Estoques de carbono e agregados do solo cultivado com cana-de-açucar: efeito da palhada e do clima no centro-sul do Brasil

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (212 download)

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Book Synopsis Estoques de carbono e agregados do solo cultivado com cana-de-açucar: efeito da palhada e do clima no centro-sul do Brasil by : Gábor Gyula Julius Szakács

Download or read book Estoques de carbono e agregados do solo cultivado com cana-de-açucar: efeito da palhada e do clima no centro-sul do Brasil written by Gábor Gyula Julius Szakács and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Continuação) O 'delta'13C da fração de partículas livres ou agregados não estáveis em água de fluxo contínuo é menor em todas as profundidades, indicando que a matéria orgânica recente (C4) encontra-se no solo principalmente de forma agregada estável em água, evidenciando seu papel fundamental na estabilidade dos agregados. Constatou-se também, que quanto mais novo o macroagregado, maior o seu teor em carbono. Nos microagregados verificou- se o efeito contrário. Quanto mais velho o microagregado, maior o seu teor em carbono. Isso indica que o microagregado possui uma melhor proteção contra a decomposição de carbono, e também a capacidade de um aumento no teor de carbono, no decorrer do tempo, em virtude da assimilação de carbono mais novo. Conclui-se, que em termos de seqüestro de carbono de longa duração, é propício avaliar mecanismos de proteção do carbono recalcitrante dentro dos microagregados e estudar como técnicas agrícolas podem proteger melhor esta fração.

Soil Carbon

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Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1780645325
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Carbon by : Steven A Banwart

Download or read book Soil Carbon written by Steven A Banwart and published by CABI. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the essential evidence and policy opportunities regarding the global importance of soil carbon for sustaining Earth's life support system for humanity. Covering the science and policy background for this important natural resource, it describes land management options that improve soil carbon status and therefore increase the benefits that humans derive from the environment. Written by renowned global experts, it is the principal output from a SCOPE rapid assessment process project.

Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio num argissolo amarelo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio num argissolo amarelo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar by : E. F. M Pinheiro

Download or read book Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio num argissolo amarelo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar written by E. F. M Pinheiro and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar o efeito dos sistemas de colheita da cana-de-açúcar sobre os estoque de carbono e nitrogênio orgânico num Argissolo Amarelo, no município de Linhares (ES). Foram coletadas amostras de solo para análise de C e N sob os sequintes sisteas de colheita da cana-de-açúcar: corte da cana após a queima da plhada (cana comqueima); e o corte da cana sem a queima da palhada, com distribuição desta na superfície do solo (cana crua). Também foram coletadas amostras de solo numa área de mata adjacente à área experimental.

Efeito do manejo da palhada da cana-de-açúcar sobre a dinâmica da matéria orgânica e sua relação com os agregados do solo

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (559 download)

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Book Synopsis Efeito do manejo da palhada da cana-de-açúcar sobre a dinâmica da matéria orgânica e sua relação com os agregados do solo by : Marcos Antonio Vieira Ligo

Download or read book Efeito do manejo da palhada da cana-de-açúcar sobre a dinâmica da matéria orgânica e sua relação com os agregados do solo written by Marcos Antonio Vieira Ligo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Há um consenso que a dinâmica dos agregados do solo exerce um forte controle na dinâmica de C orgânico, e que esta dinâmica é influenciada pelo manejo do solo e dos restos culturais dos agroecossistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição dos agregados estáveis em água e a matéria orgânica associada aos agregados sob dois regimes de manejo da palhada de cana-de-açúcar. Amostras foram coletadas em réplicas, nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 e 15-20 cm, num experimento com seis anos de duração estabelecido num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, no município de Morro Agudo, Estado de São Paulo. O experimento em bloco consistiu de 2 tratamentos, com quatro repetições, que diferiram na forma de colheita da cana-de-açúcar: cana colhida manualmente com queima da palhada (CQ) e cana colhida mecanicamente sem queima da palhada (CC). Os agregados foram obtidos pelo peneiramento úmido e classificados em 7 classes de tamanho. Em cada classe de agregados foram avaliados os teores de C e N da matéria orgânica total, particulada (MOP) e associada às frações (silte+argila) A estabilidade dos agregados individuais pelo método turbidimétrico e a macroagregação também foram avaliados. Foi usada a abundância natural de 13 C para comparar a proporção de C derivado da planta C4 e da vegetação natural. A cana crua (CC) não aumentou o estoque da matéria orgânica do solo, em comparação com a cana queimada (CQ), na profundidade de 0-20 cm, num período de seis anos. A maior participação de macroagregados ocorreu na cana crua (CC), devido principalmente a uma maior participação da classe > 2 mm. Os teores de C e N total, C e N mi, C e N-MOP entre as classes de agregados não demonstraram uma organização hierárquica dos agregados. A participação de C proveniente da planta C4 nas diferentes classes de agregados não refletiu os índices de estabilidade de agregados medidos pelo método turbidimétrico. Os resultados de 'delta' 13 C nos manejos da palhada da cana-de-açúcar demonstraram que os microagregados apresentam uma taxa de ciclagem comparável ao dos macroagregados.

