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Estimates Of Future Inundation Of Salt Marshes In Response To Sea Level Rise In And Around Acadia National Park Maine
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Book Synopsis Estimates of Future Inundation of Salt Marshes in Response to Sea-level Rise in and Around Acadia National Park, Maine by : Martha G. Nielsen
Download or read book Estimates of Future Inundation of Salt Marshes in Response to Sea-level Rise in and Around Acadia National Park, Maine written by Martha G. Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Need for a High-Accuracy, Open-Access Global Digital Elevation Model by : Guy Jean-Pierre Schumann
Download or read book The Need for a High-Accuracy, Open-Access Global Digital Elevation Model written by Guy Jean-Pierre Schumann and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-31 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis Inventory and Protection of Salt Marshes from Risks of Sea-level Rise at Acadia National Park, Maine by : Robert W. Dudley
Download or read book Inventory and Protection of Salt Marshes from Risks of Sea-level Rise at Acadia National Park, Maine written by Robert W. Dudley and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutrient Budgets, Marsh Inundation Under Sea-level Rise Scenarios, and Sediment Chronologies for the Bass Harbor Marsh Estuary at Acadia National Park by : Thomas Gordon Huntington
Download or read book Nutrient Budgets, Marsh Inundation Under Sea-level Rise Scenarios, and Sediment Chronologies for the Bass Harbor Marsh Estuary at Acadia National Park written by Thomas Gordon Huntington and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reconstructing Coastal Forest Retreat and Marsh Migration Response to Historical Sea Level Rise by : Nathalie Schieder
Download or read book Reconstructing Coastal Forest Retreat and Marsh Migration Response to Historical Sea Level Rise written by Nathalie Schieder and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change assessments predict that rates of relative sea level rise will increase in the future, leading to enhanced inundation of low-lying coastal regions and a 20 – 50 % decline in salt marsh area by 2100. Global sea level rise began accelerating in the late 19th to early 20th century, and local rates along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast are twice as fast as global estimates. Frequent flooding and salt stress associated with sea level rise lead to coastal transgression, and the survival of ecosystems depends on their ability to migrate inland faster than they erode and submerge. Here, I compared aerial imagery analyses and field measurements to test the hypothesis that marsh migration into retreating terrestrial forests is fundamentally tied to sea level rise, and that sea level rise does not necessarily lead to overall habitat loss. For my first chapter, I compared the areal salt marsh extent between historical topographic maps and modern aerial imageries across the entire Chesapeake Bay, and found that marsh migration into terrestrial forests largely compensated for marsh erosion at the seaward edge during the last century. This emphasizes that the location of coastal ecosystems changes rapidly on centennial timescales, and that sea level rise does not necessarily lead to overall habitat loss. For my second chapter, I reconstructed the position of coastal treelines through time at five study sites along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast to identify long- and short- term drivers of coastal forest retreat. My findings suggest that 20th century migration rates greatly exceed pre-industrial rates (
Book Synopsis Maine's Salt Marshes by : Michèle Dionne
Download or read book Maine's Salt Marshes written by Michèle Dionne and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an overview of: the ecological, commercial and recreational functions of Maine's salt marshes; six salt marsh plant species; sources of salt marsh degradation; and, suggestions for restoration of tidal flow in salt marshes.
