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Estimation Of Climate Change Effects On Streamflows Stream Temperatures And Fish Thermal Habitat
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Book Synopsis Estimation of Climate Change Effects on Streamflows, Stream Temperatures and Fish Thermal Habitat by : Omid Mohseni
Download or read book Estimation of Climate Change Effects on Streamflows, Stream Temperatures and Fish Thermal Habitat written by Omid Mohseni and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Climate Warming on Fish Thermal Habitat in Streams of the United States by : John G. Eaton
Download or read book Effects of Climate Warming on Fish Thermal Habitat in Streams of the United States written by John G. Eaton and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Engineered Thermal Refuge in Streams as a Climate Warming Mitigation Strategy for Fish Populations Experiencing Thermal Stress by : Rebekah Thielman
Download or read book Evaluation of Engineered Thermal Refuge in Streams as a Climate Warming Mitigation Strategy for Fish Populations Experiencing Thermal Stress written by Rebekah Thielman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising summer stream temperatures threaten the habitat of cold-water fishes globally. Streams with cold groundwater seeps can provide thermal refuge, however natural groundwater discharge is often patchy throughout watersheds, impacting habitat connectivity. This research was undertaken to evaluate the potential to engineer (active pumping) thermal refuge that mimic cold groundwater seeps under a range of natural streamflow conditions and varying cold-water injection rates. Natural groundwater averaging 10 °C was pumped into the river channel behind a removable baffle, used to inhibit mixing and dispersal of the groundwater plume. A fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing cable was deployed above the streambed, downstream of the injection point. Visible light and thermal infrared images were collected of the water surface. The goal of this research was to collect data at high, medium, and low natural stream discharges in the Fenton River near the University of Connecticut in Storrs, CT, USA, as well as test high, medium, and low injection rates relative to typical monitoring well pump rates. The range of cold anomalies monitored by the FO-DTS cable indicated a -0.09 °C temperature drop between the surface water and minimum temperature in the cold-water plume at high flow stream discharge, -0.31°C temperature change for medium discharge, and a -1.1°C temperature decrease for low stream flow discharge. The three varied rate pumping tests indicated that an increase in pumping rate creates a slightly cooler plume, but does not make a substantially large difference at an overall stream discharge rate of 0.42 m3/s at the Fenton River.
Book Synopsis Regulated Streamflow and Warmwater Stream Fish by : Mark B. Bain
Download or read book Regulated Streamflow and Warmwater Stream Fish written by Mark B. Bain and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Riverine Ecosystem Management by : Stefan Schmutz
Download or read book Riverine Ecosystem Management written by Stefan Schmutz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book surveys the frontier of scientific river research and provides examples to guide management towards a sustainable future of riverine ecosystems. Principal structures and functions of the biogeosphere of rivers are explained; key threats are identified, and effective solutions for restoration and mitigation are provided. Rivers are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world. They increasingly suffer from pollution, water abstraction, river channelisation and damming. Fundamental knowledge of ecosystem structure and function is necessary to understand how human acitivities interfere with natural processes and which interventions are feasible to rectify this. Modern water legislation strives for sustainable water resource management and protection of important habitats and species. However, decision makers would benefit from more profound understanding of ecosystem degradation processes and of innovative methodologies and tools for efficient mitigation and restoration. The book provides best-practice examples of sustainable river management from on-site studies, European-wide analyses and case studies from other parts of the world. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of aquatic ecology, river system functioning, conservation and restoration, to postgraduate students, to institutions involved in water management, and to water related industries.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Climate Change and Restoration on Stream Temperature by : Mousa Diabat
