Evaluation of an Instrumented Sweating Manikin for Predicting Heat Stress in Firefighters' Turnout Ensembles

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (656 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of an Instrumented Sweating Manikin for Predicting Heat Stress in Firefighters' Turnout Ensembles by :

Download or read book Evaluation of an Instrumented Sweating Manikin for Predicting Heat Stress in Firefighters' Turnout Ensembles written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research studies relationships between measurements of heat loss through firefighter turnout ensembles measured using a sweating thermal manikin and a guarded sweating hot plate. Measurement techniques and results are compared. These two measures of heat loss are also compared on their ability to explain thermal heat stress. The assessments of thermal heat stress were provided in a report from an earlier physiological study where human responses were evaluated during wear trials of firefighter protective gear. The focus of this research was on the role of the instrumented sweating manikin as a supplemental tool in predicting heat stress. Its human form makes it a logical intermediary tool between a flat skin model (hot plate) and human subject testing. Thus, it was decided to investigate its role by using it to evaluate six firefighter turnout ensembles where there was existing data available for comparison to both hot plate and physiological test results. The results of this study indicate that sweating thermal manikin measurements provide a fuller explanation and prediction of heat stress assessments in physiological wear trials than provided by a sweating hot plate. This is attributed to the ability of manikin tests to evaluate the effects of garments' insulating air layers and the contribution of clothing design features to the total thermal burden. This research provides insights into the use of instrumented manikins as research tools and as means of providing information useful for predicting and explaining the results of physiological wear trials of firefighter protective clothing. Thermal manikins are also shown to be valuable tools for evaluating the distribution of heat loss through different areas of protective gear.

Evaluation of an Instrumented Sweating Manikin for Predicting Heat Stress in Firefighters2 Turnout Ensembles

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of an Instrumented Sweating Manikin for Predicting Heat Stress in Firefighters2 Turnout Ensembles by : Kevin Andrew Ross

Download or read book Evaluation of an Instrumented Sweating Manikin for Predicting Heat Stress in Firefighters2 Turnout Ensembles written by Kevin Andrew Ross and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: firefighter, fire fighter, sweating manikin, heat stress, sweating hot plate, thermal manikin, protective clothing, turnout, physiological response, thl, evaporative resistance, thermal resistance, total heat loss, heat transfer.

Translation Between Heat Loss Measured Using Guarded Sweating Hot Plate, Sweating Manikin, and Physiologically Assessed Heat Stress of Firefighter Turnout Ensembles

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Translation Between Heat Loss Measured Using Guarded Sweating Hot Plate, Sweating Manikin, and Physiologically Assessed Heat Stress of Firefighter Turnout Ensembles by : Kevin Ross

Download or read book Translation Between Heat Loss Measured Using Guarded Sweating Hot Plate, Sweating Manikin, and Physiologically Assessed Heat Stress of Firefighter Turnout Ensembles written by Kevin Ross and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweating skin models and instrumented thermal manikins are commonly used to assess the heat stress potential of materials used in protective clothing. This research describes the relationship observed between heat loss through firefighter turnout ensembles measured using a sweating thermal manikin and that measured with a guarded sweating hot plate. Materials and garment level instrument measures are compared on the basis of their ability to predict human physiological responses related to heat stress in firefighter turnout systems. Sweating hot plate and manikin test results for selected firefighter turnout ensembles are compared to human wear studies in which firefighter turnout ensembles were worn in different environmental conditions. Sweating manikin tests are used to explain differences in the human physiological response and how these measures are related to turn-out heat transfer properties measured using a sweating hot plate. This study confirms the utility of sweating manikins in characterizing the effects of clothing design, fit, and layers on heat and moisture transfer. Thermal manikins are shown to be valuable tools for evaluating the distribution of heat loss through different areas of protective gear.

