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Evaluative And Explanatory Reasoning
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Book Synopsis Evaluative and Explanatory Reasoning by : Stuart S. Nagel
Download or read book Evaluative and Explanatory Reasoning written by Stuart S. Nagel and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1992-09-21 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a culmination of years of development, and the first to introduce the concepts of superoptimum evaluative and explanatory reasoning. Nagel's new Quorum book will help academic and practicing attorneys in two important ways. By understanding evaluative reasoning, they will gain a better grasp of the appropriate behavior to be adopted to achieve desired goals, and by understanding explanatory reasoning, they will learn why decisions are reached through the hypothesizing of goals or the causal perceptions of decision makers.
Author :H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr. Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9401017697 Total Pages :233 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (1 download)
Book Synopsis Evaluation and Explanation in the Biomedical Sciences by : H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr.
Download or read book Evaluation and Explanation in the Biomedical Sciences written by H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume inaugurates a series concerning philosophy and medicine. There are few, if any, areas of social concern so pervasive as medicine and yet as underexamined by philosophy. But the claim to precedence of the Proceedings of the First Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philos ophy and Medicine must be qualified. Claims to be "first" are notorious in the history of scientific as well as humanistic investigation and the claim that the First Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine has no precedent is not meant to be put in bald form. The editors clearly do not maintain that philosophers and physicians have not heretofore discussed matters of mutual concern, nor that individual philosophers and physicians have never taken up problems and concepts in medicine which are themselves at the boundary or interface of these two disciplines - concepts like "matter," "disease," "psyche. " Surely there have been books published on the logic and philosophy of medi 1 cine. But the formalization of issues and concepts in medicine has not received, at least in this century, sustained interest by professional phi losophers. Groups of philosophers have not engaged medicine in order to explicate its philosophical presuppositions and to sort out the various concepts which appear in medicine. The scope of such an effort takes the philosopher beyond problems and issues which today are subsumed under the rubric "medical ethics.
Book Synopsis Evaluative Research Methods by : Saville Kushner
Download or read book Evaluative Research Methods written by Saville Kushner and published by IAP. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do research students and their supervisors respond in a world of ‘fake news’, the destabilisation of public institutions and the rise of populism? The very foundations of our liberal democracies seem to be under threat, and this implicates social inquiry. Postgraduate research remains one of the few information spaces which are still free of politicisation and committed to validation. This book focuses on democracy in inquiry, and on the role of inquiry in a democracy – how research helps us to deliberate over what counts as of public value. It is a research methods book, but methods shaped by political and ethical purposes, and by the challenge of making judgements about what, in the public sphere, is worthy. We may be looking at a police training program, the siting of a clean energy project, a new school curriculum, maternal health program or an environmental adaptation project – in each case and in others like them we have to negotiate perspectives and claims, forge and justify a consensus, support competing stakeholders with the best information and analyses possible. And we have to make our work defensible – undeniable in the forum of public debate and exchange, examination and accountability. This book, full of examples from contemporary research projects, is designed to help navigate our way through the complexities of social research which focuses on judgements about public action. The book was written with research students and includes examples of their work. It recognises that supervisors often struggle as much as students in meeting the challenges of inquiry that involves some element of evaluative judgement – inquiry that potentially carries consequences. Where there are no quick-and-ready recipes, check-lists or theoretical frameworks – where we confront the particularities of the context in which the research takes place, we are all forced back onto good methodological thinking, and this is the pedagogical framing of the book.
Book Synopsis Writing as a Learning Activity by : Perry Klein
Download or read book Writing as a Learning Activity written by Perry Klein and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writing as a learning activity offers an account of the potentials of writing as a tool for learning. Four aspects of writing emerge particularly clearly through the chapters. First, writing to learn depends on the cognitive strategies of the writer; instruction in such strategies contributes significantly to the ability to use writing as a learning tool. Secondly, strategies for writing and reasoning are largely specific to academic disciplines. Thirdly, writing is not, as traditionally conceived, only an individual ability, but also an activity that is social. It is a collaborative practice facilitated by representational tools-- books, computer, notes, schemata, drawings, etc. – by which knowledge is acquired, organized, and transformed at various levels of complexity. Fourthly, writing is a productive activity, exemplified by the varied and positive effects of writing on learning different subjects at various educational levels.
Book Synopsis New Essays on the Explanation of Action by : C. Sandis
Download or read book New Essays on the Explanation of Action written by C. Sandis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-28 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These previously unpublished essays present the newest developments in the thought of philosophers working on action and its explanation, focusing on a wide range of interlocking issues relating to agency, deliberation, motivation, mental causation, teleology, interpretive explanation and the ontology of actions and their reasons.