Download or read book The Influence of Climate Change and Restoration on Stream Temperature written by Mousa Diabat and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water temperature is an essential property of a stream. Temperature regulates physical and biochemical processes in aquatic habitats. Various factors related to climatic conditions, landscape characteristics, and channel structure directly influence stream temperature. Numerous studies indicate that increased average air temperature during the past century has led to stream warming across the world. The trend of stream warming was also present in spring-fed watersheds, where summer flow has decreased. In addition, anthropogenic practices that alter the natural landscape and channel structure, such as forest management, agriculture, and mining contributed to stream warming. For example, deforested and unshaded stream reaches or dredged channels were warmer than shaded reaches and meandering streams. Stream temperatures in North American lotic habitats are of a specific concern due to their significant economic, cultural, and ecological value. With climate projections indicating that air temperature will only continue to rise throughout the 21st century, cold- or cool-water organisms, especially fishes, will be affected. Therefore, there is a strong need to better understand the impacts of changing climate, riparian landscape, and channel structure on a stream's heat budget. This may assist in restoring the historic thermal regime in impacted sites and mitigating the impacts of future climate change. This study looks into the relative influences of the different factors on a stream's heat budget with three manuscripts: one on stream temperature response to diel timing of air warming, one on stream temperature response to changes in air temperature, flow, and riparian vegetation, and one on stream temperature response to air warming and channel reconstruction. I used the software Heat Source version 8.05 to simulate stream temperature for all three analyses along the Middle Fork John Day River, Oregon USA. Two of the manuscripts were applied to an upper 37 km section of the Middle Fork John Day River (presented in chapter 2 and 3), where the third manuscript was applied to a 1.5-km section. The sensitivity analysis of stream temperature response to diel timing of air warming (Chapter 2: Diel Timing of Warmer Air under Climate Change Affects Magnitude, Timing, and Duration of Stream Temperature Change) was based on scenarios representing uniform air warming over the diel period, daytime warming, and nighttime warming. Uniform warming of air temperature is a simple representation of increases in the average daily or monthly temperatures generated by the 'delta method'. The delta method relies on adding a constant value to the air temperature time-series data. This constant value is the difference (delta) between base case average air temperatures and the projected one. Scenarios of daytime or nighttime warming represent conditions under which most of the warming of the air occurs during the daytime or the nighttime, respectively. I simulated the stream temperature response to warmer air conditions of +2 °C and +4 °C in daily average for all three cases of air warming conditions. The three cases of different diel distributions of air warming generated 7-day average daily maximum stream temperature (7DADM) increases of approximately +1.8 °C ± 0.1 °C at the downstream end of the study section relative to the base case. In most parts of the reach, the three distributions of air warming generated different ranges of stream temperatures, different 7DADM values, different durations of stream temperature changes, and different average daily temperatures. Changes of stream temperature were out of phase with imposed changes of air temperature. Therefore, nighttime warming of air temperatures would cause the greatest increase in maximum daily stream temperature, which typically occurs during the daytime. The sensitivity analysis of the relative influences of changes in air temperature, stream flow, and riparian vegetation on stream temperature (Chapter 3: Assessing Stream Temperature Response to Cumulative Influence of Changing Air Temperature, Flow, and Riparian Vegetation). This study summarized stream temperature simulation in 36 scenarios representing possible manifestations of 21st century climate conditions and land management strategies. In addition to existing conditions (base case) of flow, air temperature, and riparian vegetation, scenarios consisted of: two air temperature increases of 2 °C and 4 °C, two stream flow variations of +30% and -30%, three spatially uniform riparian vegetation conditions that create averages of effective shade 7%, 34%, and 79%, in addition to 14% for base case conditions. Results suggest that variation in riparian vegetation was the dominant factor influencing stream temperature because it regulates incoming shortwave radiation, the largest heat input to the stream, while variation in stream flow has a negligible influence. Results indicated that increasing the effective shade along the study section, particularly in the currently unshaded sections, could mitigate the influence of increasing air temperature, and would reduce stream temperature maxima below current values even under future climate conditions of warmer air. With the small influence it had, increasing stream flow reduced the 7DADM under low shade conditions. However, increasing stream flow showed counterintuitive results as it contributed to increasing stream temperature maxima when the stream was heavily shaded. The applied study examined the stream temperature response to restoration practices and their potential to mitigate the influence of warmer air conditions (Chapter 4: Estimating Stream Temperature Response to Restoring Channel and Riparian Vegetation and the Potential to Mitigate Warmer Air Conditions). This study focused on a 1.5 km section along the upper part of the Middle Fork John Day River that was modified due to past anthropogenic activities of mining for gold and timber harvest. Currently, the riparian vegetation of the study site is mostly shrubs and stands of short trees. Restoration designs call for the restoration of both the channel structure and replanting the riparian vegetation. Simulation