-heated liquid film to rupture, owing to thermocapillarity, while the second reports experimental results in excellent agreement with the theory on non-isothermal free-surface problems. Another paper extends some previous results to the case where the viscosity of the liquid is a function of temperature. By proper rescaling, it is shown that the evolution equation can be transformed into the constant-viscosity case, so that previous results can be applied directly. Another paper considers the nonlinear growth, steepening, and wavebreaking of an isothermal thin liquid film draining down an inclined plate. The competition between mean flow and evaporation gives important morphological changes that control the heat-transfer process in the wavy regime. A number of other results were obtained. 9 refs.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Thinning and Rupture of a Thin Liquid Film on a Heated Surface. Progress Report, October 1, 1989--September 30, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work continues to be the study of dynamics, stability, and rupture (including contact line motions) of thin liquid films, especially with heat and/or mass transfer. Following the publication of a comprehensive paper on thin-film stability and rupture, taking into account evaporation (condensation), thermocapillarity, surface tension, vapor recoil, van der Waals forces, and mass loss (gain), two follow-up papers have appeared. The first examines the conditions for a non-uniformly-heated liquid film to rupture, owing to thermocapillarity, while the second reports experimental results in excellent agreement with the theory on non-isothermal free-surface problems. Another paper extends some previous results to the case where the viscosity of the liquid is a function of temperature. By proper rescaling, it is shown that the evolution equation can be transformed into the constant-viscosity case, so that previous results can be applied directly. Another paper considers the nonlinear growth, steepening, and wavebreaking of an isothermal thin liquid film draining down an inclined plate. The competition between mean flow and evaporation gives important morphological changes that control the heat-transfer process in the wavy regime. A number of other results were obtained. 9 refs.
Author : John R Thome
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814623296
Total Pages : 1321 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia Of Two-phase Heat Transfer And Flow Ii: Special Topics And Applications (A 4-volume Set) written by John R Thome and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-08-26 with total page 1321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the two-set series is to present a very detailed and up-to-date reference for researchers and practicing engineers in the fields of mechanical, refrigeration, chemical, nuclear and electronics engineering on the important topic of two-phase heat transfer and two-phase flow. The scope of the first set of 4 volumes presents the fundamentals of the two-phase flows and heat transfer mechanisms, and describes in detail the most important prediction methods, while the scope of the second set of 4 volumes presents numerous special topics and numerous applications, also including numerical simulation methods.Practicing engineers will find extensive coverage to applications involving: multi-microchannel evaporator cold plates for electronics cooling, boiling on enhanced tubes and tube bundles, flow pattern based methods for predicting boiling and condensation inside horizontal tubes, pressure drop methods for singularies (U-bends and contractions), boiling in multiport tubes, and boiling and condensation in plate heat exchangers. All of these chapters include the latest methods for predicting not only local heat transfer coefficients but also pressure drops.Professors and students will find this 'Encyclopedia of Two-Phase Heat Transfer and Flow' particularly exciting, as it contains authored books and thorough state-of-the-art reviews on many basic and special topics, such as numerical modeling of two-phase heat transfer and adiabatic bubbly and slug flows, the unified annular flow boiling model, flow pattern maps, condensation and boiling theories, new emerging topics, etc.
Author : Bharat Bhushan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401007365
Total Pages : 961 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Tribology and Bridging the Gap Between the Macro- and Micro/Nanoscales written by Bharat Bhushan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 961 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The word tribology was fIrst reported in a landmark report by P. Jost in 1966 (Lubrication (Tribology)--A Report on the Present Position and Industry's Needs, Department of Education and Science, HMSO, London). Tribology is the science and technology of two interacting surfaces in relative motion and of related subjects and practices. The popular equivalent is friction, wear and lubrication. The economic impact of the better understanding of tribology of two interacting surfaces in relative motion is known to be immense. Losses resulting from ignorance of tribology amount in the United States alone to about 6 percent of its GNP or about $200 billion dollars per year (1966), and approximately one-third of the world's energy resources in present' use, appear as friction in one form or another. A fundamental understanding of the tribology of the head-medium interface in magnetic recording is crucial to the future growth of the $100 billion per year information storage industry. In the emerging microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) industry, tribology is also recognized as a limiting technology. The advent of new scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques (starting with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981) to measure surface topography, adhesion, friction, wear, lubricant-fIlm thickness, mechanical properties all on a micro to nanometer scale, and to image lubricant molecules and the availability of supercomputers to conduct atomic-scale simulations has led to the development of a new fIeld referred to as Microtribology, Nanotribology, or Molecular Tribology (see B. Bhushan, J. N. Israelachvili and U.