Firefighters' Clothing and Equipment

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429816405
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Firefighters' Clothing and Equipment by : Guowen Song

Download or read book Firefighters' Clothing and Equipment written by Guowen Song and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protective clothing and equipment used for firefighters protect them against their harsh working environment loaded with strong thermal hazards, elevated environmental temperatures, low oxygen concentration and smoke. This book describes an in-depth review of firefighting clothing and equipment, and explicitly addresses the performance of protection and comfort in textile engineering, clothing design, and evaluation. Covered topics include protection and comfort requirements for firefighting clothing and equipment, testing methods, standards and performance evaluation, smart firefighting clothing for first responders and numerical modeling of performance of firefighting clothing. Key Features Presents complete overview about the requirements of firefighters' protective clothing/thermal protective materials Addresses performance of protection and comfort Includes human thermoregulation system and responses to firefighting working environment Discusses SMART firefighting clothing and equipment Suggests "how to improve the wear comfort?

Effectiveness of Using a Thermal Sweating Manikin Coupled with a Thermoregulation Model to Predict Human Physiological Response to Different Firefighter Turnout Suits

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Effectiveness of Using a Thermal Sweating Manikin Coupled with a Thermoregulation Model to Predict Human Physiological Response to Different Firefighter Turnout Suits by : A. Shawn Deaton

Download or read book Effectiveness of Using a Thermal Sweating Manikin Coupled with a Thermoregulation Model to Predict Human Physiological Response to Different Firefighter Turnout Suits written by A. Shawn Deaton and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manikins have been used for almost 100 years to help understand the properties of clothing materials and garments. Data from sweating manikins also have been used within thermoregulation computer models to estimate the physiological responses of humans. In recent years, the development of the ManikinPC system has incorporated a thermoregulation model into a thermal sweating manikin system to provide a real-time analysis of predicted physiological response. This paper describes an experimental study that demonstrates the utility of this manikin-model system to predict the effects of three composite materials used in firefighter suits on human physiological response. This study addresses this question: Can ManikinPC emulate the physiological response of a controlled wear trial using three different sets of firefighter turnout gear in one environmental condition? The average core temperature, skin temperature, and sweat loss from human subjects are compared with the predicted values generated from the manikin coupled with the model. Results indicate similar trends and ranking of the three suits. The data revealed slightly higher predictive responses from the manikin-model system compared with the collected human data.

Evaluation of Clothing Heat Transfer by Dry and Sweating Manikin Measurements

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Clothing Heat Transfer by Dry and Sweating Manikin Measurements by : I. Holmér

Download or read book Evaluation of Clothing Heat Transfer by Dry and Sweating Manikin Measurements written by I. Holmér and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to effects of, for example, body movements and wetting on clothing heat transfer, measures taken with a standing, static, "dry" manikin are not likely to predict very accurately thermal protection in a real situation. In a proposed European standard (prEN342 Protective clothing against cold), measurement of thermal insulation is made with a "walking" manikin in order to account for some of the dynamic effects. Determination of evaporative resistance with a sweating manikin is still subject to research. In this investigation, five ensembles (one, two and three-layer ensembles) were investigated a) in human wear trials with analysis of heat fluxes, b) by measurements with a dry, standing and walking manikin and c) by measurements with a standing, sweating manikin. Total thermal insulation and evaporative resistance during actual walking was reduced by 20-45 %. Total insulation reduced less with more layers. Subtracting effects on the surface air layer revealed that the wind exerted a lesser effect as the insulation value increased. Wind and "walking" effects were less than 5-10 % for a three layer winter clothing. Evaporation efficiency measured with a sweating manikin provided a similar ranking of ensembles as direct measurements with subjects. Dynamic measurements of heat transfer properties appear to present reliable and realistic values for clothing thermal performance and should be used with prediction models and assesment methods of thermal stress.

Thermal Protective Clothing for Firefighters

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Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081012861
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermal Protective Clothing for Firefighters by : Guowen Song

