Finite Difference Methods for Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations

Download Finite Difference Methods for Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SIAM
ISBN 13 : 9780898717839
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (178 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Finite Difference Methods for Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations by : Randall J. LeVeque

Download or read book Finite Difference Methods for Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations written by Randall J. LeVeque and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces finite difference methods for both ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs) and discusses the similarities and differences between algorithm design and stability analysis for different types of equations. A unified view of stability theory for ODEs and PDEs is presented, and the interplay between ODE and PDE analysis is stressed. The text emphasizes standard classical methods, but several newer approaches also are introduced and are described in the context of simple motivating examples.

Handbook of Financial Econometrics

Download Handbook of Financial Econometrics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080929842
Total Pages : 809 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Financial Econometrics by : Yacine Ait-Sahalia

Download or read book Handbook of Financial Econometrics written by Yacine Ait-Sahalia and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-10-19 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of original articles—8 years in the making—shines a bright light on recent advances in financial econometrics. From a survey of mathematical and statistical tools for understanding nonlinear Markov processes to an exploration of the time-series evolution of the risk-return tradeoff for stock market investment, noted scholars Yacine Aït-Sahalia and Lars Peter Hansen benchmark the current state of knowledge while contributors build a framework for its growth. Whether in the presence of statistical uncertainty or the proven advantages and limitations of value at risk models, readers will discover that they can set few constraints on the value of this long-awaited volume. - Presents a broad survey of current research—from local characterizations of the Markov process dynamics to financial market trading activity - Contributors include Nobel Laureate Robert Engle and leading econometricians - Offers a clarity of method and explanation unavailable in other financial econometrics collections

Applied Stochastic Differential Equations

Download Applied Stochastic Differential Equations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316510085
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Stochastic Differential Equations by : Simo Särkkä

Download or read book Applied Stochastic Differential Equations written by Simo Särkkä and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this hands-on introduction readers will learn what SDEs are all about and how they should use them in practice.

Real-time PDE-constrained Optimization

Download Real-time PDE-constrained Optimization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SIAM
ISBN 13 : 9780898718935
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Real-time PDE-constrained Optimization by : Lorenz T. Biegler

Download or read book Real-time PDE-constrained Optimization written by Lorenz T. Biegler and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many engineering and scientific problems in design, control, and parameter estimation can be formulated as optimization problems that are governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). The complexities of the PDEs--and the requirement for rapid solution--pose significant difficulties. A particularly challenging class of PDE-constrained optimization problems is characterized by the need for real-time solution, i.e., in time scales that are sufficiently rapid to support simulation-based decision making. Real-Time PDE-Constrained Optimization, the first book devoted to real-time optimization for systems governed by PDEs, focuses on new formulations, methods, and algorithms needed to facilitate real-time, PDE-constrained optimization. In addition to presenting state-of-the-art algorithms and formulations, the text illustrates these algorithms with a diverse set of applications that includes problems in the areas of aerodynamics, biology, fluid dynamics, medicine, chemical processes, homeland security, and structural dynamics. Audience: readers who have expertise in simulation and are interested in incorporating optimization into their simulations, who have expertise in numerical optimization and are interested in adapting optimization methods to the class of infinite-dimensional simulation problems, or who have worked in "offline" optimization contexts and are interested in moving to "online" optimization.

Finite Difference Methods in Financial Engineering

Download Finite Difference Methods in Financial Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118856481
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Finite Difference Methods in Financial Engineering by : Daniel J. Duffy

