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Evaluating The Effects Of Paver Systems On Urban Development Using A Distributed Hydrological Model
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Book Synopsis Evaluating the Effects of Paver Systems on Urban Development Using a Distributed Hydrological Model by : Alyssa Catherine Politte
Download or read book Evaluating the Effects of Paver Systems on Urban Development Using a Distributed Hydrological Model written by Alyssa Catherine Politte and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cities are becoming increasingly more urbanized through the conversion of forest, pasture and croplands. By replacing the natural environment with impervious areas such as parking lots, roads, houses and other concrete structures, humans are causing an increase in storm water runoff problems with potentially deleterious environmental effects. Traditionally storm water runoff has been handled and controlled using Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control flood runoff events. An alternative approach is to use Low Impact Development (LID) options. LIDs have been proposed in an attempt to mimic the natural flow regime by controlling storm water at the source. LID practices such as rainwater harvesting, green roofs, and permeable pavement can be used to replace existing infrastructure with the goal of reducing runoff volumes and peak flows. A more specific type of permeable pavement which will be the focus of this paper, called Paver Systems uses permeable pavement and aggregate to deliver filtered water to aquifers and prevent initial runoff. A modeling approach to incorporate a type of permeable pavement, called paver systems, into an existing hydrological model will yield an estimation of the effects of paver systems on stream flow. The modeling approach has been applied to a watershed located in Houston, Texas in Brays Bayou called Harris Gully to predict the impact of paver systems on storm water runoff.
Book Synopsis A Distributed Modeling Approach for Evaluating Hydrological Effects of Rain Gardens in Urban Watersheds by : Waleska Echevarria
Download or read book A Distributed Modeling Approach for Evaluating Hydrological Effects of Rain Gardens in Urban Watersheds written by Waleska Echevarria and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) are sustainable stormwater management practices used to mitigate the effects of urbanization such as excess runoff and water quality issues. Implementation of BMPs and LID have been limited and sometimes restricted because of the lack of recognized methodologies to estimate their hydrologic effects in urban watersheds under a continuous rainfall period. It is expected that rain gardens will have a significant effect in the reduction of peak discharge and volume for a range of different storms magnitudes including less frequent events. Rain gardens are small depressions covered by native vegetation, which receive the runoff coming from impervious areas. These practices are part of the sustainable LID and BMPs approach with the goal of reducing runoff coming from urban areas, promoting evapotranspiration and restoring some of the infiltration capability of the predevelopment site. These distributed stormwater management practices modifies the urban watershed0́9s hydrologic response by varying the size and quantity of these distributed stormwater practices. Hydrologic processes of BMPs can be complex and non linear. Uncertainty could arise when commonly simplified models are use to simulates the effects of BMPs on the hydrologic response of the watershed. This research used a methodology developed to understand the hydrologic effects of rain gardens at different quantities distributed in an urban watershed for a continuous rainfall period. The methodology used in this research tries to improve the estimation of hydrologic process of rain gardens by using a physically distributed model, Mike SHE. Mike SHE, distributed by DHI, Inc. is a fully distributed model that is able to estimate a range of hydrological processes occurring in a rain garden. This model provides an improvement over simplified models, which cannot estimates relevant hydrologic processes. The Mike SHE model simulates evapotranspiration, subsurface flow and overland flow by coupling a finite difference method in two dimensions and the Richard0́9s equation for the unsaturated zone calculations. As part of the methodology used in this research, two rain garden scenarios with different quantities of rain gardens simulated are implemented in an urban watershed. Data from rain garden sites monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center were used to build and calibrate single rain garden models. The calibrated rain gardens were incorporated to an urban watershed with an area of 13 acres and 86 houses. The urban watershed model was calibrated by using observed data monitored in the 1960s without rain gardens. Rain garden scenarios were simulated under a continuous rainfall period. Results from this research showed that simulated rain gardens are able to reduce the peak discharge and volume among different return periods. The reduction of peak discharge and volume increased when the quantity of rain gardens increased. The hydrologic effects of rain gardens decreased when the magnitude of the storm increased. The reduction of peak discharge and volume ranged from 5% to 80% depending on the magnitude of the storm. It was found that the antecedent moisture conditions of rain gardens affected their capacity for runoff retention. The results found in this research show that physically distributed models are able to estimate hydrologic effects of rain gardens inside urban watersheds. This modeling approach provides the flexibility to estimate hydrologic effects of different rain gardens layouts under continuous rainfall periods. This modeling approach could be used by engineers and planners to examine hydrologic effects in urban watershed for design purposes.