Book Synopsis Decomposer Community Response to Sea Level Rise in a California Salt Marsh by : Ellie Jo Wenger
Download or read book Decomposer Community Response to Sea Level Rise in a California Salt Marsh written by Ellie Jo Wenger and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Salt marshes are highly productive ecosystems which perform many valuable services including carbon sequestration, nutrient transformation, and mitigation of rough waters generated by storms. Coastal salt marshes currently face threats resulting from global climate change, including sea level rise (SLR). Coastal marshes have kept pace with historical SLR through elevation gain via sediment precipitation from tidal waters. In the coming century, sea level is expected to increase 5x-8x faster than the previous century. Since the rate of sedimentation is unlikely to increase with SLR, marshes are in danger of habitat loss via drowning and subsidence. The decomposing organisms in salt marsh sediments are essential to maintaining marsh plant health. The response of decomposing organisms to longer periods of inundation is unclear. To determine how the prokaryote and invertebrate communities may change in response to SLR, mesocosms were designed, which simulated different inundation intensities within the marsh. A gradient developed over the 10-month sampling period in which the most inundated sediments had significantly different communities than the driest sediments. The high inundation treatments were dominated by anaerobic prokaryotes and insect larvae, and sulfate reduction was the predominant decomposition processes. The ambient mesocosms (driest sediments) were dominated by aerobic prokaryotes and oligochaete worms. Aerobic processes such as leaf litter decay became the key decomposition processes in these sediments.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of New England High Salt Marshes by : Scott W. Nixon
Download or read book The Ecology of New England High Salt Marshes written by Scott W. Nixon and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Predictive Scientific Assessment of Future Salt Marsh Transgression Using Slamm, Sleuth, and a Novel Probabilistic Model of Estuarine Shoreline Armoring at the Parcel Scale by : Nicole Elise Peterson
Download or read book Predictive Scientific Assessment of Future Salt Marsh Transgression Using Slamm, Sleuth, and a Novel Probabilistic Model of Estuarine Shoreline Armoring at the Parcel Scale written by Nicole Elise Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salt marshes are an ecosystem particularly affected by sea level rise (SLR), and predicted rates of future SLR pose serious threats to salt marsh sustainability. Urbanization and human responses to SLR also have the potential to threaten salt marsh persistence; in particular, coastal developments and hard armoring can impede the ability of salt marshes to migrate inland. Although a range of models has been developed to predict coastal habitat changes in response to future SLR, trade-offs exist between model complexity, uncertainty, and management utility. This study presents a novel, parsimonious modeling framework for predictive assessment of salt marsh response to SLR at a scale appropriate for application to local and regional planning and decision making by accounting for the effects of current and potential future hard armoring distributions on salt marsh migration. This research advances prior modeling efforts by representing hard armoring distributions at the parcel level scale.
Book Synopsis Salt Marshes by : Duncan M. FitzGerald
Download or read book Salt Marshes written by Duncan M. FitzGerald and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salt marshes are highly dynamic and important ecosystems that dampen impacts of coastal storms and are an integral part of tidal wetland systems, which sequester half of all global marine carbon. They are now being threatened due to sea-level rise, decreased sediment influx, and human encroachment. This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest salt marsh science, investigating their functions and how they are responding to stresses through formation of salt pannes and pools, headward erosion of tidal creeks, marsh-edge erosion, ice-fracturing, and ice-rafted sedimentation. Written by experts in marsh ecology, coastal geomorphology, wetland biology, estuarine hydrodynamics, and coastal sedimentation, it provides a multidisciplinary summary of recent advancements in our knowledge of salt marshes. The future of wetlands and potential deterioration of salt marshes is also considered, providing a go-to reference for graduate students and researchers studying these coastal systems, as well as marsh managers and restoration scientists.