results showed that the 7DADM was higher in the restored channel than the existing channel with both conditions of low and high effective shade conditions. However, a combined restoration practice of channel reconstruction and medium effective shade conditions reduced stream temperature maxima more than restoring riparian vegetation alone. In addition, results showed that restoring riparian vegetation was sufficient to mitigate the influence of warmer air on stream temperature, while restoring the channel alone is not. Heat budget analysis showed that heat accumulation during the daytime increased in the restored channel, which was longer, narrower, and deeper than the existing channel. It is important to emphasize that stream temperature is one of many goals that restoration activities aim to improve. Furthermore, differences in 7DADM among the different scenarios of restoration are negligible. Such small differences could hardly be measure. While this study examined a short section of 1.5 km, longer stream sections may increase the differences in 7DADM. Primary conclusions of this study are: 1) daily maxima of stream temperature will increase in response to increased air temperature regardless of the distribution of air warming during the diel cycle; 2) nighttime air warming caused a greater increase in stream temperature maximum than daytime warming; 3) riparian vegetation was the dominant factor on stream's heat budget, more than air temperature or stream flow; 4) restoring riparian vegetation mitigated the influence of warmer air; 5) restoring channel structure alone was not sufficient to lower temperature maxima; and 6) restoration project was most successful in improving degraded stream temperature when combined with channel reconstruction and improved riparian shade.
Book Synopsis Methods in Stream Ecology by : F. Richard Hauer
Download or read book Methods in Stream Ecology written by F. Richard Hauer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-01-16 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Stream Ecology provides a complete series of field and laboratory protocols in stream ecology that are ideal for teaching or conducting research. This two part new edition is updated to reflect recent advances in the technology associated with ecological assessment of streams, including remote sensing. Volume focusses on ecosystem structure with in-depth sections on Physical Processes, Material Storage and Transport and Stream Biota. With a student-friendly price, this Third Edition is key for all students and researchers in stream and freshwater ecology, freshwater biology, marine ecology, and river ecology. This text is also supportive as a supplementary text for courses in watershed ecology/science, hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and landscape ecology. Methods in Stream Ecology, 3rd Edition, Volume 2: Ecosystem Structure, is also available now! - Provides a variety of exercises in each chapter - Includes detailed instructions, illustrations, formulae, and data sheets for in-field research for students - Presents taxonomic keys to common stream invertebrates and algae - Includes website with tables and a link from Chapter 22: FISH COMMUNITY COMPOSITION to an interactive program for assessing and modeling fish numbers - Written by leading experts in stream ecology
Book Synopsis Estimation of Stream Temperature in Support of Fish Production Modeling Under Future Climates in the Klamath River Basin by : Lorraine E Flint
Download or read book Estimation of Stream Temperature in Support of Fish Production Modeling Under Future Climates in the Klamath River Basin written by Lorraine E Flint and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream temperature estimates under future climatic - ing for evaluation of effects of dam removal in the Klamath River Basin. To allow for the persistence of the Klamath River 2012 will review potential changes in water quality and stream temperature to assess alternative scenarios, including damusing a regression model approach with simulated net solar temperature, and mean daily air temperature. Models were calibrated for 6 streams in the Lower, and 18 streams in the Upper, Klamath Basin by using measured stream temperatures for 1999–2008. The standard error of the y-estimate for the estimation of stream temperature for the 24 streams ranged from 0.36 to 1.64 degrees Celsius (°C), with an average error of 1.12°C for all streams. The regression models were then used with projected air temperatures to estimate future stream temperatures for 2010–99. Although the mean change from the baseline historical period of 1950–99 to the projected future period of 2070–99 is only 1.2°C, it ranges from 3.4°C for the Shasta River to no change for Fall Creek and Trout Creek. Variability is also evident in the future with a mean change in temperature for all streams from the baseline period to the projected period of 2070–99 of only 1°C, while the range in stream temperature change is from 0 to 2.1°C. The baseline period, 1950–99, to which the air temperature projections were corrected, established the starting point for the projected changes in air temperature. The average measured daily air temperature for the calibration period 1999–2008, however, was found to be as much as 2.3°C higher than baseline for some rivers, indicating that warming conditions have already occurred in many areas of the Klamath River Basin, and that the stream temperature projections for the 21st century could be underestimating the actual change.
