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Evaluation Of Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel
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Book Synopsis Evaluation of epoxy coated reinforcing steel by :
Download or read book Evaluation of epoxy coated reinforcing steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epoxy coated deck reinforcement was evaluated during the construction of two bridges on Rte. I-77 in Carroll County. The contractor was favorably impressed with the coated steel, which sustained no damage during shipping or deck construction. Among the data collected were resistivity and potential readings, initial chloride contents of the deck concrete, and unit costs. It appears that the epoxy coatings had many small bare spots and other flaws that were not effectively patched at the site. Further evaluations after the bridges are opened to traffic and subjected to applications of deicing salts are recommended.
Book Synopsis Nondestructive Evaluation of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Using Bi-electrode Half-cell Potential Techniques by : Stephen R. Sharp
Download or read book Nondestructive Evaluation of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Using Bi-electrode Half-cell Potential Techniques written by Stephen R. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated two half-cell mapping methods for nondestructive evaluation of epoxy-coated rebar (ECR) in concrete: the semi-fixed bi-electrode and the moving bi-electrode methods. These methods were expected to provide early detection of corrosion-related damage and ensure adequate time for repair. The techniques were evaluated by comparing the half-cell measurements using the two half-cell mapping techniques and measurements using the standard half-cell technique. The study found that in concrete specimens the response of both bi-electrode techniques was similar to that of the standard half-cell technique. Each technique was sensitive enough to distinguish between ponded and unponded regions along the Type I test beams. Although additional research is required to determine exactly how sensitive either bi-electrode technique is for assessing corrosion of ECR in concrete, it is clear that the use of any nondestructive tool for condition surveys of bridge decks would benefit VDOT and Virginia. The author recommends that the Type I test beams used in this study continue to be ponded until corrosion is initiated to aid in understanding the benefit of using the two bi-electrode methods during the various stages of corrosion. In addition, the Virginia Department of Transportation's Structure & Bridge Division should identify two structures that are beginning to show signs of corrosion, one bridge with ECR and the other with bare bar, to be used in a field study to determine if either bi-electrode method would benefit VDOT as a condition survey tool.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel in Bridge Decks by : Satinder K. Munjal
Download or read book Evaluation of Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel in Bridge Decks written by Satinder K. Munjal and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion Evaluation of Epoxy-coated, Metallic-clad and Solid Metallic Reinforcing Bars in Concrete by : David B. McDonald
Download or read book Corrosion Evaluation of Epoxy-coated, Metallic-clad and Solid Metallic Reinforcing Bars in Concrete written by David B. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the work conducted from 1993 to 1998 to develop cost-effective "new breeds" of organic, inorganic, ceramic and metallic coatings, as well as metallic alloys that can be utilized on or as reinforcement for embedment in portland cement concrete. As part of the study, 12 different bar types were tested in concrete: black bars, 3 bendable and 3 nonbendable epoxies, Type 304 and Type 316 stainless steel, copper-clad, galvanized and spray metallic-clad reinforcing. Measurements of macrocell voltages, half-cell potentials, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization and mat-to-mat resistances were used in conjunction with visual observations to determine the effectiveness of each system.
Book Synopsis Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Highway Bridges by : Kenneth C. Clear
Download or read book Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Highway Bridges written by Kenneth C. Clear and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel in Bridge Decks by : Satinder K. Munjal
Download or read book Evaluation of Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel in Bridge Decks written by Satinder K. Munjal and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bond Strength Evaluation of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars in Concrete by : Alphonso Mulbah Kolliesuah
Download or read book Bond Strength Evaluation of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars in Concrete written by Alphonso Mulbah Kolliesuah and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion Evaluation of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Containing Rheocrete 222+ Corrosion Inhibitor for Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute and Master Builders Technology by : David B. McDonald
Download or read book Corrosion Evaluation of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Containing Rheocrete 222+ Corrosion Inhibitor for Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute and Master Builders Technology written by David B. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel by : Wallace T. McKeel
Download or read book Evaluation of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel written by Wallace T. McKeel and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virginia's first installation of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel, which was opened to traffic in 1977, was evaluated during construction and through 13 years of service. It was apparent at the time of construction that the integrity of the coating application did not meet the requirements of the specifications There were many flaws and holidays in the coatings on all of the bars, and patching with a liquid epoxy compound was not effective. Although the applicability of the findings, which are based on an application that does not represent the best practice, may be limited, useful information on the durability of the coated steel and its role in protecting the deck was developed. It was found that the coated reinforcement was exposed to relatively high chloride concentrations at transverse cracks in the decks early in the life of the structures, but the decks remained in good condition throughout the evaluation period. It was concluded that despite the poor coatings, the coated reinforcing steel contributed to the deck's durability by providing enhanced protection at critical cracked sections. Rebars taken from deck cores showed no signs of rusting, although the steel had a dull dark gray finish that may be underfilm corrosion. No debonding of the coating was evident.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Evaluation of Epoxy-coated, Metallic-clad, and Solid Metallic Reinforcing Bars in Concrete by :
