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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Hardware and Software for a Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation System (SANS) by : Nancy Ann Norton
Download or read book Evaluation of Hardware and Software for a Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation System (SANS) written by Nancy Ann Norton and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the hardware and software for a Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Navigation System (SANS), a self-contained, externally mountable navigation system. The SANS is designed to determine the location of an underwater object using a combination of Global Positioning System (GPS) while surfaced, sand Inertial Navigation System (INS) while submerged. Various experimental testing of the hardware was performed to determine the ability of the GPS navigation system to function within the mission requirements. A test was done to determine the time required to obtain a GPS fix. A test of the system while the antenna was covered with water, was done to determine if the GPS signal could penetrate a shallow while the antenna was covered with water, was done to determine if the GPS signal could penetrate a shallow layer of water. Finally, a sea test was done to determine the feasibility of reacquiring a GPS fix after the system has been submerged during normal ocean wave wash. A computer simulation was written in Common LISP Object System (CLOS) in order to evaluate the errors introduced by using a accelerometer in the INS to determine the climb angle of the AUV while surfacing. The experimental testing of the GPS system showed that the GPS signal is able to penetrate a shallow layer of water covering the antenna, and that the system is able to meet the accuracy and time requirements of the mission while being splashed by wave wash. The simulation results show that the error introduced by measuring climb angle with an accelerometer is minor and will not significantly degrade the accuracy of the system.
Book Synopsis Hardware Integration of the Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation System (SANS) Using a PC/104 Computer by : Kadir Akyol
Download or read book Hardware Integration of the Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation System (SANS) Using a PC/104 Computer written by Kadir Akyol and published by . This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), a small AUV navigation system (SANS) has been developed for research in support of shallow-water mine countermeasures and coastal environmental monitoring. The objective of this thesis is to develop a new version of SANS, aimed at reducing size and increasing reliability by utilizing state-of-the-art hardware components. The new hardware configuration uses a PC/104 computer system, and a Crossbow DMU-VG Six-Axis Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The PC/104 computer provides more computing power and more importantly, increases the reliability and compatibility of the system. Replacing the old IMU with a Crossbow IMU' eliminates the need for an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, and thus reduces the overall size of the SANS. The new hardware components are integrated into a working system. A software interface is developed for each component. An asynchronous Kalman filter is implemented in the current SANS system as a navigation filter. Bench testing is conducted and indicates that the system works properly. The new components reduce the size of the system by 52% and increase the sampling rate to more than 80Hz.
Book Synopsis Testing and Evaluation of the Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation System (SANS) by : Suat Arslan
Download or read book Testing and Evaluation of the Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation System (SANS) written by Suat Arslan and published by . This book was released on 2000-03-01 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), a small AUV navigation system (SANS) was developed for research in support of shallow-water mine countermeasures and coastal environmental monitoring The objective of this thesis is to test and evaluate the SANS performance after tuning the filter gains through a series of testing procedures. The new version of SANS (SANS III) used new hardware components which were smaller, cheaper, and more reliable. A PC/l O4 computer provided more computing power and, increased the reliability and compatibility of the system. Implementing an asynchronous Kalman filter in the position and velocity estimation part of the navigation subsystem improved the navigation accuracy significantly. To determine and evaluate the overall system performance, ground vehicle testing was conducted. Test results showed that the SANS III was able to navigate within + 15 feet of Global Positioning track with no Global Positioning update for three minutes.