Book Synopsis Arguments about Arguments by : Maurice A. Finocchiaro
Download or read book Arguments about Arguments written by Maurice A. Finocchiaro and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-25 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together essays by one of the pre-eminent scholars of informal logic.
Book Synopsis Modality and Explanatory Reasoning by : Boris Kment
Download or read book Modality and Explanatory Reasoning written by Boris Kment and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the ground-breaking work of Saul Kripke, David Lewis, and others in the 1960s and 70s, one dominant interest of analytic philosophers has been in modal truths, which concerns the questions of what is possible and what is necessary. However, there is considerable controversy over the source and nature of necessity. In Modality and Explanatory Reasoning, Boris Kment takes a novel approach to the study of modality that places special emphasis on understanding the origin of modal notions in everyday thought. Kment argues that the concepts of necessity and possibility originate in a common type of thought experiment—counterfactual reasoning—that allows us to investigate explanatory connections. This procedure is closely related to the controlled experiments of empirical science. Necessity is defined in terms of causation and other forms of explanation such as grounding, the relation that connects metaphysically fundamental facts to non-fundamental ones. Therefore, contrary to a widespread view, explanation is more fundamental than modality. The study of modal facts is important for philosophy, not because these facts are of much metaphysical interest in their own right, but because they provide evidence about explanatory relationships. In the course of developing this position, the book offers new accounts of possible worlds, counterfactual conditionals, essential truths and their role in grounding, and a novel theory of how counterfactuals relate to causation and explanation.
Book Synopsis Reason and Explanation by : T. Poston
Download or read book Reason and Explanation written by T. Poston and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-03 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new explanationist account of epistemic justification, Poston argues that the explanatory virtues provide all the materials necessary for a plausible account of justified belief. There are no purely autonomous reasons. Rather reasons occur only within an explanatory coherent set of beliefs.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Extensive and Intensive Teaching of Literature by : Nancy Gillmore Coryell
Download or read book An Evaluation of Extensive and Intensive Teaching of Literature written by Nancy Gillmore Coryell and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Explanatory Item Response Models by : Paul de Boeck
Download or read book Explanatory Item Response Models written by Paul de Boeck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume gives a new and integrated introduction to item response models (predominantly used in measurement applications in psychology, education, and other social science areas) from the viewpoint of the statistical theory of generalized linear and nonlinear mixed models. It also includes a chapter on the statistical background and one on useful software.
Book Synopsis Oxford Studies in Metaethics by : Russ Shafer-Landau
Download or read book Oxford Studies in Metaethics written by Russ Shafer-Landau and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a periodical publication devoted to original philosophical work on the foundations of ethics and includes study being carried out at the intersections of ethical theory with metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of language and philosophy of mind.
Book Synopsis Realistic Evaluation by : Ray Pawson
Download or read book Realistic Evaluation written by Ray Pawson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1997-04-23 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Realistic Evaluation shows how program evaluation needs to be, and can be bettered. It presents a profound yet highly readable critique of current evaluation practice, and goes on to introduce a `manifesto′ and `handbook′ for a fresh approach. The main body of this book is devoted to the articulation of a new evaluation paradigm, which promises greater validity and utility from the findings of evaluation studies. The authors call this new approach `realistic evaluation′. The name reflects the paradigm′s foundation in scientific realist philosophy, its commitment to the idea that programmes deal with real problems rather than mere social constructions, and its primary intention, which is to inform realistic developments in policy making that benefit programme participants and the public. Ray Pawson and Nicholas Tilley argue with passion that scientific evaluation requires a careful blend of theory and method, quality and quantity, ambition and realism. The book offers a complete blueprint for evaluation activities, running from design to data collection and analysis to the cumulation of findings across programmes and onto the realization of research into policy. The argument is developed using practical examples throughout and is grounded in the major fields of programme evaluation. This book will be essential reading for all those involved in the evaluation process especially those researchers, students and practitioners in the core disciplines of sociology, social policy, criminology, health and education. `This book is a must for those engaged in the field, providing a fully illustrated text on evaluation with numerous examples from the criminal justice system. Unusually, it offers something for the academic, practitioner and student alike. I found Pawson and Tilley′s latest work on evaluation an enjoyable and informative read. For myself their "realistic evaluation" clarified and formalised a jumbled set of ideas I had already been developing. Although not everyone will agree with the methodology proposed by the authors, this book is a valuable read as it will cause most of us at least to review our methodological stance′ - International Journal of Police Science and Management `This is an engaging book with a strong sense of voice and