Download or read book Corrosion Evaluation of Epoxy-coated, Metallic-clad, and Solid Metallic Reinforcing Bars in Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Exposure Specimens by :
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Exposure Specimens written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of a mineral admixture or a combination of a mineral admixture with corrosion inhibitor are the methods used for the corrosion protection for reinforced concrete bridges. The results of a 1.5-year study on evaluation of three concretes with fly ash, slag cement (SC), and silica fume (SF) and one concrete with silica fume and a corrosion inhibitor (SFD) are presented. The specimens were built to simulate four exposure conditions typical for concrete bridges located in the coastal region or inland where deicing salts are used. The exposure conditions were horizontal, vertical, tidal, and immersed zones. The specimens were kept inside the laboratory and were exposed to weekly ponding cycles of 6% sodium chloride solution by weight. In addition, cover depth measurements from 21 bridge decks and chloride data from 3 bridge decks were used, together with laboratory data, in modeling the service lives of investigated corrosion protection methods. The methods used to assess the condition of the specimens included chloride concentration measurements, corrosion potentials, and corrosion rates (3LP). Additionally, visual observations were performed for identification of rust stains and cracking on concrete surfaces. The results of chloride testing indicate that the amount of chlorides present at the bar level is more than sufficient to initiate corrosion. Chloride and rapid permeability data demonstrate that for low permeable (LP) concretes there appears to be significant difference both in a rate of chloride ingress and in the diffusion coefficients in comparison to the controls. Corrosion potentials agree with corrosion rates and suggest the possibility of an active corrosion process development on control specimens during indoor exposure. The structural cracks that were observed in some specimens appeared to have no influence on the corrosion development on the bars in the vicinity of the these cracks. It was concluded that the silicone and duct tape protection was adequate. The cracking, other than structural, appeared to be related to the reinforcing steel corrosion, except the cracks in the horizontal zone of the specimen with slag cement which were probably caused by the subsidence cracking. The least number of cracks was observed on the SF and SFD specimens. Modeling the time as a function of probability of the end of functional service life (EFSL) was presented. It has been shown that the distributions of surface concentrations of chloride ions (C0) and diffusion constants (Dc) are key elements in the model. Model predictions show that the LP concretes provide much better level of protection against moisture and chlorides than the A4 concrete alone. Application of a corrosion inhibitor causes an elevation of the chloride threshold resulting in an additional increase in time to EFSL. Recommendations are to continue monitoring until cracking has occurred in all specimens to a greater extent to better estimate the service lives of LP concretes than is presently known in the construction of concrete bridge components in Virginia. The specimens with LP concretes and one control (continuous reinforcement in the legs) should be taken to the Hampton Road North 1 Tunnel Island and placed in the brackish water to a depth of the immersed zone at low tide for further exposure to chloride. The other control (non-continuous reinforcement in the legs) should remain in an outdoor exposure in Southwest Virginia like the Civil Engineering Materials Research Laboratory in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also more field studies are needed to better estimate distributions of surface chloride concentration and diffusion coefficient of Virginia bridge decks, and to confirm predicted times to EFSL for LP concretes.
Book Synopsis Protocol for In-service Evaluation of Bridges with Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel by : Richard E. Weyers
Download or read book Protocol for In-service Evaluation of Bridges with Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel written by Richard E. Weyers and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Summary Report on the Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia by : Richard E. Weyers
Download or read book Summary Report on the Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia written by Richard E. Weyers and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1992 to 2006, the Virginia Transportation Research Council and its contract researchers conducted a long-term systematic series of investigations to evaluate the corrosion protection effectiveness of epoxy-coated reinforcement (ECR) and to identify and recommend the best and most cost-effective corrosion protection system for Virginia bridge decks. This report summarizes this research and subsequent efforts to implement alternative reinforcement. The work was conducted, and is reported, in this general order: review of historical performance of ECR, ECR performance in solutions and concrete, and preliminary field investigations; investigation of field performance of bridge decks built with ECR; assessment of alternative corrosion protection methods; development of probabilistic service life models for bridge decks and laboratory assessment of ECR cores extracted from bridge decks to determine service life extension; efforts to implement alternative reinforcement. The series of studies demonstrated that the epoxy coating on ECR naturally degrades in the highly alkaline moist environment within concrete. The subsequent loss of bond, coupled with the inevitable flaws in the coating induced by construction, leads to an estimated service life benefit of ECR of as little as 3 to 5 years. Further, non-critical decks, beams, and substructure elements not exposed to marine environments, particularly on secondary and rural routes, can be cost-effectively constructed and maintained using low-permeability concrete and black reinforcing bar. However, because the Federal Highway Administration requires the use of corrosion-resistant reinforcement, and because ECR cannot provide adequate corrosion protection for structures designed for a 100-year+ service life as currently recommended by FHWA, the report recommends that the Virginia Department of Transportation amend its specifications regarding the use of ECR to require the use of corrosion-resistant metallic reinforcing bars such as MMFX2, stainless steel clad, and solid stainless steel.