Book Synopsis A Software Architecture for a Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation System by : Clark D. Stevens
Download or read book A Software Architecture for a Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation System written by Clark D. Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis documents the development of an interim Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Navigation System (SANS), a self-contained, externally mountable navigation package. The purpose of SANS is to determine the position of a submerged object of interest located by an AUV. The volume of SANS must not exceed 120 cubic inches and total system accuracy of 10.0 meters rms or better is required. An Inertial Navigation System (INS) is implemented to compute the ascent path during transit from an object of interest to the surface. INS hardware components include miniature spin gyroscopes, a compass and a depth transducer interfaced through an analog to digital converter. Global Positioning System (GPS) is used to determine the AUV's location after reaching the surface. The reciprocal of the ascent vector is applied to the AUV's GPS position to accurately determine the location of the target of interest. A primarily object- oriented software architecture is implemented here with extensive software testing to verify the proper operation of key modules. The objective of this thesis is to quantify the adequacy of the selected components in meeting these requirements and to develop a breadboard design demonstrating the basic functions of the interim SANS. This research concludes that the components selected for the interim SANS meet the accuracy requirements provided the AUV maintains a climb angle which is equal to or steeper than 12 degrees from a typical mission depth of 20 meters.
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Wade H. Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 39 (thesis year 1994) a total of 13,953 thesis titles from 21 Canadian and 159 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 39 reports theses submitted in 1994, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Book Synopsis A Software Architecture for a Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation System by : Clark D. Stevens
Download or read book A Software Architecture for a Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation System written by Clark D. Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis documents the development of an interim Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Navigation System (SANS), a self-contained, externally mountable navigation package. The purpose of SANS is to determine the position of a submerged object of interest located by an AUV. The volume of SANS must not exceed 120 cubic inches and total system accuracy of 10.0 meters rms or better is required. An Inertial Navigation System (INS) is implemented to compute the ascent path during transit from an object of interest to the surface. INS hardware components include miniature spin gyroscopes, a compass and a depth transducer interfaced through an analog to digital converter. Global Positioning System (GPS) is used to determine the AUV's location after reaching the surface. The reciprocal of the ascent vector is applied to the AUV's GPS position to accurately determine the location of the target of interest. A primarily object- oriented software architecture is implemented here with extensive software testing to verify the proper operation of key modules. The objective of this thesis is to quantify the adequacy of the selected components in meeting these requirements and to develop a breadboard design demonstrating the basic functions of the interim SANS. This research concludes that the components selected for the interim SANS meet the accuracy requirements provided the AUV maintains a climb angle which is equal to or steeper than 12 degrees from a typical mission depth of 20 meters.
Book Synopsis Design and Evaluation of an Integrated, Self-Contained GPS/INS Shallow- Water AUV Navigation System (SANS) by : Randy G. Walker
Download or read book Design and Evaluation of an Integrated, Self-Contained GPS/INS Shallow- Water AUV Navigation System (SANS) written by Randy G. Walker and published by . This book was released on 1996-06-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main problem addressed by this research is to find an alternative to the use of large and/or expensive equipment required by conventional navigation systems to accurately determine the position of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) during all phases of an underwater search or mapping mission. The approach taken was to advance an existing integrated navigation system prototype which combines Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), water speed, and heading information using Kalman filtering techniques. The hardware and software architecture of the prototype system were advanced to a level such that it is completely self- contained in a relatively small, lightweight package capable of on-board processing of sensor data and outpouring updated position fixes at a rate of 10 Hz; an improvement from the 5 Hz rate delivered by the prototype. The major changes to the preceding prototype implemented by this research were to install an on-board processor to locally process sensor outputs, and improve upon the analog filter and voltage regulation circuitry. Preliminary test results indicate the newly designed SANS provides a 100% performance improvement over the previous prototype. It now delivers a 10Hz update rate, and increased accuracy due to the improved analog filter and the higher sampling rate provided by the processor.