Book Synopsis Wetland Habitats of North America by : Darold P. Batzer
Download or read book Wetland Habitats of North America written by Darold P. Batzer and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2012-05-22 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Wetland Habitats of North America is essential reading for everyone who studies, manages, or visits North American wetlands. It fills an important void in the wetland literature, providing accessible and succinct descriptions of all of the continent’s major wetland types.” Arnold van der Valk, Iowa State University “Batzer and Baldwin have compiled the most comprehensive compendium of North American wetland habitats and their ecology that is presently available—a must for wetland scientists and managers.” Irving A. Mendelssohn, Louisiana State University "If you want to gain a broad understanding of the ecology of North America’s diverse wetlands, Wetland Habitats of North America is the book for you. Darold Batzer and Andrew Baldwin have assembled an impressive group of regional wetland scientists who have produced a virtual encyclopedia to the continent’s wetlands. Reading the book is like a road trip across the Americas with guided tours of major wetland types by local experts. Your first stop will be to coastal wetlands with eight chapters covering tidal wetlands along the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts. Then you’ll travel inland where you can visit any or all of 18 types ranging from bottomland swamps of the Southeast to pothole marshes of the Northern Prairies to montane wetlands of the Rockies to tropical swamps of Central America and desert springs wetlands. All in one book—I’m impressed! Every wetlander should add this book to her or his swampland library. Ralph Tiner, University of Massachusetts–Amherst
Book Synopsis Building Salt Marshes Along the Coasts of the Continental United States by : W. W. Woodhouse
Download or read book Building Salt Marshes Along the Coasts of the Continental United States written by W. W. Woodhouse and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving Projections of Tidal Marsh Persistence Under Climate Change with Remote Sensing and Site-Specific Data by : Kevin John Buffington
Download or read book Improving Projections of Tidal Marsh Persistence Under Climate Change with Remote Sensing and Site-Specific Data written by Kevin John Buffington and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tidal marshes are dynamic ecosystems that are threatened by climate change and sea-level rise. To characterize baseline condition and historic climate sensitivities, and improve projections into the future, new methods are required that integrate data from the field and remote sensing platforms. Marsh elevation response models can be calibrated with site-specific data to determine the vulnerability of a marsh to sea-level rise and help guide management decisions. Elevation models are sensitive to initial elevation, the rate of accretion, and aboveground biomass. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to develop techniques to improve these important model inputs and evaluate the range of spatial and temporal variation. Light detection and ranging (lidar) is an invaluable tool for collecting elevation data, however dense vegetation prevents the accurate measurement of the tidal marsh surface. In Chapter 2, I describe the development of a technique to calibrate lidar digital elevation models with survey elevation data using readily available multispectral aerial imagery from the National Agricultural Inventory Program (NAIP). Using survey elevation data across 17 Pacific Coast tidal marshes, I demonstrated the utility of the Lidar Elevation Adjustment with NDVI (LEAN) technique to account for the positive bias in lidar due to vegetation. LEAN reduced error from an average of 23.1 cm to 7.2 cm root mean squared error and removed the positive bias caused by vegetation. This increase in accuracy will facilitate more accurate assessments of current and future vulnerability to sea-level rise. The phenology of aboveground biomass in tidal marsh plants in relation to climate variation has not been explored in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). In Chapter 3 I explain how I leveraged the Landsat archive and cloud computing capabilities to assess how Tasseled Cap Greenness (TCG, a proxy for aboveground biomass) in three PNW tidal marshes has responded to recent variation in climate to characterize sensitivity to climate change. Through analysis of over 3700 Landsat images obtained from 1984-2015, I found increased annual precipitation resulted in a higher peak TCG, while warmer May temperatures resulted in an earlier day of peak TCG. These results also demonstrate how time-series analysis of remote sensing data can be used to examine the sensitivity of tidal marsh plants to climate variability and directional change. The range of variation in tidal marsh accretion rates has not been characterized across the PNW. For Chapter 4, I collected and analyzed twenty-two soil cores from eight estuaries to estimate historic accretion rates with radioisotope dating techniques and evaluated the amount and source of variation across estuaries. I found that tidal marshes across the PNW had accretion rates greater than the current rate of sea-level rise, ranging from 2.3 – 7.3 mm yr−1. Using a watershed-scale analysis, I found that long-term average annual fluvial discharge was the top predictor of tidal marsh accretion rates. Additionally, I found that calibrating the Wetland Accretion Rate Model for Ecosystem Resilience (WARMER) with accretion rate data from nearby estuaries can result in uncertainties of up to 41% (50 cm) after 100 years. Finally, in Chapter 5, I demonstrate that a range of 62 cm of error is possible in WARMER models after a 100 year simulation when both uncorrected lidar and non-local accretion rates are used, fundamentally changing the interpretation of the results. Altogether, this dissertation illustrates the importance of collecting site-specific wetland vegetation and elevation data and demonstrates how lidar and multispectral remote sensing data can be leveraged to improve our understanding of how climate variability and change impacts coastal ecosystems.