Book Synopsis Effectiveness of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel - Interim Report by :
Download or read book Effectiveness of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel - Interim Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary function of an epoxy coating is to act as a barrier to prevent corrosion-causing chloride ions and oxygen from reaching steel surfaces. For more than a decade, epoxy-coated reinforcing steel has generally been effective in reducing or preventing chloride-induced corrosion in bridges and other concrete structures. Recently, however, instances of corrosion problems or premature failures in Florida, Oregon and New York have focussed attention on the product and its quality. This report was initiated as a result of the questions raised by these failures. In the first section of the report, a state of the art review of epoxy-coated reinforced steel is presented. It details the research performed on epoxy coating, and the results of this research both in the lab and in the field. As well, the authors highlight several areas to be considered for future investigation. The second section examines the fundamentals of epoxy, and the coating process. It provides an overview of the theory, technology, testing and practice as these presently exist for fusion bonded epoxy coatings on steels. The significance of the tests available for use on epoxy-coated rebars and epoxy-coated pipe is described. The report contains numerous figures.
Book Synopsis Field Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks by :
Download or read book Field Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, the corrosion protection performance of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel (ECR) was evaluated using approximately 250 concrete cores from 18 bridge decks in Virginia. The decks were 2 to 20 years old at the time of the investigation. The deck field inspections included a crack survey and cover depth determination in the right traffic lane. A maximum of 12 cores with the top reinforcement randomly located in the lowest 12th percentile cover depth were taken from each bridge deck. Because of the safety concerns associated with taking cores from the lower steel mat, and to minimize damage to the bridge, a maximum of only 3 cores were taken through the truss bars. The laboratory evaluation of the concrete cores included a visual examination and a determination of the carbonation depth, moisture content, absorption, percent saturation, and chloride content at a 13-mm depth. The rapid chloride permeability test was also performed for the surface and base concrete on samples obtained from the cores taken through the truss bars to determine chloride permeability. The ECR inspection consisted of a visual examination, a damage evaluation, and a determination of coating thickness and adhesion. The condition of the steel underneath the epoxy coating was also evaluated. Adhesion loss of the epoxy coating to the steel surface was detected in all but one deck that was 4 years old and older. The epoxy coatings were debonding from the reinforcing bars. Whereas a bonded coating can be expected to protect the steel, a debonded coating allows chlorides, moisture, and oxygen to reach the steel and initiate a rapid corrosion mechanism. Reinforcing bars in various stages of adhesion loss showed visible signs of a corrosion process underneath the coating, suggesting that ECR will provide little or no additional service life for concrete bridge decks in comparison to bare steel. Other systems that will provide longer protection against chloride-induced corrosion of the reinforcing steel with a higher degree of reliability should be considered.
Book Synopsis Epoxy-coated Reinforcement by : Jerzy Zemajtis
Download or read book Epoxy-coated Reinforcement written by Jerzy Zemajtis and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a historical performance review of epoxy-coated reinforcement. The information in this report is presented in chronological order starting from the early 1970's, when the first bridge with epoxy-coated reinforcement was built, and ending with the presentation at the 1993 TRB sessions, where findings from the latest research investigations were revealed. The report includes background information on fundamental applications of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel. Major laboratory studies, which addressed corrosion resistance and bond strength issues, are presented. Field investigations of meaningful structures with successful application of epoxy -coated reinforcing steel as well as structures with total failure of epoxy-coated reinforcement are also presented. The report also includes transcripted presentations, from the 1993 TRB sessions, which addressed quality control, adhesion characteristics, and other factors associated with long-term performance of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel. Conclusions from the laboratory and field investigations, as well as from the presentations of 1993 TRB sessions are presented.
Book Synopsis Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures by : Amir Poursaee
Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures written by Amir Poursaee and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential reading for researchers, practitioners, and engineers, this book covers not only all the important aspects in the field of corrosion of steel reinforced concrete but also discusses new topics and future trends. Theoretical concepts of corrosion of steel in concrete structures, the variety of reinforcing materials and concrete, including stainless steel and galvanized steel, measurements and evaluations, such as electrochemical techniques and acoustic emission, protection and maintenance methods, and modelling, latest developments, and future trends in the field are discussed. Comprehensive coverage of the corrosion of steel bars in concrete, investigating the range of reinforcing materials, and types of concrete Introduces the latest measuring methods, data collection, and advanced modeling techniques Second edition covers a range of new, emerging topics such as the concept of chloride threshold value, concrete permeability and chloride diffusion, the role of steel microstructure, and innovations in corrosion detection devices