Book Synopsis Analysis, Experimental Evaluation and Software Upgrade for Attitude Estimation by the Shallow-Water AUV Navigation System (SANS) by : Ricky L. Roberts
Download or read book Analysis, Experimental Evaluation and Software Upgrade for Attitude Estimation by the Shallow-Water AUV Navigation System (SANS) written by Ricky L. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1997-03-01 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main problem addressed by this research is the lack of a small, low-cost integrated navigation system to accurately determine the position of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) during all phases of an underwater search or mapping mission. The approach taken utilized an evolving prototype, called the Shallow-Water AUV Navigation System (SANS), combining Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), water speed, and magnetic heading information using Kalman, low-pass, and complimentary filtering techniques. In previous work, addition of a math coprocessor improved system update rate from 7 to 18 Hz, but revealed input/output coordination weaknesses in the software. The central focus of this thesis is on testing and programming improvements which resulted in reliable integrated operations and an increased processing speed of 40 Hz. This now allows the filter to perform in real time. A standardized tilt table evaluation and calibration procedure for the navigation filter also was developed. The system was evaluated in dynamic tilt table experiments. Test results and qualitative error estimates using differential GPS suggest that submerged navigation with SANS for a period of several minutes will result in position estimation errors typically on the order of 10 meters rms, even in the presence of substantial ocean currents.
Book Synopsis Design and Evaluation of an Integrated GPS/INS System for Shallow-water AUV Navigation by : Eric R. Bachmann
Download or read book Design and Evaluation of an Integrated GPS/INS System for Shallow-water AUV Navigation written by Eric R. Bachmann and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major problem addressed by this research is the large and/or expensive equipment required by a conventional navigation system to accurately determine the position of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) during all phases of an underwater search or mapping mission. The approach taken was to prototype an integrated navigation system which combines Global Positioning System (OPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), waterspeed and heading information using Kalman filtering techniques. Actual implementation was preceded by a computer simulation to test where the unit would fit into a larger hardware and software hierarchy of an AUV. The system was then evaluated in experiments which began with land based cart tests and progressed to open water trials where the unit was placed in a towed body behind a boat and alternately submerged and surfaced to provide periodic OPS updates to the Inertial Navigation System (INS). Test results and qualitative error estimates indicate that submerged navigation accuracy comparable to that of differential OPS may be attainable for periods of 30 seconds or more with low cost components of a small physical size.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology, September 27-29, 1995 by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology, September 27-29, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Calbration and Evaluation of Water Speed Indicator and Compass for the Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation Filter by : Randall G. Knapp
Download or read book Calbration and Evaluation of Water Speed Indicator and Compass for the Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation Filter written by Randall G. Knapp and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are three major thrusts to this thesis. The first was to design and build a device to measure ground speed for testing the position estimating capabilities of the Small Autonomous Navigation System (SANS) filter. The ground tests consisted by placing the SANS unit on a golf cart and maneuvering it along a known track. The speed sensing device uses a bicycle wheel attached to the golf cart along with an appropriate time to speed software conversion. The next problem was to determine if the existing paddle wheel in use would be accurate enough for the SANS to conduct underway tests. To perform this, a mechanism had to be built to channel water and measure its speed while allowing the paddle wheel to be in the flow. Finally, the electronic compass was found to have heading dependent errors, thus a test was designed to determine its deviation. This was performed by swinging the compass using a transit aligned with its axis. This established a deviation table that was inserted into the SANS code, further refining its directional capabilities. As a final test for determining the effectiveness of the calibrated inputs, tests were conducted that showed that the SANS filter is capable of obtaining 3 meter accuracy with no Global Positioning Update for an excess of two minutes. This is well beyond the initial goals set for the system.