Efeito da queima e das aplicações de nitrogênio e vinhaça após 16 anos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Efeito da queima e das aplicações de nitrogênio e vinhaça após 16 anos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar by : A. S. de RESENDE

Download or read book Efeito da queima e das aplicações de nitrogênio e vinhaça após 16 anos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar written by A. S. de RESENDE and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neste trabalho, realizado na Usina Cruangi, Timbaúba, PE, localizada numa região de transição entre. a Zona da Mata e o Agreste daquele Estado, avaliou-se o efeito, por 16 anos (1983-1999), da aplicação de nitrogênio (O e 80 kg ha-l na forma de uréia), vinhaça (O e 80 m3 ha-l) e dos sistemas de corte de cana crua e queimada sobre as características produtivas e tecnológicas da cultura de cana-de-açúcar, nas características químicas e no estoque de carbono e nitrogênio do solo, e na contribuição da fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial completo 2 x 2 x 2, e quatro repetições. Constatou-se que a manutenção da palhada no sistema favoreceu a produção de colmos de forma progressiva, com o passar dos anos, e as respostas às aplicações de nitrogênio e vinhaça não foram consistentes. Já as características tecnológicas da cana-de-açúcar foram afetadas negativamente pela aplicação de nitrogênio, o que não se refletiu na produção de açúcar em função do aumento de produtividade de colmos proporcionado por esta prática. A aplicação de vinhaça e a manutenção da palhada no sistema não influenciaram a qualidade do caldo, mas favoreceram a produção de açúcar, pelo mesmo motivo. O açúcar produzido no tratamento em que se manteve a palha no sistema foi 15% maior na primeira fase; 59% na segunda fase e cerca de 28% maior ao longo de todo o experimento, quando comparado às parcelas queimadas. Os efeitos da aplicação dos tratamentos na fertilidade do solo foram sentidos somente até 20 cm de profundidade e a manutenção da palhada favoreceu os teores de nitrogênio e carbono total do solo, enquanto a aplicação de vinhaça dobrou os teores de potássio disponível do solo. A manutenção da palhada conservou o carbono do solo, originário da floresta (C3), com mais eficiência. O acúmulo de carbono de origem C4 no solo foi pequeno em relação ao carbono total já existente, mas ocorreu com maior intensidade no tratamento sem queima, possibilitando um incremento do carbono total de cerca de 4400 kg ha-l, aproximadamente 1700 kg ha- 1 a mais que o tratamento com queima prévia da palha. A manutenção da palha no sistema favoreceu o estoque de carbono do solo em mais de 300 kg ha-l ano-l, incrementando-o em cerca de 10% em relação a vegetação nativa, e em 5% quando comparado ao tratamento convencional de queima prévia do canavial. O estoque de nitrogênio do solo também foi aumentado pela manutenção da palhada, porém em menor magnitude. As plantas acumularam entre 750 e 1500 kg ha-l de nitrogênio em seus tecidos, nos tratamentos com e sem queima, respectivamente. Em relação ao carbono acumulado pela parte aérea da cana-de-açúcar, este variou entre 100 e 200 Mg ha-l para os tratamentos com e sem queima da palha, antes do corte. Assim, o balanço de carbono do solo foi positivo para todos os tratamentos, e oscilou entre 2600 e 6500 kg ha-1 ano-l de C para os tratamentos em que não aplicou-se vinhaça e manteve-se a palha, respectivamente. Menos de 6% deste carbono foi efetivamente incorporado ao solo, sendo a maior parte perdido no processo de mineralização deste material. O percentual de contribuição da FBN chegou a 32% do total de nitrogênio acumulado pela parte aérea das plantas. O manejo da colheita de cana crua foi mais 20% mais lucrativo ao produtor após 16 anos, embora, nos primeiros anos, este sistema tenha sido menos rentável que o de colheita de cana queimada, o que sugere que o agricultor deva adotar o manejo de cana crua de forma gradativa, minimizando o impacto dos custos iniciais. This study conducted at the sugar cane plantation of Usina Cruangi, Timbaúba, Pernabuco localised in a region between the "Zona da Mata" and the " Agreste" of this State. The effects of the addition of nitrogen fertiliser (O and 80 kg N ha-l), of vinasse (distillery waste -0 and 80 m3 ha-l) and two harvesting systems (with or without pre- harvest burning) on the yield and industrial parameters of sugarcane were investigated over a 16 year period (1983 to 1999). The effects of these different treatments on chemical characteristics of, and the stocks of carbon and nitrogen in, the soil, and the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) were also evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design in complete randomised blocks with four replicates. The maintenance of the trash in the system favoured the cane yields progressively with time, but the responses to the applications of N and vinasse were inconsistent. The technical characteristics of the cane were affected negatively by the application of N fertiliser such that the increase in the productivity of the crop was lower than the increase in sugar production. The application of vinasse and the trash conservation in the system did not inf1uence the quality of the cane juice, but favoured sugar production. The sugar produced in the treatment where trash was conserved was 15 % greater in the first phase; 59 % in the second phase and 28 % greater over the whole experimental period in comparison with the burned cane. The effect of the treatments on soil fertility were significant only to a depth of 20 cm, and the trash conservation favoured the concentrations of total C and N in the soil. The application of vinasse doubled the concentration of exchangeable potassium. Trash conservation conserved soil carbon derived from the original forest (C3) vegetation in comparison to the practice of pre-harvest burning. The accumulation of the C4 carbon in the soil was small in relation to the total already present, but was greater in the treatments where trash was conserved, amounting to a total of 4400 kg C4-C ha-l, approximately 1700 kg C ha-l more than under the conventional practice of pre-harvest burning. In the plots where trash was conserved, soil C stocks increased by 300 kg ha-l year-l which amounted finally to a total equivalent to 10 % in relation to the native vegetation and 5 % in relation to the plots under pre-harvest burning. The stock of soil N was also increased by the trash conservation, but by a lower proportion. The plants accumulated 750 and 1500 kg N ha-l in their tissues in the treatments with and without pre-harvest burning, respectively. With respect to the carbon accumulated by the shoot tissue of the sugarcane, this varied from 100 to 200 Mg ha-l for the burned and unburned treatments respectively, before harvest. Thus the carbon balance of the soil was positive for all treatments and varied between 2600 and 6500 kg C ha-l yeafl for the treatments without vinasse and with trash conservation, respectively. Less than 6 % of this carbon was effectively incorporated into the soil, the greater part being lost by microbial decomposition. The proportion ofN derived from BNF by the cane plants reached 32 % of that accumulated in the aerial tissue of the crop. The management of the crop as green cane (trash conservation) was 20% more profitable to the plantation owner after 16 years, although in the first years this system was less lucrative than using pre-harvest burning which suggests that the manager should adopt trash conservation gradually minimising the impact of initial extra costs.

Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em diferentes manejos do solo

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783330738980
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (389 download)

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Book Synopsis Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em diferentes manejos do solo by : José Deomar de Souza Barros

Download or read book Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em diferentes manejos do solo written by José Deomar de Souza Barros and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-24 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Agriculture and Industry in Brazil

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Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231549520
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Agriculture and Industry in Brazil by : Albert Fishlow

Download or read book Agriculture and Industry in Brazil written by Albert Fishlow and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture and Industry in Brazil is a study of the economics of Brazilian agriculture and industry, with a special focus on the importance of innovation to productivity growth. Albert Fishlow and José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho examine technological change in Brazil, highlighting the role of public policy in building institutions and creating an innovation-oriented environment. Fishlow and Vieira Filho tackle the theme of innovation from various angles. They contrast the relationship between state involvement and the private sector in key parts of the Brazilian economy and compare agricultural expansion with growth in the oil and aviation sectors. Fishlow and Vieira Filho argue that modern agriculture is a knowledge-intensive industry and its success in Brazil stems from public institution building. They demonstrate how research has played a key role in productivity growth, showing how prudent innovation policies can leverage knowledge not only within a particular company but also across whole sectors of the economy. The book discusses whether and how Brazil can serve as a model for other middle-income countries eager to achieve higher growth and a more egalitarian distribution of income. An important contribution to comparative, international, and development economics, Agriculture and Industry in Brazil shows how the public success in agriculture became a prototype for advance elsewhere.