Download or read book Finite Difference Methods in Financial Engineering written by Daniel J. Duffy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of quantitative finance (QF) is one of the fastest growing areas of research and its practical applications to derivatives pricing problem. Since the discovery of the famous Black-Scholes equation in the 1970's we have seen a surge in the number of models for a wide range of products such as plain and exotic options, interest rate derivatives, real options and many others. Gone are the days when it was possible to price these derivatives analytically. For most problems we must resort to some kind of approximate method. In this book we employ partial differential equations (PDE) to describe a range of one-factor and multi-factor derivatives products such as plain European and American options, multi-asset options, Asian options, interest rate options and real options. PDE techniques allow us to create a framework for modeling complex and interesting derivatives products. Having defined the PDE problem we then approximate it using the Finite Difference Method (FDM). This method has been used for many application areas such as fluid dynamics, heat transfer, semiconductor simulation and astrophysics, to name just a few. In this book we apply the same techniques to pricing real-life derivative products. We use both traditional (or well-known) methods as well as a number of advanced schemes that are making their way into the QF literature: Crank-Nicolson, exponentially fitted and higher-order schemes for one-factor and multi-factor options Early exercise features and approximation using front-fixing, penalty and variational methods Modelling stochastic volatility models using Splitting methods Critique of ADI and Crank-Nicolson schemes; when they work and when they don't work Modelling jumps using Partial Integro Differential Equations (PIDE) Free and moving boundary value problems in QF Included with the book is a CD containing information on how to set up FDM algorithms, how to map these algorithms to C++ as well as several working programs for one-factor and two-factor models. We also provide source code so that you can customize the applications to suit your own needs.

Uncertain Differential Equations

Download Uncertain Differential Equations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662527294
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Uncertain Differential Equations by : Kai Yao

Download or read book Uncertain Differential Equations written by Kai Yao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-29 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to the basic concepts of and latest findings in the area of differential equations with uncertain factors. It covers the analytic method and numerical method for solving uncertain differential equations, as well as their applications in the field of finance. Furthermore, the book provides a number of new potential research directions for uncertain differential equation. It will be of interest to researchers, engineers and students in the fields of mathematics, information science, operations research, industrial engineering, computer science, artificial intelligence, automation, economics, and management science.

Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations in Science and Engineering

Download Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations in Science and Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118031210
Total Pages : 677 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations in Science and Engineering by : Leon Lapidus

Download or read book Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations in Science and Engineering written by Leon Lapidus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the reviews of Numerical Solution of PartialDifferential Equations in Science and Engineering: "The book by Lapidus and Pinder is a very comprehensive, evenexhaustive, survey of the subject . . . [It] is unique in that itcovers equally finite difference and finite element methods." Burrelle's "The authors have selected an elementary (but not simplistic)mode of presentation. Many different computational schemes aredescribed in great detail . . . Numerous practical examples andapplications are described from beginning to the end, often withcalculated results given." Mathematics of Computing "This volume . . . devotes its considerable number of pages tolucid developments of the methods [for solving partial differentialequations] . . . the writing is very polished and I found it apleasure to read!" Mathematics of Computation Of related interest . . . NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR APPLIED SCIENCE Myron B. Allen andEli L. Isaacson. A modern, practical look at numerical analysis,this book guides readers through a broad selection of numericalmethods, implementation, and basic theoretical results, with anemphasis on methods used in scientific computation involvingdifferential equations. 1997 (0-471-55266-6) 512 pp. APPLIED MATHEMATICS Second Edition, J. David Logan.Presenting an easily accessible treatment of mathematical methodsfor scientists and engineers, this acclaimed work covers fluidmechanics and calculus of variations as well as more modernmethods-dimensional analysis and scaling, nonlinear wavepropagation, bifurcation, and singular perturbation. 1996(0-471-16513-1) 496 pp.

Partial Differential Equations

Download Partial Differential Equations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470054565
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Partial Differential Equations by : Walter A. Strauss

Download or read book Partial Differential Equations written by Walter A. Strauss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-12-21 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our understanding of the fundamental processes of the natural world is based to a large extent on partial differential equations (PDEs). The second edition of Partial Differential Equations provides an introduction to the basic properties of PDEs and the ideas and techniques that have proven useful in analyzing them. It provides the student a broad perspective on the subject, illustrates the incredibly rich variety of phenomena encompassed by it, and imparts a working knowledge of the most important techniques of analysis of the solutions of the equations. In this book mathematical jargon is minimized. Our focus is on the three most classical PDEs: the wave, heat and Laplace equations. Advanced concepts are introduced frequently but with the least possible technicalities. The book is flexibly designed for juniors, seniors or beginning graduate students in science, engineering or mathematics.