Download or read book Thermal Protective Clothing for Firefighters written by Guowen Song and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-27 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal Protective Clothing for Firefighters explores the materials, design, and usage of thermal protective clothing. The characteristics of fire hazards are discussed in detail, and the thermal environments faced by firefighters in these fire hazards are also examined. The different types of potential burn injuries and the heat stress that occurs to firefighters’ bodies when exposed to such thermal environments are analyzed. Furthermore, the development of various high performance fibers and fabrics for thermal protective clothing is discussed. The test methods and existing standards to evaluate the thermal protective and physiological comfort performances of the fabrics and clothing are critically reviewed. Recent developments in the field of fire- and heat-resistant materials have led to significant improvements in thermal protective clothing. In parallel with this, the complexity and risk levels of fires, especially in industrial-storage facilities, and developments in health and safety cultures have increased the demand for high-performance heat- and flame-resistant clothing and equipment, designed to mitigate skin burn injuries and reduce risk of death from fire hazards. Throughout the work, the gaps and limitations in existing test methods and standards are identified, and approaches are recommended for the development of enhanced test methods. Scenario modeling and its implications for firefighters’ protective clothing is discussed, and various factors affecting performance are established. Finally, various key issues related to thermal protective clothing are addressed to guide the future research in the field of thermal protective clothing for firefighters. This book will help materials-textile engineers to develop high performance thermal protective clothing that can enhance the protection, safety, and comfort of firefighters. Offers a helpful guide to the successful specification and design of high performance protective clothing to meet the high standards of today's regulatory framework Introduces the new materials technical innovations that are transforming fire protective clothing Explores the role of clothing from the operational perspective, including technical innovations Offers a critical review of the test methods and existing standards to evaluate the thermal protective and physiological comfort performances of the fabrics and clothing

Manikins for Textile Evaluation

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Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 008100950X
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Manikins for Textile Evaluation by : Rajkishore Nayak

Download or read book Manikins for Textile Evaluation written by Rajkishore Nayak and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manikins for Textile Evaluation is a key resource for all those engaged in textile and apparel development and production, and for academics engaged in research into textile science and technology. Creating garments that work with the human form, both stationary and in motion, is a complex task that requires extensive testing and evaluation. Manikins allow for performance testing of textiles in a safe, controlled, and appropriate environment, and are a key element in developing new textile products. Everyday apparel needs to be assessed for comfort, sizing and fit, and ergonomics, while technical and protective garments require extensive safety and performance testing. Manikins therefore range from simple representations of the human body to complex designs that simulate body temperature, sweating, and motion. Manikins are safe for use in hazardous testing environments, such as fire and flame protection, where wearer trials would be impossible. This book provides extensive coverage of manikin-based evaluation of protective, heat and flame resistant, medical, and automotive textile applications. The role of manikins in the development of day-to-day garments is also discussed, including fit, comfort, and ergonomics. The book is a key resource for all those engaged in textile and apparel development and production, and for academics engaged in research into textile science and technology. Delivers theoretical and practical guidance on evaluation using manikins that is of benefit to anyone developing textile products Offers a range of perspectives on high-performance textiles from an international team of authors with diverse expertise in academic research, and textile development and manufacture Provides systematic and comprehensive coverage of the topic from fabric construction, through product development, to the range of current and potential applications that exploit high-performance textile technology

Human Factors Engineering and Ergonomics

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466560096
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Factors Engineering and Ergonomics by : Stephen J. Guastello

Download or read book Human Factors Engineering and Ergonomics written by Stephen J. Guastello and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although still true to its original focus on the person–machine interface, the field of human factors psychology (ergonomics) has expanded to include stress research, accident analysis and prevention, and nonlinear dynamical systems theory (how systems change over time), human group dynamics, and environmental psychology. Reflecting new developments in the field, Human Factors Engineering and Ergonomics: A Systems Approach, Second Edition addresses a wide range of human factors and ergonomics principles found in conventional and twenty-first century technologies and environments. Based on the author’s thirty years of experience, the text emphasizes fundamental concepts, systems thinking, the changing nature of the person-machine interface, and the dynamics of systems as they change over time. See What’s New in the Second Edition: Developments in working memory, degrees of freedom in cognitive processes, subjective workload, decision-making, and situation awareness Updated information on cognitive workload and fatigue Additional principles for HFE, networks, multiple person-machine systems, and human-robot swarms Accident analysis and prevention includes resilience, new developments in safety climate, and an update to the inventory of accident prevention techniques and their relative effectiveness Problems in "big data" mining Psychomotor control and its relevance to human-robot systems Navigation in real-world environment Trust in automation and augmented cognition Computer technology permeates every aspect of the human–machine system, and has only become more ubiquitous since the previous edition. The systems are becoming more complex, so it should stand to reason that theories need to evolve to cope with the new sources of complexity. While many books cover traditional topics and theory, they to not focus on the practical problems students will face in the future. With broad coverage that ranges from physical ergonomics to cognitive aspects of human-machine interaction and includes dynamic approaches to system failure, this book increases the number of methods and analytical tools that are available for the human factors researcher.