Book Synopsis Development and Testing of Navigation Algorithms for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles by : Francesco Fanelli
Download or read book Development and Testing of Navigation Algorithms for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles written by Francesco Fanelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on pose estimation algorithms for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). After introducing readers to the state of the art, it describes a joint endeavor involving attitude and position estimation, and details the development of a nonlinear attitude observer that employs inertial and magnetic field data and is suitable for underwater use. In turn, it shows how the estimated attitude constitutes an essential type of input for UKF-based position estimators that combine position, depth, and velocity measurements. The book discusses the possibility of including real-time estimates of sea currents in the developed estimators, and highlights simulations that combine real-world navigation data and experimental test campaigns to evaluate the performance of the resulting solutions. In addition to proposing novel algorithms for estimating the attitudes and positions of AUVs using low-cost sensors and taking into account magnetic disturbances and ocean currents, the book provides readers with extensive information and a source of inspiration for the further development and testing of navigation algorithms for AUVs.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Underwater Vehicles by : Jing Yan
Download or read book Autonomous Underwater Vehicles written by Jing Yan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are emerging as a promising solution to help us explore and understand the ocean. The global market for AUVs is predicted to grow from 638 million dollars in 2020 to 1,638 million dollars by 2025 – a compound annual growth rate of 20.8 percent. To make AUVs suitable for a wider range of application-specific missions, it is necessary to deploy multiple AUVs to cooperatively perform the localization, tracking and formation tasks. However, weak underwater acoustic communication and the model uncertainty of AUVs make achieving this challenging. This book presents cutting-edge results regarding localization, tracking and formation for AUVs, highlighting the latest research on commonly encountered AUV systems. It also showcases several joint localization and tracking solutions for AUVs. Lastly, it discusses future research directions and provides guidance on the design of future localization, tracking and formation schemes for AUVs. Representing a substantial contribution to nonlinear system theory, robotic control theory, and underwater acoustic communication system, this book will appeal to university researchers, scientists, engineers, and graduate students in control theory and control engineering who wish to learn about the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications of AUVs. Moreover, the practical localization, tracking and formation schemes presented provide guidance on exploring the ocean. The book is intended for those with an understanding of nonlinear system theory, robotic control theory, and underwater acoustic communication systems.
Book Synopsis Design and Evaluation of an Integrated GPS/INS System for Shallow-water AUV Navigation by : Eric R. Bachmann
Download or read book Design and Evaluation of an Integrated GPS/INS System for Shallow-water AUV Navigation written by Eric R. Bachmann and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major problem addressed by this research is the large and/or expensive equipment required by a conventional navigation system to accurately determine the position of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) during all phases of an underwater search or mapping mission. The approach taken was to prototype an integrated navigation system which combines Global Positioning System (OPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), waterspeed and heading information using Kalman filtering techniques. Actual implementation was preceded by a computer simulation to test where the unit would fit into a larger hardware and software hierarchy of an AUV. The system was then evaluated in experiments which began with land based cart tests and progressed to open water trials where the unit was placed in a towed body behind a boat and alternately submerged and surfaced to provide periodic OPS updates to the Inertial Navigation System (INS). Test results and qualitative error estimates indicate that submerged navigation accuracy comparable to that of differential OPS may be attainable for periods of 30 seconds or more with low cost components of a small physical size.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Book Synopsis Simulation-Based Validation of Navigation Filter Software for a Shallow Water AUV Navigation System (SANS) by : Ruediger Steven
Download or read book Simulation-Based Validation of Navigation Filter Software for a Shallow Water AUV Navigation System (SANS) written by Ruediger Steven and published by . This book was released on 1996-03-01 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Navigation filter software is currently being developed for an inertial navigation system without rotating gyros. This system shall replace the navigation system that is currently used in the Phoenix Autonomous Underwater Vehicle of the Naval Postgraduate School. The filter combines acceleration sensors, angular rate sensors, a water speed sensor, a magnetic compass and a GPS system. The harmonization of the sensors is performed by gain matrices. The filter code must be tested for correctness and evaluated, and optimal values for the gain matrices must be found. Both factors directly influence the accuracy of the computed positions, and thus the quality of AUV navigation. in this thesis, the Kalman filter code is tested by experimentation with a simulation of a submarine. Two versions of the code are available, both written in LISP and C++. Test runs are performed in different simulated sea-states (water current), with and without noise added to the sensors, and with different values for the gain matrices. Based on the experiments, the Kalman filter code seems to be correct and stable. Noise is the most important determinant of the filter performance. The results can be optimized by careful fine tuning of the gain matrices.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 1992 Symposium on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology, June 2 and 3, 1992, Washington, DC, USA by : Oceanic Engineering Society (U.S.)
Download or read book Proceedings of the 1992 Symposium on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology, June 2 and 3, 1992, Washington, DC, USA written by Oceanic Engineering Society (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