Book Synopsis Multiple Human and Climate Stressors on California Coastal Marshes and Science-Policy Response by : Elizabeth Fard
Download or read book Multiple Human and Climate Stressors on California Coastal Marshes and Science-Policy Response written by Elizabeth Fard and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal wetlands are considered one of the most productive natural ecological infrastructures in the world. Although coastal ecosystems total only 6% of global surface area, they provide an estimated 38% of global ecosystem services. Despite their environmental and societal value, coastlines and coastal habitats are increasingly threatened by human activity. Human threats include proximal disruptions such as wetland removal, changes in sedimentation and chemical pollution. Additionally, climate change, and more specifically sea-level rise (SLR) poses one of the greatest global threats to coastal marshes. Estimates for future SLR rates range anywhere from 0.3 m to over 1.3 m by the end of the 21st century. While historical observations have shown that tidal wetlands can tolerate and dynamically adjust in elevation to some rate of SLR, there are limits. Human population growth, coastal development and the concept of coastal squeeze constrain landward vertical migration of marshes and bring in additional factors that challenge efforts to understand and manage future salt marsh trajectories. Indeed, humans are integrated into the very fabric of major processes governing wetland stability, which can have major impacts on ecogeomorphic feedback systems and overall marsh resiliency. Thus, local anthropogenic stressors should be coupled with climate change impacts in management and conservation efforts, as they often interact synergistically. However, to do so effectively requires communication and unified actions by stakeholders, managers, and scientists. In the following dissertation, I plan to tie these themes together by researching the multiple human and climatic stressors on California coastal marshes and creating knowledge that can be used in science-policy settings. Furthermore, I use a participant-observer approach to study the communication and planning for mitigating coastal threats in California. First, I obtain high-resolution geochemical data from three coastal marshes in the San Francisco Bay to look at responses to recent anthropogenic changes in sedimentation and pollutant loadings in the context of marsh conditions and histories since the mid-Holocene. Next, I look at attempts to mitigate the impacts of SLR through a large-scale sediment addition project in Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge, CA. I use the analysis of sediment cores, to understand natural accretion and variability over time and how it compares to the artificial accretion and sedimentation from sediment addition. Lastly, I utilize information from a longer-term participant-observer project updated and augmented with my own participant-observer experience with the SWCASC funded coastal workshops to provide an analysis on knowledge co-production efforts in coastal management settings to understand what makes knowledge relevant in management and policy contexts.
Book Synopsis Salt Marsh Sedimentary Response to Sea Level Rise by : Mohd Lokman bin Husain
Download or read book Salt Marsh Sedimentary Response to Sea Level Rise written by Mohd Lokman bin Husain and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis East Coast Salt Marsh Response to Sea Level Rise by : Matt R. Simon
Download or read book East Coast Salt Marsh Response to Sea Level Rise written by Matt R. Simon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal salt marshes are under stress from anthropogenic climate change-induced sea level rise (SLR). Sediment microbial decomposition is a major driver of marsh subsidence and any impact of SLR on this biotic process would have a direct effect on marsh surface elevation relative to sea level. Furthermore, sensitivity to SLR of microbial community composition may play a role in the functional response. I collected sediment from six coastal marshes on the United States Atlantic East coast, exposed it to simulated sea level rise and measured total respired carbon over a three week period. My results indicated that SLR caused a decrease in microbial decomposition but that this functional response varied among sites and between elevations within sites. Although differences in decomposition rates among sites were related to organic matter content, differential functional responses to sea-level rise among sites and elevations could not be explained by organic matter, nor a suite of environmental variables that have the potential to effect microbial activity (i.e., porewater pH, salinity and redox potential). In order to determine if changes in community composition might explain the functional response that I observed, I conducted a terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA extracted from sediment from the Massachusetts and New Hampshire sites. I found that microbial community composition varied between the two sites. Furthermore, increased inundation caused a decrease in microbial community compositional shift that corresponded to a decline in decomposition rate. My results suggest that microbial functional response to SLR may be linked to changes in community composition.
Book Synopsis Response of a Salt Marsh to Oil Spill and Cleanup by : Phillip C. Dibner
Download or read book Response of a Salt Marsh to Oil Spill and Cleanup written by Phillip C. Dibner and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