Handbook of Building Materials for Fire Protection

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Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071433309
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (714 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Building Materials for Fire Protection by : Charles A. Harper

Download or read book Handbook of Building Materials for Fire Protection written by Charles A. Harper and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2003-09-20 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first handbook devoted to the coverage of materials in the field of fire engineering. Fire Protection Building Materials Handbook walks you through the challenging maze of choosing form the hundreds of commercially available materials used in buildings today and tells you which burn and /or are weakened during exposure to fire. It is the burning characteristics of materials, which usually allow fires to begin and propagate, and the degradation of materials that cause the most damage. Providing expert guidance every step of the way, Fire Protection Building Materials Handbook helps the architect, designers and fire protection engineers to design and maintain safer buildings while complying with international codes.

Spell of Apocalypse

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Publisher : Jabberwocky Literary Agency, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1936535238
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Spell of Apocalypse by : Mayer Alan Brenner

Download or read book Spell of Apocalypse written by Mayer Alan Brenner and published by Jabberwocky Literary Agency, Inc.. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Plenty of adventure and a dollop of humor” spark the final fantasy in this “intriguing and delightfully funny series” by the author of Spell of Fate (Locus). When the Great Karlini’s laboratory catches on fire, Maximillian the Vaguely Disreputable knows it’s a sign of bad things to come. The last battle between gods and mortals is looming; before it does, certain answers must come to light. Just who is the Creeping Sword? Will Shaa free himself from the curse his brother inflicted upon him? And most important of all, who will be left standing? The Dance of Gods concludes in a fast-paced final movement. “This is a charming, lighthearted fantasy. The gods are so klutzy and the magic is so ill-fated that the reader smiles through dungeons, fire and death . . . The action is non-stop and always exciting. The final fight is a doozy . . . An amusing climax in which all story lines from the earlier volumes come to a conclusion.” —Voya “Zany, entertaining reading for anyone who enjoyed the first three books of the Dance of Gods series.” —Kliatt “Wild and woolly adventure abounding with inept sorcery, strange gods and downright funny fantasy.” —Rave Reviews Book Club

Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030797635
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling by : Julia L. Wright

Download or read book Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling written by Julia L. Wright and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with a timely snapshot of modeling and simulation tools, including virtual and mixed-reality environment, for human factors research. It covers applications in healthcare and physical ergonomics, military and transportation systems, industrial monitoring, as well as economics and social sciences. Based on the AHFE 2021 International Conference on Human Factors and Simulation and the AHFE 2021 International Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization, held virtually on 25–29 July, 2021, from USA, the book offers a unique resource for modelling and simulation researchers seeking insights into human factors research and to human factors experts seeking reliable computational tools.

Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030510646
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling by : Daniel N Cassenti

Download or read book Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling written by Daniel N Cassenti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-27 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest advances in modeling and simulation for human factors research. It reports on cutting-edge simulators such as virtual and augmented reality, multisensory environments, and modeling and simulation methods used in various applications, including surgery, military operations, occupational safety, sports training, education, transportation and robotics. Based on two AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences such as the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Human Factors and Simulation and the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization, held on July 16–20, 2020, the book serves as a timely reference guide for researchers and practitioners developing new modeling and simulation tools for analyzing or improving human performance. It also offers a unique resource for modelers seeking insights into human factors research and more feasible and reliable computational tools to foster advances in this exciting field.

Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857098934
Total Pages : 705 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles by : F. Selcen Kilinc

Download or read book Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles written by F. Selcen Kilinc and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given its importance to consumer safety, fire resistant textiles are one of the fastest growing sectors in industrial textiles. Handbook of fire resistant textiles provides a comprehensive review of the considerable advances that have occurred in the field of fire resistant textiles in recent years. It draws together scientific and technical expertise from around the world to produce an important source of current knowledge on fire resistant textiles and their use for protection in hostile environments. Part one provides an overview of fire resistant textiles. Chapters discuss burning and combustion mechanisms of textile fibers, chemical modification of natural and synthetic fibers to improve flame retardancy, multi-component flame resistant coating techniques for textiles, care and maintenance of fire resistant textiles, along with the safety, health and environmental aspects of flame retardants. Part two covers different types of fire resistant fibers and fabrics, including flame retardant cotton, wool, ceramic fibers and blends, composites and nonwovens. Part three reviews standards, regulations, and characterization of fire resistant textiles. Part four includes case studies of major applications of fire resistant textiles. The Handbook of fire resistant textiles is an invaluable resource for a broad spectrum of professionals in the textiles and apparel industries, including textile and garment manufacturers, engineers, researchers, designers, developers and buyers. Provides a comprehensive review of the considerable advances that have occurred in the field of fire resistant textiles in recent years Discusses burning and combustion mechanisms of textile fibers and chemical modification of natural and synthetic fibers to improve flame retardancy Covers different types of fire resistant fibers and fabrics, including flame retardant cotton, wool, ceramic fibers and blends, composites and nonwovens

A Frequency Dictionary of Contemporary American English

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134008937
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis A Frequency Dictionary of Contemporary American English by : Mark Davies

Download or read book A Frequency Dictionary of Contemporary American English written by Mark Davies and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2010 . Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

A Historical Review and Analysis of Army Physical Readiness Training and Assessment

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Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781494444969
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (449 download)

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Book Synopsis A Historical Review and Analysis of Army Physical Readiness Training and Assessment by : Whitfield East

Download or read book A Historical Review and Analysis of Army Physical Readiness Training and Assessment written by Whitfield East and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Drillmaster of Valley Forge-Baron Von Steuben-correctly noted in his "Blue Book" how physical conditioning and health (which he found woefully missing when he joined Washington's camp) would always be directly linked to individual and unit discipline, courage in the fight, and victory on the battlefield. That remains true today. Even an amateur historian, choosing any study on the performance of units in combat, quickly discovers how the levels of conditioning and physical performance of Soldiers is directly proportional to success or failure in the field. In this monograph, Dr. Whitfield "Chip" East provides a pragmatic history of physical readiness training in our Army. He tells us we initially mirrored the professional Armies of Europe as they prepared their forces for war on the continent. Then he introduces us to some master trainers, and shows us how they initiated an American brand of physical conditioning when our forces were found lacking in the early wars of the last century. Finally, he shows us how we have and must incorporate science (even when there exists considerable debate!) to contribute to what we do-and how we do it-in shaping today's Army. Dr. East provides the history, the analysis, and the pragmatism, and all of it is geared to understanding how our Army has and must train Soldiers for the physical demands of combat. Our culture is becoming increasingly ''unfit," due to poor nutrition, a lack of adequate and formal exercise, and too much technology. Still, the Soldiers who come to our Army from our society will be asked to fight in increasingly complex and demanding conflicts, and they must be prepared through new, unique, and scientifically based techniques. So while Dr. East's monograph is a fascinating history, it is also a required call for all leaders to better understand the science and the art of physical preparation for the battlefield. It was and is important for us to get this area of training right, because getting it right means a better chance for success in combat.

The Decisive Moment

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Publisher : Canongate Books
ISBN 13 : 1847673155
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (476 download)

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Book Synopsis The Decisive Moment by : Jonah Lehrer

Download or read book The Decisive Moment written by Jonah Lehrer and published by Canongate Books. This book was released on 2010 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Plato, philosophers have described the decision-making process as either rational or emotional: we carefully deliberate or we 'blink' and go with our gut. But as scientists break open the mind's black box with the latest tools of neuroscience, they're discovering this is not how the mind works. Our best decisions are a finely tuned blend of both feeling and reason - and the precise mix depends on the situation. When buying a house, for example, it's best to let our unconscious mull over the many variables. But when we're picking stocks and shares, intuition often leads us astray. The trick is to determine when to lean on which part of the brain, and to do this, we need to think harder (and smarter) about how we think.