Author : Amir Faghri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Evaporation and Heating of Laminar and Turbulent Falling Liquid Films written by Amir Faghri and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Shankar Narayanan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (794 download)
Download or read book Gas Assisted Thin-film Evaporation from Confined Spaces written by Shankar Narayanan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel cooling mechanism based on evaporation of thin liquid films is presented for thermal management of confined heat sources, such as microprocessor hotspots. The underlying idea involves utilization of thin nanoporous membranes for maintaining microscopically thin liquid films by capillary action, while providing a pathway for the vapor generated due to evaporation at the liquid-vapor interface. The vapor generated by evaporation is continuously removed by using a dry sweeping gas keeping the membrane outlet dry. This thesis presents a detailed theoretical, computational and experimental investigation of the heat and mass transfer mechanisms that result in dissipating heat.
Author : Javier Galindo Armendáriz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (451 download)
Download or read book Evaporation and Combustion of Thin Films of Liquid Fuel written by Javier Galindo Armendáriz and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asymptotic methods are used to simplify the resulting nonlinear, unsteady, complex mathematical free-boundary problem. By exploiting the various length scales associated with the problem and the disparity between the density and viscosity of the liquid and its vapor, the problem reduces to a coupled set of evolution equations for the film thickness and the surfactant concentration. Analytical and numerical methods are then utilized to understand the dynamics of liquid films burning in a quiescent air.
Author : Xingyi Shi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Dynamic Evolution of Thin Liquid Films Over Curved Substrates written by Xingyi Shi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We encounter thin liquid films on a daily basis. The micron-thick tear film coating the cornea ensures the clarity of our vision. Pulmonary surfactants coating the air-liquid interface in the alveoli enable us to breath. Lubricant foaming in a gear box can lead to machine degradation and unsafe operations. Textile dye solution films drying unevenly can leave undesirable marks on the fabric. A fundamental understanding of thin liquid film stability is key to optimizing the compositions of the base liquid to suit our needs and applications. In this research, we examine the effects of liquid composition and substrate materials on the dynamics of thin liquid films by building heat and mass transfer models and conducting interferometric experiments via the dynamic fluid-film interferometer. The geometry of a thin liquid film dictates that the liquid-air interactions are critical in affecting the dynamics of the films. Many such interactions can lead to an uneven distribution of surface tension, creating Marangoni flow. The interplay between the Marangoni flow and other physical forces such as capillarity and gravity govern the dynamics of most thin liquid films. A key part of the work focuses on one of the simplest systems that captures all of the major physical forces at play in a thin liquid film: evaporating binary silicone oil films over a glass dome or an air bubble. The binary silicone oil composes of two silicone oils with different viscosity, surface tension, and evaporation rate. Evaporation and the curvature of the substrates create a thin film with varying thickness and composition, thereby surface tension. In the experimental system, a thin film is formed by forcing the curved substrate upward until the apex of the substrate penetrates the initially flat air/liquid interface. The forcing is then stopped and the evolution of the film is recorded by a camera positioned directly above the thin film. Combining experimental observations and theoretical modeling, we elucidate the mechanisms behind the resulting dramatic thin film dynamics. For a binary silicone oil film over a glass dome, at low volume fractions of the less evaporative species ( 0.3%), the liquid film remains axisymmetric and is stabilized by van der Waals interactions and Marangoni flows [1]. At higher concentrations ( 0.35%), the increase in Marangoni flow leads to a film that is more susceptible to ambient disturbances, resulting in asymmetry breakage events [2]. Faster dynamics are observed for an oil film over an air bubble, due to the reduction in resistance to flow. At low volume fractions of the more evaporative species (