Book Synopsis Evaluating the Effects of Urbanization and Land-use Planning Using Ground-water and Surface-water Models by : R. J. Hunt
Download or read book Evaluating the Effects of Urbanization and Land-use Planning Using Ground-water and Surface-water Models written by R. J. Hunt and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydroecologic Effects of Urban Development Decisions in Residential Areas by : Carolyn Breden Voter
Download or read book Hydroecologic Effects of Urban Development Decisions in Residential Areas written by Carolyn Breden Voter and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As our urban areas grow, so too do these unintended hydrologic consequences of both urban development and traditional stormwater management systems. To combat these issues, cities are increasingly turning to stormwater management practices that better mimic natural hydrology by capturing, infiltrating, or evapotranspiring water in a distributed fashion throughout the watershed. These low impact development (LID) practices have proven effective at locally altering the water balance, but quantitative performance can vary widely across studies and it can be difficult to untangle which site-specific characteristics (e.g., climate, soil, vegetation, microtopography, impervious connectivity) are the most important drivers of observed differences in hydrologic behavior. In order to increase the adoption and reliability of LID, there is a continued need to improve our scientific understanding of how site-specific characteristics affect urban hydrologic processes and the performance of LID practices. In this dissertation, I use a physically-based hydrologic model, ParFlow.CLM, to simulate surface and subsurface hydrology at a high (0.5m) spatial resolution on single-family parcels and explore the effects of LID practices on parcel-scale runoff, deep drainage, and evapotranspiration. First, I examine how three "impervious-centric" practices (disconnecting downspouts, disconnecting sidewalks, and adding a transverse slope to the driveway and front walk), two "pervious-centric" practices (decompacting soil and adding microtopography), and all possible "holistic" combinations affect parcel-scale hydrology. Second, I systematically explore how climate moderates the effects of these LID practices on the water balance by forcing a baseline parcel with no LID practices and a parcel with all five LID practices with one year of hourly meteorological records from the 50 largest U.S. cities plus Madison, WI. Third, I more closely examine the potential of soil amendment as a LID practice by comparing targeting soil amendment a) disconnected impervious features, b) by drainage area, c) by topographic wetness index (TWI), and d) randomly. Lastly, I determine which attributes of residential single-family parcels best predict changes in hydrologic fluxes due to infiltration-based LID practices by 1) developing a suite of typical single-family lot layouts based on property assessor data for tax parcels in Madison, WI, 2) simulating baseline and low impact versions of these lots using ParFlow.CLM, and 3) building statistical models that relate single-family lot attributes to changes in runoff and deep drainage. This research demonstrates the crucial role of impervious-pervious interfaces on urban hydrology. While these sub-parcel features are rarely captured in urban hydrologic models, they have the potential to substantially alter the urban hydrologic water balance. LID interventions which both disconnect impervious surfaces and increase the infiltration capacity of soil adjacent to these features can efficiently and effectively alter the water balance at the parcel scale. The degree of hydrologic change possible from these LID practices is largely driven by the size of all impervious surfaces, the size of the house, and the size of the street plus alley; lot attributes which can be easily identified by water resources managers as a "first-cut" for determining where to encourage LID practices on private property. When evaluating which types of LID practices to promote, it is critical to consider climate characteristics like the aridity index and, to a lesser extent, rainfall intensity and the relative timing of energy and water availability. Overall, this research offers new insights into how site-specific, subparcel characteristics interact to affect larger-scale urban hydrologic processes.
Book Synopsis Global Solutions for Urban Drainage by : American Society of Civil Engineers
Download or read book Global Solutions for Urban Drainage written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Solutions for Urban Drainage by : Eric W. Strecker
Download or read book Global Solutions for Urban Drainage written by Eric W. Strecker and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stormwater Management Alternatives by : Joachim Toby Tourbier
Download or read book Stormwater Management Alternatives written by Joachim Toby Tourbier and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds by :
Download or read book Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urban Sustainability and River Restoration by : Katia Perini
Download or read book Urban Sustainability and River Restoration written by Katia Perini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Sustainability and River Restoration: Green and Blue Infrastructure considers the integration of green and blue infrastructure in cities as a strategy useful for acting on causes and effects of environmental and ecological issues. River restoration projects are unique opportunities for sustainable development and smart growth of communities, providing multiple environmental, economic, and social benefits.This book analyzes initiatives and actions carried out and developed to improve environmental conditions in cities and better understand the environmental impact of (and in) dense urban areas in the United States and in Europe.