Computational Methods in Finance

Download Computational Methods in Finance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466576049
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computational Methods in Finance by : Ali Hirsa

Download or read book Computational Methods in Finance written by Ali Hirsa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Helping readers accurately price a vast array of derivatives, this self-contained text explains how to solve complex functional equations through numerical methods. It addresses key computational methods in finance, including transform techniques, the finite difference method, and Monte Carlo simulation. Developed from his courses at Columbia University and the Courant Institute of New York University, the author also covers model calibration and optimization and describes techniques, such as Kalman and particle filters, for parameter estimation.

Frontiers in Stochastic Analysis–BSDEs, SPDEs and their Applications

Download Frontiers in Stochastic Analysis–BSDEs, SPDEs and their Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030222853
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Frontiers in Stochastic Analysis–BSDEs, SPDEs and their Applications by : Samuel N. Cohen

Download or read book Frontiers in Stochastic Analysis–BSDEs, SPDEs and their Applications written by Samuel N. Cohen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-31 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of selected, revised and extended contributions resulted from a Workshop on BSDEs, SPDEs and their Applications that took place in Edinburgh, Scotland, July 2017 and included the 8th World Symposium on BSDEs. The volume addresses recent advances involving backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) and stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs). These equations are of fundamental importance in modelling of biological, physical and economic systems, and underpin many problems in control of random systems, mathematical finance, stochastic filtering and data assimilation. The papers in this volume seek to understand these equations, and to use them to build our understanding in other areas of mathematics. This volume will be of interest to those working at the forefront of modern probability theory, both established researchers and graduate students.

Stochastic Analysis and Applications to Finance

Download Stochastic Analysis and Applications to Finance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814383589
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stochastic Analysis and Applications to Finance by : Tusheng Zhang

Download or read book Stochastic Analysis and Applications to Finance written by Tusheng Zhang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of solicited and refereed articles from distinguished researchers across the field of stochastic analysis and its application to finance. The articles represent new directions and newest developments in this exciting and fast growing area. The covered topics range from Markov processes, backward stochastic differential equations, stochastic partial differential equations, stochastic control, potential theory, functional inequalities, optimal stopping, portfolio selection, to risk measure and risk theory. It will be a very useful book for young researchers who want to learn about the research directions in the area, as well as experienced researchers who want to know about the latest developments in the area of stochastic analysis and mathematical finance. Sample Chapter(s). Editorial Foreword (58 KB). Chapter 1: Non-Linear Evolution Equations Driven by Rough Paths (399 KB). Contents: Non-Linear Evolution Equations Driven by Rough Paths (Thomas Cass, Zhongmin Qian and Jan Tudor); Optimal Stopping Times with Different Information Levels and with Time Uncertainty (Arijit Chakrabarty and Xin Guo); Finite Horizon Optimal Investment and Consumption with CARA Utility and Proportional Transaction Costs (Yingshan Chen, Min Dai and Kun Zhao); MUniform Integrability of Exponential Martingales and Spectral Bounds of Non-Local Feynman-Kac Semigroups (Zhen-Qing Chen); Continuous-Time Mean-Variance Portfolio Selection with Finite Transactions (Xiangyu Cui, Jianjun Gao and Duan Li); Quantifying Model Uncertainties in the Space of Probability Measures (J Duan, T Gao and G He); A PDE Approach to Multivariate Risk Theory (Robert J Elliott, Tak Kuen Siu and Hailiang Yang); Stochastic Analysis on Loop Groups (Shizan Fang); Existence and Stability of Measure Solutions for BSDE with Generators of Quadratic Growth (Alexander Fromm, Peter Imkeller and Jianing Zhang); Convex Capital Requirements for Large Portfolios (Hans FAllmer and Thomas Knispel); The Mixed Equilibrium of Insider Trading in the Market with Rational Expected Price (Fuzhou Gong and Hong Liu); Some Results on Backward Stochastic Differential Equations Driven by Fractional Brownian Motions (Yaozhong Hu, Daniel Ocone and Jian Song); Potential Theory of Subordinate Brownian Motions Revisited (Panki Kim, Renming Song and Zoran Vondraiek); Research on Social Causes of the Financial Crisis (Steven Kou); Wick Formulas and Inequalities for the Quaternion Gaussian and -Permanental Variables (Wenbo V Li and Ang Wei); Further Study on Web Markov Skeleton Processes (Yuting Liu, Zhi-Ming Ma and Chuan Zhou); MLE of Parameters in the Drifted Brownian Motion and Its Error (Lemee Nakamura and Weian Zheng); Optimal Partial Information Control of SPDEs with Delay and Time-Advanced Backward SPDEs (Bernt yksendal, Agn s Sulem and Tusheng Zhang); Simulation of Diversified Portfolios in Continuous Financial Markets (Eckhard Platen and Renata Rendek); Coupling and Applications (Feng-Yu Wang); SDEs and a Generalised Burgers Equation (Jiang-Lun Wu and Wei Yang); Mean-Variance Hedging in the Discontinuous Case (Jianming Xia). Readership: Graduates and researchers in stochatic analysis and mathematical finance.

An Introduction to the Mathematics of Financial Derivatives

Download An Introduction to the Mathematics of Financial Derivatives PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0125153929
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (251 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Introduction to the Mathematics of Financial Derivatives by : Salih N. Neftci

Download or read book An Introduction to the Mathematics of Financial Derivatives written by Salih N. Neftci and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2000-05-19 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A step-by-step explanation of the mathematical models used to price derivatives. For this second edition, Salih Neftci has expanded one chapter, added six new ones, and inserted chapter-concluding exercises. He does not assume that the reader has a thorough mathematical background. His explanations of financial calculus seek to be simple and perceptive.

Partial Differential Equations and Boundary-Value Problems with Applications

Download Partial Differential Equations and Boundary-Value Problems with Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821868896
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Partial Differential Equations and Boundary-Value Problems with Applications by : Mark A. Pinsky

Download or read book Partial Differential Equations and Boundary-Value Problems with Applications written by Mark A. Pinsky and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2011 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the basic techniques of separation of variables and Fourier series, the book presents the solution of boundary-value problems for basic partial differential equations: the heat equation, wave equation, and Laplace equation, considered in various standard coordinate systems--rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical. Each of the equations is derived in the three-dimensional context; the solutions are organized according to the geometry of the coordinate system, which makes the mathematics especially transparent. Bessel and Legendre functions are studied and used whenever appropriate throughout the text. The notions of steady-state solution of closely related stationary solutions are developed for the heat equation; applications to the study of heat flow in the earth are presented. The problem of the vibrating string is studied in detail both in the Fourier transform setting and from the viewpoint of the explicit representation (d'Alembert formula). Additional chapters include the numerical analysis of solutions and the method of Green's functions for solutions of partial differential equations. The exposition also includes asymptotic methods (Laplace transform and stationary phase). With more than 200 working examples and 700 exercises (more than 450 with answers), the book is suitable for an undergraduate course in partial differential equations.

Stochastic Simulation and Applications in Finance with MATLAB Programs

Download Stochastic Simulation and Applications in Finance with MATLAB Programs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470722134
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stochastic Simulation and Applications in Finance with MATLAB Programs by : Huu Tue Huynh

Download or read book Stochastic Simulation and Applications in Finance with MATLAB Programs written by Huu Tue Huynh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-21 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stochastic Simulation and Applications in Finance with MATLAB Programs explains the fundamentals of Monte Carlo simulation techniques, their use in the numerical resolution of stochastic differential equations and their current applications in finance. Building on an integrated approach, it provides a pedagogical treatment of the need-to-know materials in risk management and financial engineering. The book takes readers through the basic concepts, covering the most recent research and problems in the area, including: the quadratic re-sampling technique, the Least Squared Method, the dynamic programming and Stratified State Aggregation technique to price American options, the extreme value simulation technique to price exotic options and the retrieval of volatility method to estimate Greeks. The authors also present modern term structure of interest rate models and pricing swaptions with the BGM market model, and give a full explanation of corporate securities valuation and credit risk based on the structural approach of Merton. Case studies on financial guarantees illustrate how to implement the simulation techniques in pricing and hedging. NOTE TO READER: The CD has been converted to URL. Go to the following website www.wiley.com/go/huyhnstochastic which provides MATLAB programs for the practical examples and case studies, which will give the reader confidence in using and adapting specific ways to solve problems involving stochastic processes in finance.

Stochastic Ordinary and Stochastic Partial Differential Equations

Download Stochastic Ordinary and Stochastic Partial Differential Equations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387743170
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stochastic Ordinary and Stochastic Partial Differential Equations by : Peter Kotelenez

Download or read book Stochastic Ordinary and Stochastic Partial Differential Equations written by Peter Kotelenez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-05 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stochastic Partial Differential Equations analyzes mathematical models of time-dependent physical phenomena on microscopic, macroscopic and mesoscopic levels. It provides a rigorous derivation of each level from the preceding one and examines the resulting mesoscopic equations in detail. Coverage first describes the transition from the microscopic equations to the mesoscopic equations. It then covers a general system for the positions of the large particles.

Preconditioning and the Conjugate Gradient Method in the Context of Solving PDEs

Download Preconditioning and the Conjugate Gradient Method in the Context of Solving PDEs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SIAM
ISBN 13 : 161197383X
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (119 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Preconditioning and the Conjugate Gradient Method in the Context of Solving PDEs by : Josef Malek

Download or read book Preconditioning and the Conjugate Gradient Method in the Context of Solving PDEs written by Josef Malek and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preconditioning and the Conjugate Gradient Method in the Context of Solving PDEs?is about the interplay between modeling, analysis, discretization, matrix computation, and model reduction. The authors link PDE analysis, functional analysis, and calculus of variations with matrix iterative computation using Krylov subspace methods and address the challenges that arise during formulation of the mathematical model through to efficient numerical solution of the algebraic problem. The book?s central concept, preconditioning of the conjugate gradient method, is traditionally developed algebraically using the preconditioned finite-dimensional algebraic system. In this text, however, preconditioning is connected to the PDE analysis, and the infinite-dimensional formulation of the conjugate gradient method and its discretization and preconditioning are linked together. This text challenges commonly held views, addresses widespread misunderstandings, and formulates thought-provoking open questions for further research.?

Partial Differential Equations in Action

Download Partial Differential Equations in Action PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319150936
Total Pages : 714 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Partial Differential Equations in Action by : Sandro Salsa

Download or read book Partial Differential Equations in Action written by Sandro Salsa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is intended as an advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate course for students from various disciplines, including applied mathematics, physics and engineering. It has evolved from courses offered on partial differential equations (PDEs) over the last several years at the Politecnico di Milano. These courses had a twofold purpose: on the one hand, to teach students to appreciate the interplay between theory and modeling in problems arising in the applied sciences, and on the other to provide them with a solid theoretical background in numerical methods, such as finite elements. Accordingly, this textbook is divided into two parts. The first part, chapters 2 to 5, is more elementary in nature and focuses on developing and studying basic problems from the macro-areas of diffusion, propagation and transport, waves and vibrations. In turn the second part, chapters 6 to 11, concentrates on the development of Hilbert spaces methods for the variational formulation and the analysis of (mainly) linear boundary and initial-boundary value problems.