Book Synopsis Development of a Simplified Approach for Assessing the Effects of Water Release Temperatures on Tailwater Habitat Downstream of Fort Peck, Garrison, and Fort Randall Dams by : John M. Nestler
Download or read book Development of a Simplified Approach for Assessing the Effects of Water Release Temperatures on Tailwater Habitat Downstream of Fort Peck, Garrison, and Fort Randall Dams written by John M. Nestler and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased water resources demand in the main stem Missouri River regulated by Corps of Engineers dams has intensified the conflict between the economic benefits of stream regulation and the need to protect natural river ecosystems. Credible predictive tools that can be quickly and easily applied are required to explore and screen alternative reservoir operating plans to determine the downstream water temperature effects on tailwaters supporting temperature-sensitive fishes. The screening model was developed in a two-step process. First, a one-dimensional, longitudinal, riverine model, CE-QUAL-RIV1, was used to predict the downstream water temperature in the 52-mile tailwater of Fort Randall Dam, the 70-mile tailwater of Garrison Dam, and the 186-mile tailwater of Fort Peck Dam on the Missouri River. The power of the comprehensive water-quality model was required to predict the complex downstream water temperature patterns resulting from variable year-to-year stratification, complex peaking hydropower release patterns, and variable meteorologic conditions. Downstream water temperatures were simulated for 108 scenarios for each tailwater, covering the expected range of boundary conditions. Second, the output from the 108 scenarios for each tailwater was statistically evaluated to identify major trends and patterns in the results. CE-QUAL-RIV1, Garrison Dam, Water temperature, Fort Randall Dam, Missouri River, Fort Peck Dam, Tailwaters.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251306079 Total Pages :654 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-01-06 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report indicates that climate change will significantly affect the availability and trade of fish products, especially for those countries most dependent on the sector, and calls for effective adaptation and mitigation actions encompassing food production.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on Streamflow and Stream Temperature in the South Fork of the Stillaguamish River by : Katherine Mary Clarke
Download or read book Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on Streamflow and Stream Temperature in the South Fork of the Stillaguamish River written by Katherine Mary Clarke and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Stillaguamish River in northwest Washington State is an important regional water resource for local agriculture, industry, and First Nations tribes and a critical habitat for several threatened and endangered salmonid species, including the Chinook salmon. The river is currently subject to a temperature total maximum daily load, so it is important to understand how projected climate change will affect future stream temperatures and thus salmon populations. Snowpack is the main contributor to spring and summer streamflow and helps to mitigate stream temperatures as air temperatures rise through the summer in the South Fork of the Stillaguamish River. I used gridded historical meteorological data to calibrate the physically-based Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model and River Basin Model and then applied downscaled, gridded projected climate data to predict how a changing climate will influence hydrology and stream temperature in the South Fork basin through the end of the 21st century.