Author :American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Publisher :AASHTO ISBN 13 :1560510552 Total Pages :622 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (65 download)
Book Synopsis AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, 1993 by : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Download or read book AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, 1993 written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 1993 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design related project level pavement management - Economic evaluation of alternative pavement design strategies - Reliability / - Pavement design procedures for new construction or reconstruction : Design requirements - Highway pavement structural design - Low-volume road design / - Pavement design procedures for rehabilitation of existing pavements : Rehabilitation concepts - Guides for field data collection - Rehabilitation methods other than overlay - Rehabilitation methods with overlays / - Mechanistic-empirical design procedures.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Urban Watersheds by : Richard Field
Download or read book The Use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Urban Watersheds written by Richard Field and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2006 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Presents and compares all major stormwater/runoff control strategies ; New data on pollutant removal efficiencies, design, costs, environmental impacts and more ; Where and why to use the best techniques for limiting/monitoring diffuse pollution ; Provides the tools to meet regulations and improve water quality in urban/suburban watersheds"--From publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Wetland Systems to Control Urban Runoff by : M. Scholz
Download or read book Wetland Systems to Control Urban Runoff written by M. Scholz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-09-29 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wetland Systems to Control Urban Runoff integrates natural and constructed wetlands, and sustainable drainage techniques into traditional water and wastewater systems used to treat surface runoff and associated diffuse pollution. The first part of the text introduces the fundamentals of water quality management, and water and wastewater treatment. The remaining focus of the text is on reviewing treatment technologies, disinfection issues, sludge treatment and disposal options, and current case studies related to constructed wetlands applied for runoff and diffuse pollution treatment. Professionals and students will be interested in the detailed design, operation, management, process control and water quality monitoring and applied modeling issues. * Contains a comprehensive collection of timely, novel and innovative research case studies in the area of wetland systems applied for the treatment of urban runoff * Demonstrates to practitioners how natural and constructed wetland systems can be integrated into traditional wastewater systems, which are predominantly applied for the treatment of surface runoff and diffuse pollution * Assesses the design, operation, management and water treatment performance of sustainable urban drainage systems including constructed wetlands
Book Synopsis Water-sensitive Urban Design and Planning by : Mahreen Matto
Download or read book Water-sensitive Urban Design and Planning written by Mahreen Matto and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Landscape as Infrastructure by : Pierre Belanger
Download or read book Landscape as Infrastructure written by Pierre Belanger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As ecology becomes the new engineering, the projection of landscape as infrastructure—the contemporary alignment of the disciplines of landscape architecture, civil engineering, and urban planning— has become pressing. Predominant challenges facing urban regions and territories today—including shifting climates, material flows, and population mobilities, are addressed and strategized here. Responding to the under-performance of master planning and over-exertion of technological systems at the end of twentieth century, this book argues for the strategic design of "infrastructural ecologies," describing a synthetic landscape of living, biophysical systems that operate as urban infrastructures to shape and direct the future of urban economies and cultures into the 21st century. Pierre Bélanger is Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture and Co-Director of the Master in Design Studies Program at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design. As part of the Department of Landscape Architecture and the Advansed Studies Program, Bélanger teaches and coordinates graduate courses on the convergence of ecology, infrastructure and urbanism in the interrelated fields of design, planning and engineering. Dr. Bélanger is author of the 35th edition of the Pamphlet Architecture Series from Princeton Architectural Press, GOING LIVE: from States to Systems (pa35.net), co-editor with Jennifer Sigler of the 39th issue of Harvard Design Magazine, Wet Matter, and co-author of the forthcoming volume ECOLOGIES OF POWER: Mapping Military Geographies & Logistical Landscapes of the U.S. Department of Defense. As a landscape architect and urbanist, he is the recipient of the 2008 Canada Prix de Rome in Architecture and the Curator for the Canada Pavilion ad Canadian Exhibition, "EXTRACTION," at the 2016 Venice Architecture Biennale (extraction.ca).
Book Synopsis Alkali-Activated Cements and Concretes by : Caijun Shi
Download or read book Alkali-Activated Cements and Concretes written by Caijun Shi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-05-10 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first English-language book which reviews and summarizes worldwide research advances in alkali-activated cements and concrete. Essential topics include: raw materials and their properties for the production of the two new types of binder the hydration and microstructure development of alkali-activated slag cements the mechanical properties and durability of alkali-activated slag cement and concrete other various cementing systems and their applications related standards and specifications. This respected team of authors has produced an important piece of research that will be of great interest to professionals and academics alike, enabling the production of more durable and environmentally sensitive materials.