communicative task. The voice is sometimes strident, but always clear. Its communicative qualities are evident equally in its structure: lots of signposting for the reader within and across chapters′ - Language Teaching Research `This provocative, elegant and highly insightful book focuses on the effective incorporation of actual practice into the formulation of evaluation methodology. What a pleasure to read sentences like: "The research act involves "learning" a stakeholder′s theories, formalizing them, and "teaching" them back to that informant who is then in a position to comment upon, clarify and further refine the key ideas". Pawson and Tilley have given us a wise, witty and persuasive account of how real practitioner experience might be encouraged to intrude on (and modify) researchers′ concepts about program processes and outcomes. This holds important promise for achieving something that is devoutly to be wished: closer interaction among at least some researchers and some policy makers′ - Eleanor Chelimsky, Past-President of the American Evaluation Association `This is a sustained methodological argument by two wordly-wise social scientists. Unashamedly intellectual, theoretically ambitious yet with a clear but bounded conception of evaluation. It is articulate, occasionally eloquent and always iconoclastic, whilst eschewing "paradigm wars". The Pawson and Tilley "realist" call to arms threatens to take no prisoners among experimentalists, constructivists or pluralists. It is the kind of book that clarifies your thoughts, even when you disagree with everything they say′ - Elliot Stern, The Tavistock Institute
Book Synopsis Critique of the Empiricist Explanation of Morality by : C. W. Maris
Download or read book Critique of the Empiricist Explanation of Morality written by C. W. Maris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: a. 'Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the oftener and the more steadily we reflect on them: the starry heavens above and the moral law within. ' Thus Kant formulates his attitude to morality (Critique of Practical Reason, p. 260). He draws a sharp distinction between these two objects of admiration. The starry sky, he writes, represents my relationship to the natural, empirical world. Moral law, on the other hand, is of a completely different order. It ' . . . begins from my invisible self, my personality, and exhibits me in a world which has true infinity, but which is traceable only by the understanding and with which I discern that I am not in a merely contingent but in a universal and necessary connection (. . . ). ' (p. 260). So Kant sees morality as a separate metaphysical order opposed to the world of empirical phenomena. Human beings belong to both worlds. According to Kant, the personality derives nothing of value from its relationship with the empirical world. His part in the sensuous world of nature places man on a level with any animal which before long must give back to the rest of nature the substances of which it is made.
Book Synopsis New Waves in Metaethics by : Michael S. Brady
Download or read book New Waves in Metaethics written by Michael S. Brady and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-17 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaethics occupies a central place in analytical philosophy, and the last forty years has seen an upsurge of interest in questions about the nature and practice of morality. This collection presents original and ground-breaking research on metaethical issues from some of the very best of a new generation of philosophers working in this field.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Pay and Performance – A Case Study of Mauritius by : Dr. Priya Baguant
Download or read book An Evaluation of Pay and Performance – A Case Study of Mauritius written by Dr. Priya Baguant and published by Archers & Elevators Publishing House. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing Information Processing and Online Reasoning as a Prerequisite for Learning in Higher Education by : Olga Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia
Download or read book Assessing Information Processing and Online Reasoning as a Prerequisite for Learning in Higher Education written by Olga Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-06 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics by : Uri D. Leibowitz
Download or read book Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics written by Uri D. Leibowitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How far should our realism extend? For many years philosophers of mathematics and philosophers of ethics have worked independently to address the question of how best to understand the entities apparently referred to by mathematical and ethical talk. But the similarities between their endeavours are not often emphasised. This book provides that emphasis. In particular, it focuses on two types of argumentative strategies that have been deployed in both areas. The first—debunking arguments—aims to put pressure on realism by emphasising the seeming redundancy of mathematical or moral entities when it comes to explaining our judgements. In the moral realm this challenge has been made by Gilbert Harman and Sharon Street; in the mathematical realm it is known as the 'Benacerraf-Field' problem. The second strategy—indispensability arguments—aims to provide support for realism by emphasising the seeming intellectual indispensability of mathematical or moral entities, for example when constructing good explanatory theories. This strategy is associated with Quine and Putnam in mathematics and with Nicholas Sturgeon and David Enoch in ethics. Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics addresses these issues through an explicitly comparative methodology which we call the 'companions in illumination' approach. By considering how argumentative strategies in the philosophy of mathematics might apply to the philosophy of ethics, and vice versa, the papers collected here break new ground in both areas. For good measure, two further companions for illumination are also broached: the philosophy of chance and the philosophy of religion. Collectively, these comparisons light up new questions, arguments, and problems of interest to scholars interested in realism in any area.