Book Synopsis Deterministic Modeling of Stream Water Temperatures by : Bashar A. Sinokrot
Download or read book Deterministic Modeling of Stream Water Temperatures written by Bashar A. Sinokrot and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pacific Salmon Life Histories by : Cornelis Groot
Download or read book Pacific Salmon Life Histories written by Cornelis Groot and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific salmon are an important biological and economic resource of countries of the North Pacific rim. They are also a unique group of fish possessing unusually complex life histories. There are seven species of Pacific salmon, five occurring on both the North American and Asian continents (sockeye, pink, chum, chinook, and coho) and two (masu and amago) only in Asia. The life cycle of the Pacific salmon begins in the autumn when the adult female deposits eggs that are fertilized in gravel beds in rivers or lakes. The young emerge from the gravel the following spring and will either migrate immediately to salt water or spend one or more years in a river or lake before migrating. Migrations in the ocean are extensive during the feeding and growing phase, covering thousands of kilometres. After one or more years the maturing adults find their way back to their home river, returning to their ancestral breeding grounds to spawn. They die after spawning and the eggs in the gravel signify a new cycle. Upon this theme Pacific salmon have developed many variations, both between as well as within species. Pacific Salmon Life Histories provides detailed descriptions of the different life phases through which each of the seven species passes. Each chapter is written by a scientist who has spent years studying and observing a particular species of salmon. Some of the topics covered are geographic distribution, transplants, freshwater life, ocean life, development, growth, feeding, diet, migration, and spawning behaviour. The text is richly supplemented by numerous maps, illustrations, colour plates, and tables and there is a detailed general index, as well as a useful geographical index.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Effects of Altered Stream Flow Characteristics on Fish and Wildlife by :
Download or read book Assessment of Effects of Altered Stream Flow Characteristics on Fish and Wildlife written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change Impacts on Freshwater Ecosystems by : Martin Kernan
Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on Freshwater Ecosystems written by Martin Kernan and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2010-09-27 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines the impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems, past, present and future. It especially considers the interactions between climate change and other drivers of change including hydromorphological modification, nutrient loading, acid deposition and contamination by toxic substances using evidence from palaeolimnology, time-series analysis, space-for-time substitution, laboratory and field experiments and process modelling. The book evaluates these processes in relation to extreme events, seasonal changes in ecosystems, trends over decadal-scale time periods, mitigation strategies and ecosystem recovery. The book is also concerned with how aspects of hydrophysical, hydrochemical and ecological change can be used as early indicators of climate change in aquatic ecosystems and it addresses the implications of future climate change for freshwater ecosystem management at the catchment scale. This is an ideal book for the scientific research community, but is also accessible to Masters and senior undergraduate students.
Book Synopsis Integrated Soil and Water Management: Selected Papers from 2016 International SWAT Conference by : Karim Abbaspour
Download or read book Integrated Soil and Water Management: Selected Papers from 2016 International SWAT Conference written by Karim Abbaspour and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Integrated Soil and Water Management: Selected Papers from 2016 International SWAT Conference" that was published in Water
Book Synopsis Towards a High Resolution Global Stream Temperature Model by : Joseph Ariwi
Download or read book Towards a High Resolution Global Stream Temperature Model written by Joseph Ariwi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Water temperature is a key component in freshwater aquatic environments, acting as a driver of habitat processes and a trigger of life cycle events for riverine invertebrate and vertebrate species. Habitat suitability for fish species can be defined by maximum and minimum temperature tolerances and both habitat-forming processes and migratory behaviors are a function of localized thermal regimes. The salience of thermal regimes on river ecology is of particular importance given the increased alteration of riverscapes through the construction of impoundments, as well as the abstraction and deposition of large volumes of water in industrial and agricultural practices that alter thermal regimes. Thermal regimes have also been shown to be impacted by global climate change. River temperature data is available at a high resolution through the use of remote sensing along individual river reaches or from onsite measurements at river gauging stations. There is, however, a lack of high resolution river temperature data at the global scale of a consistent quality that captures the full spatiotemporal temperature variation in every river reach. Using two main estimation approaches - a local technique and a physically based river network mixing technique - four temperature estimation models are developed. The four models were developed using global data for global application, but were only applied within the contiguous United States of America. The results present the spatiotemporal patterns of simulated long-term mean monthly river temperatures. The estimates are evaluated using observed data across the contiguous United States of America and the effectiveness of the estimation methods are compared and contrasted. Within the scope of this study, a logistic function with optimized model parameters was found to be the best performing stream temperature estimation model, producing strong validation statistics across different terrestrial biomes. However, the performance of this technique was found to be poor in rivers impacted by anthropogenic flow regulation, glacier or snow melt, and other perturbations. The data produced will be of value in ecological assessments and provides a baseline for global stream temperature data at a high spatial resolution." --