An Enterprise Map of Mozambique

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ISBN 13 : 9781907994371
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (943 download)

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Book Synopsis An Enterprise Map of Mozambique by : John Sutton

Download or read book An Enterprise Map of Mozambique written by John Sutton and published by . This book was released on 2014-06 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sugarcane Bioethanol

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ISBN 13 : 9788521205302
Total Pages : 994 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Sugarcane Bioethanol by : Luís Augusto Barbosa Cortez

Download or read book Sugarcane Bioethanol written by Luís Augusto Barbosa Cortez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Brazil, sugarcane ethanol supplied, in 2009, 17.6 % of the energy for land transportation (excluding railroads)and about 55% of the total energy supplied by liquid fuel for Otto cycle engines. Besides the lower production costs ethanol produced from sugarcane in Brazil has another important advantage: in Central-South Brazil only 1 unit of fossil energy is used for each 8-9 units of energy produced by ethanol from sugarcane. Carbon emissions reduction also benefits from sugarcane ethanol: for each cubic meter of ethanol used as fuel, there is net saving of around 2 t CO2 not emitted to the atmosphere while, at the same time, no SO2 is emitted. Sugarcane was introduced in Brazil in 1532. The "Brazilian model" of producing concomitantly sugar and ethanol, brought important technical benefits and made possible an outstanding increase in the competitiveness in the international market for sugar and ethanol. Today about 50% of the sucrose of sugarcane produced in the country is directed to the production of sugar while another half is used to produce Ethanol. Industrial and academic R&D has helped to increase the productivity of ethanol steadily over the past 35 years, at a rate of 3.2% per year. Productivity gains implied savings of planted area by a factor of 2.6. In 2009/2010 the area planted with sugarcane for Ethanol production was 4.2 Mha, amounting to 1% of the total arable land available in Brazil. About 60% of the Ethanol produced in Brazil comes from the State of Sao Paulo, where the productivity is the highest (around 86 t/ha.year). Most of the recent expansion is happening in the center-west region of the country, in degraded pasture lands. The FAPESP Program for Research on Bioenergy, BIOEN, aims at articulating public and private R&D, using academic and industrial laboratories to advance and apply knowledge in fields related to ethanol production in Brazil. The BIOEN Program has a solid core for supporting academic exploratory research activities that will generate new knowledge and form scientists and professionals essential for advancing industry capacity in ethanol related technologies. On top of this, BIOEN includes partnerships with industry for cooperative R&D activities between industrial and academic laboratories, which are to be co-funded by FAPESP and industry.Federal agencies, such as CNPq, will also co-fund the research.

Sugarcane Crop Management

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Publisher : SciTech Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781930813168
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Sugarcane Crop Management by : S. B. Singh

Download or read book Sugarcane Crop Management written by S. B. Singh and published by SciTech Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugarcane is an important cash crop in many tropical and sub tropical countries and is one of the main sources of sugar production in the world. In addition to several other factors, sugarcane pests and diseases are also responsible for significant losses in yield. Sugarcane crop management, like most of the other disciplines, has advanced tremendously, both quantitatively and qualitatively particular in the last decade. In recent years, advanced biotechnological and molecular biological tools have been applied for identification and management of sugarcane pests. In addition to this, the newly reported alarming pests and diseases of sugarcane are also assuming international interest on account of their etiology, losses and wider occurrence.

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Australian Journal of Agricultural Research by :

Download or read book Australian Journal of Agricultural Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Southern Forages

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Southern Forages by : Donald M. Ball

Download or read book Southern Forages written by Donald M. Ball and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Soil Management for Sustainability

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Management for Sustainability by : R. Lal

Download or read book Soil Management for Sustainability written by R. Lal and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book manuscripts presented originally at a World Association of Soil and Water Conservation conference held in 1989 are collected. Topics include basic processes (e.g. soil structure, soil erosion, soil compaction); management options (e.g. conservation tillage); policy issues and priorities

Trade and Market in the Early Empires

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade and Market in the Early Empires by : Karl Polanyi

Download or read book Trade and Market in the Early Empires written by Karl Polanyi and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

World Energy Outlook 2015

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789264243651
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (436 download)

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Book Synopsis World Energy Outlook 2015 by : International Energy Agency

Download or read book World Energy Outlook 2015 written by International Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2015-11-25 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The precipitous fall in oil prices, continued geopolitical instability and the ongoing global climate negotiations are witness to the dynamic nature of energy markets. In a time of so much uncertainty, understanding the implications of the shifting energy landscape for economic and environmental goals and for energy security is vital. The World Energy Outlook 2015 (WEO-2015) will present updated projections for the evolution of the global energy system to 2040, based on the latest data and market developments, as well as detailed insights on the prospects for fossil fuels, renewables, the power sector and energy efficiency and analysis on trends in CO2 emissions and fossil-fuel and renewable energy subsidies.

Teaching as a Subversive Activity

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Publisher : Laurel
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching as a Subversive Activity by : Neil Postman

Download or read book Teaching as a Subversive Activity written by Neil Postman and published by Laurel. This book was released on 1987 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Peasant Society

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1038 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Peasant Society by : Jack M. Potter

Download or read book Peasant Society written by Jack M. Potter and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 1038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: