Estimation Of Mortality Rates In Stage Structured Population

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Estimation of Mortality Rates in Stage-Structured Population

Author : Simon N. Wood
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642499791
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Estimation of Mortality Rates in Stage-Structured Population by : Simon N. Wood

Download or read book Estimation of Mortality Rates in Stage-Structured Population written by Simon N. Wood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stated aims of the Lecture Notes in Biomathematics allow for work that is "unfinished or tentative". This volume is offered in that spirit. The problem addressed is one of the classics of statistical ecology, the estimation of mortality rates from stage-frequency data, but in tackling it we found ourselves making use of ideas and techniques very different from those we expected to use, and in which we had no previous experience. Specifically we drifted towards consideration of some rather specific curve and surface fitting and smoothing techniques. We think we have made some progress (otherwise why publish?), but are acutely aware of the conceptual and statistical clumsiness of parts of the work. Readers with sufficient expertise to be offended should regard the monograph as a challenge to do better. The central theme in this book is a somewhat complex algorithm for mortality estimation (detailed at the end of Chapter 4). Because of its complexity, the job of implementing the method is intimidating. Any reader interested in using the methods may obtain copies of our code as follows: Intelligible Structured Code 1. Hutchinson and deHoog's algorithm for fitting smoothing splines by cross validation 2. Cubic covariant area-approximating splines 3. Cubic interpolating splines 4. Cubic area matching splines 5. Hyman's algorithm for monotonic interpolation based on cubic splines. Prototype User-Hostile Code 6. Positive constrained interpolation 7. Positive constrained area matching 8. The "full method" from chapter 4 9. The "simpler" method from chapter 4.

Stage-Structured Populations

Author : Bryan Manly
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400908431
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Stage-Structured Populations by : Bryan Manly

Download or read book Stage-Structured Populations written by Bryan Manly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of methods for obtaining and analysing data from stage-structured biological populations. The topics covered are sam pling designs (Chapter 2), the estimation of parameters by maximum likelihood (Chapter 3), the analysis of sample counts of the numbers cif individuals in different stages at different times (Chapters 4 and 5), the analysis of data using Leslie matrix types of model (Chapter 6) and key factor analysis (Chapter 7). There is also some discussion of the approaches to modelling and estimation that have been used in five studies of particular populations (Chapter 8). There is a large literature on the modelling of biological populations, and a multitude of different approaches have been used in this area. The various approaches can be classified in different ways (Southwood, 1978, ch. 12), but for the purposes of this book it is convenient to think of the three categories mathematical, statistical and predictive modelling. Mathematical modelling is concerned largely with developing models that capture the most important qualitative features of population dynamics. In this case, the models that are developed do not have to be compared with data from natural populations. As representations of idealized systems, they can be quite informative in showing the effects of changing parameters, indicating what factors are most important in promoting stability, and so on.

Structured-Population Models in Marine, Terrestrial, and Freshwater Systems

Author : Shripad Tuljapurkar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461559731
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Structured-Population Models in Marine, Terrestrial, and Freshwater Systems by : Shripad Tuljapurkar

Download or read book Structured-Population Models in Marine, Terrestrial, and Freshwater Systems written by Shripad Tuljapurkar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 1993, twenty-six graduate and postdoctoral stu dents and fourteen lecturers converged on Cornell University for a summer school devoted to structured-population models. This school was one of a series to address concepts cutting across the traditional boundaries separating terrestrial, marine, and freshwa ter ecology. Earlier schools resulted in the books Patch Dynamics (S. A. Levin, T. M. Powell & J. H. Steele, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993) and Ecological Time Series (T. M. Powell & J. H. Steele, eds., Chapman and Hall, New York, 1995); a book on food webs is in preparation. Models of population structure (differences among individuals due to age, size, developmental stage, spatial location, or genotype) have an important place in studies of all three kinds of ecosystem. In choosing the participants and lecturers for the school, we se lected for diversity-biologists who knew some mathematics and mathematicians who knew some biology, field biologists sobered by encounters with messy data and theoreticians intoxicated by the elegance of the underlying mathematics, people concerned with long-term evolutionary problems and people concerned with the acute crises of conservation biology. For four weeks, these perspec tives swirled in discussions that started in the lecture hall and carried on into the sweltering Ithaca night. Diversity mayor may not increase stability, but it surely makes things interesting.

Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264944
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program by : National Research Council

Download or read book Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward reviews the science that underpins the Bureau of Land Management's oversight of free-ranging horses and burros on federal public lands in the western United States, concluding that constructive changes could be implemented. The Wild Horse and Burro Program has not used scientifically rigorous methods to estimate the population sizes of horses and burros, to model the effects of management actions on the animals, or to assess the availability and use of forage on rangelands. Evidence suggests that horse populations are growing by 15 to 20 percent each year, a level that is unsustainable for maintaining healthy horse populations as well as healthy ecosystems. Promising fertility-control methods are available to help limit this population growth, however. In addition, science-based methods exist for improving population estimates, predicting the effects of management practices in order to maintain genetically diverse, healthy populations, and estimating the productivity of rangelands. Greater transparency in how science-based methods are used to inform management decisions may help increase public confidence in the Wild Horse and Burro Program.

Sensitivity Analysis: Matrix Methods in Demography and Ecology

Author : Hal Caswell
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030105342
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Sensitivity Analysis: Matrix Methods in Demography and Ecology by : Hal Caswell

Download or read book Sensitivity Analysis: Matrix Methods in Demography and Ecology written by Hal Caswell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book shows how to use sensitivity analysis in demography. It presents new methods for individuals, cohorts, and populations, with applications to humans, other animals, and plants. The analyses are based on matrix formulations of age-classified, stage-classified, and multistate population models. Methods are presented for linear and nonlinear, deterministic and stochastic, and time-invariant and time-varying cases. Readers will discover results on the sensitivity of statistics of longevity, life disparity, occupancy times, the net reproductive rate, and statistics of Markov chain models in demography. They will also see applications of sensitivity analysis to population growth rates, stable population structures, reproductive value, equilibria under immigration and nonlinearity, and population cycles. Individual stochasticity is a theme throughout, with a focus that goes beyond expected values to include variances in demographic outcomes. The calculations are easily and accurately implemented in matrix-oriented programming languages such as Matlab or R. Sensitivity analysis will help readers create models to predict the effect of future changes, to evaluate policy effects, and to identify possible evolutionary responses to the environment. Complete with many examples of the application, the book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in human demography and population biology. The material will also appeal to those in mathematical biology and applied mathematics.

Marine Ecosystems and Global Change

Author : John G. Field
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199558027
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Ecosystems and Global Change by : John G. Field

Download or read book Marine Ecosystems and Global Change written by John G. Field and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2010-02-11 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global changes, including climate change and intensive fishing, are having significant impacts on the world's oceans. This book advances knowledge of the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems and their major sub-systems, and how they respond to physical forcing.

Sea Urchins

Author : John M. Lawrence
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123972132
Total Pages : 559 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Sea Urchins by : John M. Lawrence

Download or read book Sea Urchins written by John M. Lawrence and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised and expanded edition of Sea Urchins provides a wide-ranging understanding of the biology and ecology of this key component of the world's oceans. Coverage includes reproduction, metabolism, endocrinology, larval ecology, growth, digestion, carotenoids, disease and nutrition. Other chapters consider the ecology of individual species that are of major importance ecologically and economically, including species from Japan, New Zealand, Australia, Europe, North America, South America and Africa. In addition, six new contributions in areas such as immunology, digestive systems and community ecology inform readers on key recent developments and insights from the literature.Sea urchins are ecologically important and often greatly affect marine communities. Because they have an excellent fossil record, they are also of interest to paleontologists. Research on sea urchins has increased in recent years, stimulated first by recognition of their ecological importance and subsequently their economic importance. Scientists around the world are actively investigating their potential for aquaculture and fisheries, and their value as model systems for investigations in developmental biology continues to increase. Continues the series "Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science" with a newly revised volume Collects and synthesizes the state of knowledge of sea urchin biology and ecology Expanded from previous edition to include non-edible species, providing the needed basis for broader evolutionary understanding of sea urchins

Estimation and Analysis of Insect Populations

Author : Lyman L. McDonald
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461236649
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Estimation and Analysis of Insect Populations by : Lyman L. McDonald

Download or read book Estimation and Analysis of Insect Populations written by Lyman L. McDonald and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this volume were presented at a symposium/workshop on "The Estimation and Analysis of Insect Populations" that was held at the University of Wyoming, Laramie, in January, 1988. The meeting was organized with financial support from the United States - New Zealand Cooperative Science Program and the University of Wyoming. The purpose was to bring together approximately equal numbers of quantitative biologists and biometricians in order to (1) provide a synthesis and evaluation of currently available methods for modeling and estimating parameters of insect population, and to (2) stimulate research into new methods where this is appropriate. The symposium/workshop attracted 46 participants. There were 35 papers presented in four subject areas: analysis of stage-frequency data, modeling of population dynamiCS, analysis of spatial data, and general sampling and estimation methods. New results were presented in all these areas. All except one of the papers is included in the present volume.

The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations

Author : Johan A. Metz
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662131595
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations by : Johan A. Metz

Download or read book The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations written by Johan A. Metz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Southwood's Ecological Methods

Author : Peter A. Henderson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019886227X
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Southwood's Ecological Methods by : Peter A. Henderson

Download or read book Southwood's Ecological Methods written by Peter A. Henderson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological Methods by the late T.R. E. Southwood and revised over the years by P. A. Henderson has developed into a classic reference work for the field biologist. It provides a handbook of ecological methods and analytical techniques pertinent to the study of animals, with an emphasis on non-microscopic animals in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. It remains unique in the breadth of the methods presented and in the depth of the literature cited, stretching right back to the earliest days of ecological research. The universal availability of R as an open source package has radically changed the way ecologists analyse their data. In response, Southwood's classic text has been thoroughly revised to be more relevant and useful to a new generation of ecologists, making the vast resource of R packages more readily available to the wider ecological community. By focusing on the use of R for data analysis, supported by worked examples, the book is now more accessible than previous editions to students requiring support and ideas for their projects. Southwood's Ecological Methods provides a crucial resource for both graduate students and research scientists in applied ecology, wildlife ecology, fisheries, agriculture, conservation biology, and habitat ecology. It will also be useful to the many professional ecologists, wildlife biologists, conservation biologists and practitioners requiring an authoritative overview of ecological methodology.

ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual

Author : Roger Harris
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080495338
Total Pages : 707 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual by : Roger Harris

Download or read book ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual written by Roger Harris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-02-14 with total page 707 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term "zooplankton" describes the community of floating, often microscopic, animals that inhabit aquatic environments. Being near the base of the food chain, they serve as food for larger animals, such as fish. The ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) Zooplankton Methodology Manual provides comprehensive coverage of modern techniques in zooplankton ecology written by a group of international experts. Chapters include sampling, acoustic and optical methods, estimation of feeding, growth, reproduction and metabolism, and up-to-date treatment of population genetics and modeling. This book will be a key reference work for marine scientists throughout the world. Sampling and experimental design Collecting zooplankton Techniques for assessing biomass and abundance Protozooplankton enumeration and biomass estimation New optical and acoustic techniques for estimating zooplankton biomass and abundance Methods for measuring zooplankton feeding, growth, reproduction and metabolism Population genetic analysis of zooplankton Modelling zooplankton dynamics This unique and comprehensive reference work will be essential reading for marine and freshwater research scientists and graduates entering the field.

Ecological Methods

Author : Peter A. Henderson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118895258
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological Methods by : Peter A. Henderson

Download or read book Ecological Methods written by Peter A. Henderson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 4th edition of this classic Ecology text Computational methods have largely been replaced by descriptions of the available software Includes procedure information for R software and other freely available software systems Now includes web references for equipment, software and detailed methodologies

Case Studies in Population Biology

Author : Laurence Martin Cook
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780719017407
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Case Studies in Population Biology by : Laurence Martin Cook

Download or read book Case Studies in Population Biology written by Laurence Martin Cook and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Population and Community Ecology for Insect Management and Conservation

Author : J. Baumgartner
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000657930
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Population and Community Ecology for Insect Management and Conservation by : J. Baumgartner

Download or read book Population and Community Ecology for Insect Management and Conservation written by J. Baumgartner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the themes of the 20th International Congress of Entomology held in Florence in August 1996 was Ecology and Population Dynamics, with papers presented on single species dynamics, population interactions, and community ecology. This book contains a selection of the papers that were presented, and gives a late-1990s picture of the latest research in this fast developing area.

Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives

Author : Jeffrey C. Carrier
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439839263
Total Pages : 636 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives by : Jeffrey C. Carrier

Download or read book Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives written by Jeffrey C. Carrier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-09 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virtually every area of research associated with sharks and their relatives has been strongly impacted by the revolutionary growth in technology. The questions we can now ask are very different than those reported even two decades ago. Modern immunological and genetic techniques, satellite telemetry and archival tagging, modern phylogenetic analysi

Stage-structured Demography in Stochastic Environments

Author : Raziel Joseph Davison
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Stage-structured Demography in Stochastic Environments by : Raziel Joseph Davison

Download or read book Stage-structured Demography in Stochastic Environments written by Raziel Joseph Davison and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Populations living in natural environments experience fluctuations in environmental conditions that drive variability in demographic rates. This dissertation develops new and existing mathematical methods for studying environmental stochasticity and uses these tools to investigate the role of environmental stochasticity in driving observed population dynamics and plant life history evolution. In the first two chapters I develop new approaches to a classic method in population biology, the life table response experiment (LTRE). Whereas existing methods used time-averaged demographic rates and deterministic sensitivities to decompose observed differences in population growth rates, this new method allows estimation of the contributions to those differences made by variances in demographic rates as well as by mean rate values. I use this stochastic LTRE to show how differential variability in the vital rates of Anthyllis vulneraria (kidney vetch) contribute to differences in the population growth rates of nine populations growing in southwest Belgium; we also show how the effects of demographic rate variability depend on soil depth, where the greater moisture retention of deeper soils buffers populations against the otherwise negative effects of demographic variability. The second chapter provides a different approach to LTRE that uses an iterated two-factor decomposition of the small noise approximation of the stochastic population growth rate to quantify contributions to that growth rate made by: (i) mean vital rates, (ii) temporal variability in vital rates, (iii) elasticities of the population growth rate to individual vital rates, and (iv) correlations between vital rates across the study period. Contributions of elasticities tell us about differences in local selection pressures acting on distinct populations and contributions of correlations tell us about differences in the phenotypic tradeoffs associated with vital rates. I use this new method to show how these differences drive dynamics in two species: Anthyllis vulneraria (the same populations studied in the first chapter) and Cypripedium calceolus (lady's slipper orchid). In Anthyllis vulneraria, variability in large adult fertility and seedling survival made the largest contributions; there were also effects of differences in elasticities of large adult fertility and survival, as well as differences in the correlations between rapid growth and survival in seedlings (a survival cost of rapid early development), between large adult fertility and survival (a survival cost of reproduction) and between large adult fertility and seedling survival. In Cypripedium calceolus, population growth rates were driven most by differences in the elasticities to the probabilities of adult stasis vs. entering dormancy, as well as by differences in the variability and tradeoffs associated with adult dormancy; correlation played a role through differences in the survival payoff of dormancy vs. the complimentary fertility cost of dormancy in terms of lost opportunity for reproduction. The third and final chapter investigates the role of fire disturbance in driving the life histories and population-level dynamics of five woody plant species growing in the Brazilian cerrado, a savannah-forest mosaic in which woody vegetation cover is primarily mediated by fire disturbance. This study presents a set of diagnostics that use demographic responses to recurring disturbance to categorize species along a continuum of adaptation: on one end we find 'resistant' species that must weather disturbance in order to attain large sizes that are buffered against fire-induced mortality; on the other end we find 'resilient' species that are relatively indifferent to disturbance and harness transient opportunities afforded by early post-fire successional habitats in order to take advantage of increased nutrient availability and reduced competition. Each of these chapters uses stochastic demographic analysis to extend theory describing the dynamics of populations in variable environments; together, these studies present a variegated perspective on the role of environmental stochasticity that provides new methods and novel perspectives that should be useful in the study of population biology and life history evolution.

The Princeton Guide to Ecology

Author : Simon A. Levin
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691156042
Total Pages : 826 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Princeton Guide to Ecology by : Simon A. Levin

Download or read book The Princeton Guide to Ecology written by Simon A. Levin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-30 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Princeton Guide to Ecology is a concise, authoritative one-volume reference to the field's major subjects and key concepts. Edited by eminent ecologist Simon Levin, with contributions from an international team of leading ecologists, the book contains more than ninety clear, accurate, and up-to-date articles on the most important topics within seven major areas: autecology, population ecology, communities and ecosystems, landscapes and the biosphere, conservation biology, ecosystem services, and biosphere management. Complete with more than 200 illustrations (including sixteen pages in color), a glossary of key terms, a chronology of milestones in the field, suggestions for further reading on each topic, and an index, this is an essential volume for undergraduate and graduate students, research ecologists, scientists in related fields, policymakers, and anyone else with a serious interest in ecology. Explains key topics in one concise and authoritative volume Features more than ninety articles written by an international team of leading ecologists Contains more than 200 illustrations, including sixteen pages in color Includes glossary, chronology, suggestions for further reading, and index Covers autecology, population ecology, communities and ecosystems, landscapes and the biosphere, conservation biology, ecosystem services, and biosphere management